Process-based simulation of contrail cirrus in a global climate model

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 114, Issue 16, 2009, Pages

  Burkhardt, Ulrike ^a   Karcher, Bernd ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SIMULATORS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

CONTRAIL FORMATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MODEL SIMULATION; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; PARAMETERIZED; PHYSICAL MODEL; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SHEARED FLOW;

CLOUDS;

CLIMATE MODELING; ESTIMATION METHOD; GLOBAL CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SHEAR FLOW; SIMULATION;

EID: 70849110698     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011491     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bakan, S., M. Betancor, V. Gayler, and H. Grassl (1994), Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA satellite images, Ann. Geophys., 12, 962-968.
2. Betancor-Gothe, M., and H. Grassl (1993), Satellite remote sensing of the optical depth and mean size of thin cirrus and contrails, Theor. Appl. Clim., 48, 101-113.
3. Boucher, O. (1999), Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness, Nature, 397, 30-31.
4. Burkhardt, U., B. Kärcher, M. Ponater, K. Gierens, and A. Gettelman (2008), Contrail cirrus supporting areas in model and observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16808, doi:10.1029/2008GL034056.
5. Carleton, A. M., D. J. Travis, K. Master, and S. Vezhapparambu (2008), Composite atmospheric environments of jet contrail outbreaks for the United States, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol, 47, 641-667.
6. Detwiler, A., and R. Pratt (1984), Clear-air seeding: Opportunities and strategies, J Weather Mod., 16, 46-60.
7. Duda, D. P., P. Minnis, L. Nguyen, and R. Palikonda (2004), A case study of the development of contrail clusters over the Great Lakes, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1132-1146.
8. Duda, D. P., P. Minnis, and R. Palikonda (2005), Estimated contrail frequency and coverage over the contiguous United States from numerical weather prediction analyses and flight track data, Meleorol. Z., 14, 537-548.
9. Dürbeck, T., and T. Gerz (1996), Dispersion of aircraft exhausts in the free atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26, 007-26, 015.
10. Eleftheratos, K., C. S. Zerefos, P. Zanis, D. S. Balis, G. Tselioudis, K. Gierens, and R. Sausen (2007), A study on natural and manmade global interannual fluctuations of cirrus cloud cover for the period 1984-2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2631-2642. (Pubitemid 46791234)
11. Eyers, C. J., P. Norman, J. Middel, M. Plohr, S. Michot, K. Atkinson, and R. A. Christou (2004), AER02k global aviation emissions inventories for 2002 and 2025, Tech. Rep. QINETIC/04/0I113, QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, U. K.
12. Febvre, G., et al. (2009), On optical and microphysical characteristics of. contrails and cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02204, doi:10.1029 /2008JD010184.
13. Forster, P., et al. (2007), Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of WG I to the 4th Assessment Report of the 1PCC, edited by S. Solomon et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
14. Freudenthaler, V., F. Homburg, and H. Jäger (1995), Contrail observations by ground-based scanning Lidar: Cross-sectional growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3501-3504.
15. Gayet, J.-F., J. Ovarlez, V. Shcherbakov, J. Strom, U. Schumann, A. Minikin, F. Auriol, A. Petzold, and M. Monier (2004), Cirrus cloud microphysical and optical properties at southern and northern midlatitudes during INCA, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20206, doi:10.1029 /2004JD004803.
16. Gettelman, A., E. J. Fetzer, A. Eldering, and F. W. Irion (2006), The global distribution of supersaturation in the upper troposphere from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, J. Clim., 19, 6089-6103.
17. Gierens, K., R. Sausen, and U. Schumann (1999a), A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails. Part II: Future air traffic scenarios, Theor. Appl. Climatol, 63, 1-9.
18. Gierens, K., U. Schumann, M. Helten, H. G. J. Smit, and A. Marenco (1999b), A distribution law for relative humidity in the upper troposphere and iower stratosphere derived from three years of MOZAIC measurements, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1218-1226.
19. Heymsfield, A. J., R. P. Lawson, and G. W. Sachse (1998), Growth of ice crystals in a precipitating contrail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1335-1338.
20. Jensen, E. J., A. S. Ackerman, D. E. Stevens, O. B. Toon, and P. Minnis (1998), Spreading and growth of contrails in a sheared environment, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13, 557-13, 567.
21. Karcher, B., R. Busen, A. Petzold, F. P. Schroder, U. Schumann, and E. J. Jensen (1998), Physicochemistry of aircraft-generated liquid aerosols, soot and ice particles: 2. Comparison with observations and sensitivity studies, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17, 129-17, 148.
22. Kästner, M., R. Meyer, and P. Wendling (1999), Influence of weather conditions on the distribution of persistent contrails, Meteorol. Appl., 6, 261-271.
23. Land, C., M. Ponater, R. Sausen, and E. Roeckner (1999), The ECHAM4. L39 (DLR) atmosphere GCM-Technical description and model climatology, DLR-FB 1999-31, 45 pp., Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany.
24. Lewellen, D. C., and W. S. Lewellen (2001), The effects of aircraft wake dynamics on contrail development, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 390-406.
25. Lohmann, U., P. Stier, C. Hoose, S. Ferrachat, S. Kloster, E. Roeckner, and J. Zhang (2007), Cloud microphysics and aerosol indirect effects in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3425-3446. (Pubitemid 47143397)
26. Mannstein, H., R. Meyer, and P. Wendling (1999), Operational detection of contrails from NOAA AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 20, 1641-1660.
27. Marquart, S. (2003), Klimawirkung von Kondensstreifen: Untersuchungen mit einem globalen atmospharischen Zirkulationsmodell, doctoral thesis (in German), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 161 pp. Cologne, Germany.
28. Marquart, S., M. Ponater, F. Mager, and R. Sausen (2003), Future development of contrail cover, optical depth, and radiative forcing: Impacts of increasing air traffic and climate change, J. Clim., 16, 2890-2904.
29. Meyer, R., H. Mannstein, R. Meerkotter, U. Schumann, and P. Wendling (2002), Regional radiative forcing by line-shaped contrails derived from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D10), 4104, doi:10.1029 /2001JD000426.
30. Meyer, R., R. Buell, C. Leiter, H. Mannstein, S. Pechtl, T. Oki, and P. Wendling (2007), Contrail observations over Southern and Eastern Asia in NOAA/AVHRR data and comparisons to contrail simulations in a GCM, Int. J. Remote Sens., 28, 2049-2069.
31. Minnis, P., D. F. Young, D. P. Garber, L. Nguyen, W. L. Smith Jr., and R. Palikonda (1998), Transformation of contrails into cirrus during SUCCESS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1157-1160.
32. Minnis, P., R. Palikonda, B. J. Walter, J. K. Ayers, and H. Mannstein (2005), Contrail properties over the eastern North Pacific from AVHRR data, Meteorol. Z, 14, 515-523.
33. Myhre, G., and F. Stordal (2001), On the tradeoff of the thermal and solar radiative impact of contrails, Geophys. Res. Lett, 28, 3119-3122.
34. Palikonda, R., P. Minnis, D. P. Duda, and H. Mannstein (2005), Contrail coverage derived from AVHRR data over the continental United States of America and surrounding areas, Meteorol. Z, 14, 525-536.
35. Ponater, M., S. Marquart, and R. Sausen (2002), Contrails in a comprehensive global climate model: Parameterization and radiative forcing results, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D13), 4164, doi:10.1029/2001JD000429. (Pubitemid 43197323)
36. Radel, G., and K. Shine (2007), Evaluation of the use of radiosonde humidity data to predict the occurrence of persistent contrails, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 133, 1413-1424.
37. Radel, G., and K. Shine (2008), Radiative forcing by persistent contrails and its dependence on cruise altitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07105, doi:10.1029/2007JD009117.
38. Roeckner, E., K. Arpe, L. Bengtsson, M. Christoph, M. Claussen, L. Dumenil, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, U. Schlese, and U. Schulzweida (1996), The atmosphere general circulation model ECHAM-4: Model description and simulation of present-day climate, Max-Planck-Inst. Meteorol. Rep. 218, 90 pp., Hamburg, Germany.
39. Sassen, K. (1997), Contrail-cirrus and their potential for regional climate change, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, 78, 1885-1903.
40. Sassen, K., and B. S. Cho (1992), Subvisual thin cirrus lidar data set for satellite verification and climatological research, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 1275-1285.
41. Sausen, R., K. Gierens, M. Ponater, and U. Schumann (1998), A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails, Part I: Present day climate, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 61, 127-141.
42. Sausen, R., et al. (2005), Aviation radiative forcing in 2000: An update on IPCC (1999), Meteorol. Z, 14, 555-561.
43. Schiller, C., M. Krämer, A. Afchine, N. Spelten, and N. Sitnikov (2008), Ice water content of Arctic, midlatitude and tropical cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24208, doi:10.1029/2008JD010342.
44. Schroder, F., B. Kärcher, C. Duroure, J. Strom, A. Petzold, J.-F. Gayet, B. Strauss, P. Wendling, and S. Borrmann (2000), On the transition of contrails into cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 464-480.
45. Schumann, U. (1996), On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts, Meteorol. Z, 5, 4-23.
46. Schumann, U. (2000), Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation, Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 4, 391-401.
47. Schumann, U. (2005), Formation, properties and climate effect of contrails, C. R. Phys., 6, 549-565.
48. Schumann, U., J. Strom, R. Busen, R. Baumann, K. Gierens, M. Krautstrunk, F. P. Schröder, and J. Stingl (1996), In situ observations of particles in jet aircraft exhausts and contrails for different sulfur containing fuels, J Geophys. Res., 101, 6853-6869.
49. Spichtinger, P., K. Gierens, U. Leiterer, and H. Dier (2003), Ice supersaturation in the tropopause region over Lindenberg, Germany, Meteorol. Z., 12, 143-156.
50. Spinhime, J. D., W. Hart, and D. P. Duda (1998), Evolution of the morphology and microphysics of contrail cirrus from airborne remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 1153-1156.
51. Stubenrauch, C. J., and U. Schumann (2005), Impact of air traffic on cirrus coverage, Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, L14813, doi:10.1029/2005GL022707. (Pubitemid 41378937)
52. Stuber, N., and P. Forster (2007), The impact of diurnal variations of air traffic on contrail radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3153-3162.
53. Sundqvist, H. (1978), A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 104, 677-690.
54. Sussmann, R., and K. Gierens (2001), Differences in early contrail evolution of two-engine versus four-engine aircraft: Lidar measurements and numerical simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4899-4911.
55. Unterstrasser, S. (2008), Numerische Simulationen von Kondensstreifen und deren Übergang in Zirren, doctoral thesis (in German), Ludwig Maximilians Univ. München, München, Germany.