Seeing and hearing in space and time: Effects of modality and presentation rate on implicit statistical learning

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 561-580

  Conway, Christopher M ^a   Christiansen, Morten H ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Audition; Implicit learning; Modality effects; Statistical learning; Vision

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; COGNITION; HEARING; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LEARNING; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEMPORAL CORTEX; VISION;

EID: 70450164494     PISSN: 09541446     EISSN: 14640635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09541440802097951     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Altmann, G. T. (2002). Statistical learning in infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 15250-15251.
2. Altmann, G. T. M., Dienes, Z., & Goode, A. (1995). Modality independence of implicitly learned grammatical knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 899-912.
3. Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577-609.
4. Beaman, C. P. (2002). Inverting the modality effect in serial recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55A, 371-389.
5. Brooks, L. R., & Vokey, J. R. (1991). Abstract analogies and abstracted grammars: Comments on Reber (1989) and Mathews et al. (1989). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 316-323.
6. Chang, G. Y., & Knowlton, B. J. (2004). Visual feature learning in artificial grammar classification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 714-722.
7. Cleeremans, A., Destrebecqz, A., & Boyer, M. (1998). Implicit learning: News from the front. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 406-416.
8. Cleeremans, A., & McClelland, J. (1991). Learning the structure of event sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 235-253.
9. Collier, G. L., & Logan, G. (2000). Modality differences in short-term memory for rhythms. Memory and Cognition, 28, 529-538.
10. Conway, C. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2005). Modality-constrained statistical learning of tactile, visual, and auditory sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 24-39.
11. Conway, C. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2006). Statistical learning within and between modalities: Pitting abstract against stimulus-specific representations. Psychological Science, 17, 905-912.
12. Conway, C. M., Goldstone, R. L., & Christiansen, M. H. (2007). Spatial constraints on visual statistical learning of multi-element scenes. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 185-190). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
13. Conway, C. M., Karpicke, J., & Pisoni, D. B. (2007). Contribution of implicit sequence learning to spoken language processing: Some preliminary findings with hearing adults. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12, 317-334.
14. Duncan, J., Martens, S., & Ward, R. (1997). Restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. Nature, 387, 756-757.
15. Fiser, J., & Aslin, R.A. (2001). Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes. Psychological Science, 12, 499-504.
16. Freides, D. (1974). Human information processing and sensory modality: Cross-modal functions, information complexity, memory, and deficit. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 284-310.
17. Frensch, P. A., & Miner, C. S. (1994). Effects of presentation rate and individual differences in short-term memory capacity on an indirect measure of serial learning. Memory and Cognition, 22, 95-110.
18. Gardiner, J. M., & Cowan, N. (2003). Modality effects. In J. H. Byrne, H. Eichenbaum, H. L. Roediger III, & R. F. Thompson (Eds.), Learning and memory (pp. 397-400). New York: Macmillan.
19. Geldard, F. A. (1970). Vision, audition, and beyond. In W. D. Neff (Ed.), Contributions to sensory physiology (Vol. 4, pp. 1-17). New York: Academic Press.
20. Ghazanfar, A. A., & Schroeder, C. E. (2006). Is neocortex essentially multisensory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 278-285.
21. Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
22. Glenberg, A. M. (1997). What memory is for. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 1-55.
23. Glenberg, A. M., & Swanson, N. C. (1986). A temporal distinctiveness theory of recency and modality effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 3-15.
24. Gomez, R. L. (1997). Transfer and complexity in artificial grammar learning. Cognitive Psychology, 33, 154-207.
25. Handel, S. (1988). Space is to time as vision is to audition: Seductive but misleading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 315-317.
26. Handel, S., & Buffardi, L. (1969). Using several modalities to perceive one temporal pattern. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21, 256-266.
27. Harris, J. A., Petersen, R. S., & Diamond, M. E. (2001). The cortical distribution of sensory memories. Neuron, 30, 315-318.
28. Hirsh, I. J. (1967). Information processing in input channels for speech and language: The significance of serial order of stimuli. In F. L. Darley (Ed.), Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language (pp. 21-38). New York: Grune & Stratton.
29. Kubovy, M. (1988). Should we resist the seductiveness of the space:time::vision:audition analogy? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 318-320.
30. Kubovy, M., & van Valkenburg, D. (2001). Auditory and visual objects. Cognition, 80, 97-126.
31. Mahar, D., Mackenzie, B., & McNicol, D. (1994). Modality-specific differences in the processing of spatially, temporally, and spatiotemporally distributed information. Perception, 23, 1369-1386.
32. Marks, L. E. (1978). The unity of the senses: Interrelations among the modalities. New York: Academic Press.
33. Mathews, R. C., Buss, R. R., Stanley, W. B., Blanchard-Fields, F., Cho, J.-R., & Druhan, B. (1989). The role of implicit and explicit processes in learning from examples: A synergistic effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1083-1100.
34. Mauk, M. D., & Buonomano, D. V. (2004). The neural basis of temporal processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 307-340.
35. Metcalfe, J., Glavanov, D., & Murdock, M. (1981). Spatial and temporal processing in the auditory and visual modalities. Memory and Cognition, 9, 351-359.
36. Meulemans, T., & van der Linden, M. (1997). Associative chunk strength in artificial grammar learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1007-1028.
37. O'Connor, N., & Hermelin, B. (1978). Seeing and hearing and space and time. New York: Academic Press.
38. Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M. (2002). Perceptual constraints on implicit learning of spatial context. Visual Cognition, 9, 273-302.
39. Pacton, S., Perruchet, P., Fayol, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Implicit learning out of the lab: The case of orthographic regularities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 401-426.
40. Penney, C. G. (1989). Modality effects and the structure of short-term verbal memory. Memory and Cognition, 17, 398-422.
41. Perruchet, P., & Pacton, S. (2006). Implicit learning and statistical learning: Two approaches, one phenomenon. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 233-238.
42. Pothos, E. M., & Bailey, T. M. (2000). The role of similarity in artificial grammar learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 847-862.
43. Pothos, E. M., Chater, N., & Ziori, E. (2006). Does stimulus appearance affect learning? American Journal of Psychology, 119, 277-301.
44. Reber, A. S. (1967). Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Behavior, 6, 855-863.
45. Reber, A. S. (1969). Transfer of syntactic structure in synthetic languages. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 115-119.
46. Redington, M., & Chater, N. (1996). Transfer in artificial grammar learning: A reevaluation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 123-138.
47. Repp, B. H., & Penel, A. (2002). Auditory dominance in temporal processing: New evidence from synchronization with simultaneous visual and auditory sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 1085-1099.
48. Rubin, D. C. (2006). The basic-systems model of episodic memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 277-311.
49. Saffran, J. R. (2002). Constraints on statistical language learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 172-196.
50. Saffran, J. R., Aslin, R. N., & Newport, E. L. (1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science, 274, 1926-1928.
51. Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., & Aslin, R. N. (1996).Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 606-621.
52. Shamma, S. (2001). On the role of space and time in auditory processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 340-348.
53. Shanks, D. R., Johnstone, T., & Staggs, L. (1997). Abstraction processes in artificial grammar learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A, 216-252.
54. Stadler, M. A., & Frensch, P. A. (Eds.). (1998). The handbook of implicit learning. London: Sage.
55. Stoffregen, T. A., & Bardy, B. G. (2001). On specification and the senses. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 195-261.
56. Tunney, R. J., & Altmann, G. T. M. (1999). The transfer effect in artificial grammar learning: Reappraising the evidence of the transfer of sequential dependencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1322-1333.
57. Turk-Browne, N. B., Jungé, J. A., & Scholl, B. J. (2005). The automaticity of visual statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 552-564.
58. Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 44-57.