Large differences in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface

Nature

Volumn 405, Issue 6782, 2000, Pages 60-63

  Satheesh, S K ^a   Ramanathan, V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITRATE; ORGANIC COMPOUND; SEA WATER; SULFITE;

AEROSOL; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; RADIATIVE FORCING; SURFACE LAYER; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; FLY ASH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOMETRY; SEA; SOOT; TROPICS; WINTER;

EID: 0034604031     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/35011039     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Charlson, R. J. et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255, 423-430 (1992).
2. Houghton, J. T. et al. (eds) Climate Change, 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1995).
3. Hansen, J. E. et al. Climate forcings in the industrial era. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 12753-12758 (1998).
4. Russell, P. B. et al. Aerosol induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid-Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from sun photometer and in situ data with those measured by air borne pyranometen. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 2289-2308 (1999).
5. Kaufman, Y. J. et al. Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 31783-31808 (1998).
6. Bates, T. S., Huebert, B. J., Gras, I. L., Griffiths, F. B. & Durkee, P. A. International Global Atmospheric (IGAC) Project's first aerosol characterization experiment (ACE 1): Overview. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 16297-16318 (1998).
7. 4 publication no. 162, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, 1996); also at (http:/www.indoex.ucsd.edu) (1996).
8. Satheesh, S. K. et al. A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Indian Ocean Experiment data. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 27421-27440 (1999).
9. Jayaraman, A. et al. Direct observations of aerosol radiative forcing over the tropical Indian Ocean during the January-February 1996 pre-INDOEX cruise. J. Geophys. Res. D 103, 13827-13836 (1998).
10. Meywerk, J. & Ramanathan, V. Observations of the spectral clear-sky aerosol forcing over the Tropical Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 24359-24370 (1999).
11. Krishnamurti, T. N., Iha, B., Prospero, J. M., Jayaraman, A. & Ramanathan, V. Aerosol and pollutant transport and their impact on radiative forcing over tropical Indian Ocean during the January-February, 1996 pre-INDOEX cruise. Tellus B 50, 521-542 (1998).
12. Lee, R. B. et al. Pre-launch calibrations of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) tropical rainfall measuring mission and Earth Observing System (EOS): morning (AM-1) spacecraft thermistor bolometer sensors. IEEE. Trans. Geasci. Remote Sensing 36, 1173-1185 (1998).
13. Weilicki, B. A. et al. Clouds and me Earth radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth observing system experiment. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 853-868 (1996).
14. Bush, B. C., Valero, F. P. J., Simpson, A. S. & Bignone, L. Characterization of thermal effects in pyranometers: A data correction algorithm for improved measurement of surface insolation. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. (in the press).
15. Breigleb, B. P., Minnis, P., Ramanathan, V. & Harrison, E. Comparison of regional clear-sky albedos inferred from satellite observations and model computations. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 25, 214-226 (1986).
16. Ramanathan, V. et al. Cloud radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science 243, 57-63 (1989).
17. Haywood, J. et al. Tropospheric aerosol climate forcing in clear-sky satellite observations over the oceans. Science 283, 1299-1303 (1999).
18. Coakley, J. A. & Cess, R. D. Response of the NCAR community climate model to the radiative forcing by the naturally occurring tropospheric aerosol. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 1677-1692 (1985).
19. Rajeev, K., Ramanathan, V. & Meywerk, J. Regional aerosol distribution and its long range transport over the Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 2029-2043 (2000).
20. Cess, R. D. et al. Climatic effects of large injections of atmospheric smoke and dust - A study of climate feedback mechanisms with one-dimensional and 3-dimensional climate models. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 2937-2950 (1985).
21. Hartman, D. L. Global Physical Climatology (Academic, San Diego, 1994).
22. Ackerman, A. S. et al. Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot. Science (in the press).
23. Penner, J. E., Dickerson, R. E. & Oneill, C. A. Effects of aerosol from biomass burring on the global radiation budget. Science 256, 1432-1434 (1992).
24. Tegen, I., Lacis, A. A. & Fung, I. The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature 380, 419-422 (1996).
25. Cooke, W. F. et al. Construction of a 1 degrees × 1 degrees fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 22137-22162 (1999).
26. Prospero, J. M. & Nees, R. T. Impact of the north African drought and El-Ninoon mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds. Nature 320, 735-738 (1986).
27. Lavanchy, V. M. H., Gaggelet, H. W., Schotterer, U., Schwikowski, M. & Baltensperger, U. Historical record of carbonaceous particle concentrations from a European high-alpine glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Switzerland). J. Geophys. Res. 104, 21227-21236 (1999).
28. Theon, J. S. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Adv. Space Res. 14, 159-165 (1993).