Sensitivity of boreal-summer circulation and precipitation to atmospheric aerosols in selected regions-Part 1: Africa and India

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 27, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 3989-4007

  Sud, Y C ^a   Wilcox, E ^a   Lau, W K M ^a   Walker, G K ^b   Liu, X H ^c   Nenes, A ^d   Lee, D ^e   Kim, K M ^f   Zhou, Y ^f   Bhattacharjee, P S ^g  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b GENERAL SCIENCES CORPORATION   (United States)

^c PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^e Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^g GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosols and particles; Cloud physics and chemistry; Evolution of the atmosphere)

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD COVER; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EOS; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SUMMER;

AFRICA; ASIA;

EID: 70749089251     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-27-3989-2009     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Ackerman, A. S., van Zanten, M. C., Stevens, B., Savic-Jovcic, V., Bretherton, C. S., Chlond, A., Gloaz, J.-G., Jiang, H., Khairoutdinov, M., Krueger, S. K., Lewellen, D. C. Lock, A., Moeng, C.-H., Nakamura, K., Petters, M. D., Snider, J. R., Weinbrecht, S., and Zulauf, M.: Large-eddy simulations of a drizzling, stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 3, doi:10.1175/2008MWR2582.1, 2009.
2. Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness, Science, 245(1989), 1227-1230, 1989.
3. Andreae, M. O., Jones, C. D., and Cox, P. M.: Strong present-day aerosol cooling implies a hot future, Nature, 435(3671), 1187-1190, 2005.
4. A° ngström, A.: On the Atmospheric Transmission of Sun Radiation and on Dust in the Air, Geografiska Annaler, 11, 156-166, 1929.
5. Bell, T. L., Rosenfeld, D., Kim, K.-M, Yoo, J.-M., Lee, M.-I., and Hahnenberger, M.: Midweek increase in U.S. summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rainstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008623, 2008.
6. Bollasina, M., Nigam, S., and Lau, K.-M.: Absorbing aerosols and summer monsoon evolution over south Asia: an observational portrayal, J. Climate, 21, 3221-3229, 2008.
7. Bony, S., Coleman, R., and Kattsov, V. M.: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes. A Review Paper, J. Climate, 19, 3455-3482, 2006.
8. Brierley, C. M., Fedorov, A. V., Liu, Z., Herbert, T. D., Lawrence, K. T., and LaRiviere, J. P.: Greatly Expanded 78 Tropical Warm Pool and Weakened Hadley Circulation in the Early Pliocene (27 March 2009), Science, 323(5922), 1714, doi:10.1126/science.1167625, 2009.
9. Chand, D., Wood, R., Anderson, T. L., Satheesh, S. K., and Charl-son, R. J.: Satellite-derived direct radiative effect of aerosols dependent on cloud cover, Nature Geosci., 2, 181-184, 2009.
10. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley Jr., J. A., Hansen, J.E., and Hoffman, D. J.: Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
11. Chin, M., Ginuox, P., Kinne, S., Torres, O., Holben, B. N., Duncan, B. N., Martin, R. V., Logan, J. A., Higurashi, A., and Nakijima, T.: Tropospheric Aerosol Optical Thickness from the GOCART Model and Comparisons with Satellite and Sun Photometer Measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461-483, 2002.
12. Chin, M., Chu, D. A., Levy, R., Remer, L., Kaufman, Y., Holben, B. N., Eck, T., Ginoux, P., and Gao, Q.: Aerosol distribution in the Northern Hemisphere during ACE-Asia: Results from global model, satellite observations, and Sun photometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D23), S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD004829, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318565)
13. Chou, M.-D. and Suarez, M. J.: An efficient thermal infrared radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models, NASA Tech. Memo., 104606, vol.3, 85 pp., NTIS N95-15745, 1994.
14. Chou, M. D. and Suarez, M. J.: A Solar Radiation Parameterization for Atmospheric Studies, NASA Tech. Memo., 104606, vol.15, 38 pp, 1999.
15. Chou, M. D., Suarez, M. J., Ho, C. H., Yan, M. H., and Lee, K. T.: Parameterizations for cloud overlapping and shortwave single scattering properties for use in general circulation and cloud ensemble models, J. Climate, 11, 202-214, 1998.
16. Chylek, P., Dubey, M. K., Lohmann, U., Ramanathan, V., Kaufman, Y., Lesins, G., Hudson, J., Altmann, G., and Olsen, S.: Aerosol indirect effect over the Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06806, doi:10.1029/2005GL025397, 2006.
17. Del Genio, A. D., Yao, M.-S., and Jonas, J.: Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16703, doi:10.1029/2007GL030525, 2007. (Pubitemid 350065348)
18. Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., Zhang, Y., et al.: MIRAGE: Model description and evaluation of aerosols and trace gases, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D20210, doi:10.1029/2004JD004571, 2004. (Pubitemid 40098469)
19. Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: Continued development of a cloud droplet formation parameterization for global climate models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D11212, doi:10.1029/2004JD005591, 2005. (Pubitemid 41268811)
20. George, J. P., Harenduprakash, L., and Mohan, M.: Multi year changes of Aerosol Optical Depth in the monsoon region of the Indian Ocean since 1986 as seen in the AVHRR and TOMS data, Ann. Geophys., 26, 7-11, 2008, http://www.ann-geophys.net/26/7/2008/.
21. Ginoux, P., Chin, M., Tegan, I., Prospero, J., Holben, B. N., Dubovik, O., and Lin, S. J.: Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20225-20273, 2001.
22. Girolamo, L., Bond, T. C., Bramer, D., Diner, D. J. Fettinger, F., Kahn, R. A., Martonchik, J. V., Ramana, M., Ramanathan, V., and Rasch, P. J.: Analysis of Multi-angle Imaging Spec-troradiometer (MISR) aerosol optical depths over greater India during winter 2001-2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23115, doi:10.1029/2004GL021273, 2004. (Pubitemid 40482423)
23. Gradel, T. E. and Crutzen, P. J.: Atmospheric Change: an Earth System Perspective, W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1993.
24. Hansen, J., Sato, M., and Ruedy, R.: Radiative forcing and climate response, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6831-6864, 1997.
25. Held, I. M. and Soden, B. J.: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming, J. Climate, 19(21), 5686-5699, 2006.
26. Hill, J., Stellmes, M., Udelhoven, Th., Röder, A., and Sommer, S.: Remote Sensing Department, FB VI Geography/Geosciences, University of Trier, Campus II, 54286 Trier, Germany, 1998.
27. Hobbs, P. V.: Effects of Aerosols on Clouds and Radiation, in: Global Energy and Water Cycles, edited by: Browning, K. A. and Gurney, R. J., p. 91-99, Camb. Univ. Press., 1999.
28. Huang, J., Zhang, C., and Prospero, J. M.: Large-scale effects of African aerosol on precipitation of the West African monsoon, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 13, 581-594, doi:10.1002/qj.391, 2009.
29. Hu, Y. and Fu, Q.: Observed poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation since 1979, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5229-5236, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/7/5229/2007/.
30. Hulme, M., Osborn, T. J., and Johns, T. C.: Precipitation sensitivity to global warming: comparisons of observations with HadCM2 simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(17), 3379-3382 (R), 1998
31. IPCC: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M. C., Avery, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
32. Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., and Kistler, R.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(3), 437-471, 1996.
33. Kimberly, A., Prather, C. D., Hatch, and Grassian, V. H.: Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols, Annu. Rev. Analyt. Chem., 1, 485-514, 2008.
34. Kerminen, V. M., Lihavainen, H., Komppula, M., Viisanen, Y., and Kulmala, M.: Direct observational evidence linking atmospheric aerosol formation and cloud droplet activation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14803, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023130, 2005. (Pubitemid 41372624)
35. Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Toward the theory of stochastic condensation in clouds. Part I: a general kinetic equation, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3985-3996, 1999a.
36. Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Toward the theory of stochastic condensation in clouds. Part II: analytical solutions of the gamma-distribution type, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3997-4013, 1999b.
37. Kiehl, J. T., Hack, J. J., Bonan, G. B., Boville, B. A., Briegleb, B. P., Williamson, D. L., and Rasch, P. J.: Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). NCAR/TN-420+STR, 152 pp. (available from NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307), 1996.
38. Kiehl, J. T., Hack, J. J., Bonan, G. B., Boville, B. A., Williamson, D. L., and Rasch, P. J.: The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3, J. Climate, 11, 1131-1149, 1998.
39. Kim, M. K., Lau, K. M., Chin, M., Kim, K. M., Sud, Y. C., and Walker, G. K.: Atmospheric teleconnection over Eurasia induced by aerosol radiative forcing during boreal spring, J. Climate, 19, 4700-4718, 2006.
40. Knox, E. G.: Atmospheric pollutants and mortalities in English local authority areas, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 62, 442-447, 2008.
41. Krishnamurti, T. N., Chakraborty, A., Martin, A., Lau, W. K., Kim, K.-M., Sud, Y., and Walker, G.: Impact of Arabian Sea Pollution on the Bay of Bengal Winter Monsoon Rains, J. Geophys. Res., Atmosphere, 114, D06213, doi:10.1029/2008JD010679, 2009.
42. Lau, K.-M., Kim, M. K., and Kim, K. M.: Asian Summer Monsoon Anomalies Induced by Aerosol Direct Forcing: the Role of the Tibetan Plateau, Clim. Dynam., 7-8, 26, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0114-z, 2006.
43. Lau, K.-M. and. Kim, K.-M: Does aerosol weaken or strengthen the Asian monsoon? Mountains Witnesses of Global Changes-Research in the Himalaya and Karakoram: Share-Asia Project, edited by: Baudo, R., Tartari, G., and Vuillermoz, E., Elsevier, pp. 13-22, 2007.
44. Lau, K.-M., Kim, K.-M., Sud, Y. C., and Walker, G. K.: A GCM study of responses of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative forcing, Ann. Geophys., in review, 2009a.
45. Lau, K.-M., Kim, K.-M., Hsu, C. N., and Holben, B. N.: Possible influences of air pollution, dust-, and sandstorms on the Indian monsoon, WMO Bulletin, 58(1), 22-30, 2009b.
46. Lau, K. M., Kim, K. M., Sud, Y. C., and Walker, G. K.: Influence of aerosol-radiative forcings on the diurnal and seasonal cycles of rainfall over West Africa and Eastern Atlantic Ocean using GCM simulations, Clim. Dynam., accepted, 2009c.
47. Lin, S.-J.: A "vertically Lagrangian" finite-volume dynamical core for global models, Mon. Weather Rev., 132(10), 2293-2307, 2004.
48. Lin, S.-J. and Rood, R. B.: Multidimensional flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 124(9), 2046-2070, 1996.
49. Liu, X. and Penner, J. E.: Ice nucleation parameterization for global models, Meteorol. Z., 14(4), 499-514, 2005.
50. Liu, J., Xia, X., Wang, P., Zheng, Z., Li, Y., Cribb, M., and Chen, H.: Significant aerosol direct radiative effects during a pollution episode in northern China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23808, doi:10.1029/2007GL030953, 2007.
51. Lohmann, U. and Feichter, J.: Can the Direct and Semi-Direct Aerosol Effect Compete with the Indirect Effect on a Global Scale?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(1), 159-161, 2001.
52. Massie S. T., Torres, O., and Smith, S. J.: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18211, doi:10.1029/2004JD004620, 2004. (Pubitemid 39621652)
53. Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., and Collins W. D.: Effects of black carbon aerosols on the Indian monsoon, J. Climate, 21, 2869-2882, 2008.
54. Menon, S., Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L. and Luo, Y.: Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297, 2250-2253, 2002.
55. Myhre, G., Stordal, F., Johnsrud, M., Kaufman, Y. J., Rosenfeld, D., Storelvmo, T., Kristjansson, J. E., Berntsen, T. K., Myhre, A., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Aerosol-cloud interaction inferred from MODIS satellite data and global aerosol models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3081-3101, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/7/3081/2007/.
56. Nakajima, T.: Tropospheric Aerosol Optical Thickness from the GOCART Model and Comparisons with Satellite and Sun Photometer Measurements., J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461-483, 2002.
57. Nakajima, T., Yoon, S.-C., Ramanathan, V., et al.: Overview of the Atmospheric Brown Cloud East Asian Regional Experiment 2005 and a study of the aerosol direct radiative forcing in east Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S91, doi:10.1029/2007JD009009, 2007.
58. Nenes, A. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Parameterization of cloud droplet formation in global climate models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4415, doi:10.1029/2002JD002911, 2003.
59. Podgorny, I. A. and Ramanathan, V.: A modeling study of the direct effect of aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24097-24105, 2001.
60. Prasad, A. K., Singh, R. P., and Singh, A.: Variability of aerosol optical depth over Indian subcontinent using MODIS data, J. Indian Soc. Rem. Sens., 32(4), 313-316, 2004.
61. Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, T. J., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124, 2001.
62. Ramanathan, V., Chung, C., Kim, D., Bettge, T., Buja, L., Kiehl, J. T., Washington, W. M., Fu, Q., Sikka, D. R., and Wild, M.: Atmospheric brown clouds: Impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 5326-5333, 2005.
63. Ramanathan V. and Ramana, M. V.: Persistent, widespread, and strongly absorbing haze over the Himalayan foothills and the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Pure Appl. Geophys., 162, 1609-1626, 2005.
64. Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.: An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate, J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625, 2002.
65. Renaud, F. B. J., Dun, O., and Warner, K.: Control, Adapt, or Flee: How to face environmental migration?, Inter Sections No. 5/7, United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, available at www.ehs.unu.edu, 2007.
66. Rosenfeld, D.: Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution, Science, 287, 1793-1796, 2000.
67. Satheesh, S. K. and Ramanathan, V.: Large difference in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface, Nature, 405, 60-63, 2000.
68. Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Vinoj, V., and Dutt, C. B. S.: Climate implications of large warming by elevated aerosol over India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19809, doi:10.1029/2008GL034944, 2008.
69. Sato, M., Hansen, J., Koch, D., Lacis, A., Ruedy, R., Dubrovik, O., Holben, B., Chin, M., and Novakov, T.: Global Atmospheric Black Carbon Inferred from Aeronet, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003.
70. Seifert, A. and Beheng, K. D.: A double-moment parameterization for simulating autoconversion, accretion and self collection, At-mos. Res., 59, 265-281, 2001.
71. Shindell, D. and Faluveg, G.: Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century, Nature Geoscience, 2, 294-300, doi:10.1038/ngeo473, 2009.
72. Simkhovich, B. Z., Kleinman, M. T., and Kloner, R. A.: Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Injury Epidemiology, Toxicology, and Mechanisms, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 52, 719-726, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.029, 2008.
73. Sud, Y. C. and Lee, D.: Parameterization of aerosol indirect effect to complement McRAS cloud scheme and its evaluation with the 3-year ARM-SGP analyzed data for single column models, Atmos. Res., 86, 105-125, 2007.
74. Sud, Y. C., Mocko, D. M., and Lin, S.-J.: Performance of two cloud-radiation parameterization schemes in the fvGCM for anomalously wet May and June 2003 over the continental United States and Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 111(D6), 6201, doi:10.1029/2005JD006246, 2006. (Pubitemid 43675918)
75. Sud, Y. C. and Walker, G. K.: Microphysics of clouds with the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme (McRAS). Part I: Design and evaluation with GATE phase III data, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3196-3220, 1999a.
76. Sud, Y. C. and Walker, G. K.: Microphysics of clouds with the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme (McRAS). Part II: Implementation and performance in GEOS II GCM, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3221-3240, 1999b.
77. Sud, Y. C., Walker, G. K., and Lau, K. M.: Mechanisms regulating deep moist convection and sea-surface temperatures in the tropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(8), 1019-1022, 1999c.
78. Sud, Y. C. and Walker, G. K.: New upgrades to the microphysics and thermodynamics of clouds in McRAS: SCM and GCM evaluation of simulation biases in GEOS GCM, Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad., 69(5), 543-565, 2003.
79. Sud, Y. C. and Walker, G. K.: Influence of ice-phase physics of hy-drometeors on moist-convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1758, doi:10.1029/2003GL017587, 2004.
80. Sud, Y. C., Walker, G. K., Zhou, Y. P., Schmidt, G. A., Lau, K.-M., and Cahalan, R. F.: Effects of doubled CO2 on tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for onset of deep convection and maximum SST: Simulations based inferences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12707, doi:10.1029/2008GL033872, 2008.
81. Takemura, T., Kaufman, Y. J., Remer, L. A., and Nakajima, T.: Two competing pathways of aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(4), L04802, doi:10.1029/2006GL028349, 2007. (Pubitemid 47272083)
82. Twomey, S.: The nuclei of natural cloud formation, II, The super-saturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration, Geofis. Pura Appl., 43, 243-249, 1959.
83. Vecchi, G. A., Soden, B. J., Wittenberg, A. T., Held, I. M., Leet-maa, A., and Harrison, M. J.: Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation due to anthropogenic forcing, Nature, 441(7089), 73-76, 2006.
84. Webster, P. J., Holland, G. J., Curry, J. A., and Chang, H.-R.: Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment, Science, 309(5742), 1844-1846, doi:10.1126/science.1116448, 2005. (Pubitemid 41325092)
85. Whitsel, E. A., Quibrera, P. M., Christ, S. L., Liao, D., Prineas, R. J., Anderson, G. L., and Heiss, G.: Heart Rate Variability, Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution, and Glucose Home-ostasis: The Environmental Epidemiology of Arrhythmogenesis in the Women's Health Initiative, Am. J. Epidemiol., 169, 693-703, 2009.
86. Wilcox, E. M., Sud, Y. C., and Walker, G. K.: Sensitivity of Boreal-Summer Circulation and Precipitation to Atmospheric Aerosols in Selected Regions-Part 2: The Americas, Ann. Geophys., 27, 4009-4021, 2009, http://www.ann-geophys.net/27/4009/2009/.
87. Zeng, X., Tao, W. K., Zhang, M., Hou, A. Y., Xie, S. C., Lang, S., Li, X.-W., Starr, D. O., and Li, X.-F.: A Contribution by ice nuclei to global warming, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 643, doi:10.1002/qj.449, 2009.