On some physiological aspects of ethanol repercussion on neural and cardiorenal functions

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 277-288

  Guedes, Rubem Carlos Araujo ^a   Paiva, Ana Maria De Alburquerque ^a   Amâncio dos Santos, Ângela ^a   Vieira Filho, Leucio Duarte ^a   Da Paixão, Ana Durce Oliveira ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PERNAMBUCO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Blood; Cortical spreading depression; Ethanol; Fetal development; Neural programming; Oxidative stress; Pressure; Renal blood flow

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHILD NUTRITION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FETUS WEIGHT; HEART FUNCTION; HUMAN; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LABORATORY TEST; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MATERNAL PLASMA; NEPHRON; NERVE CELL; NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; PROGENY; REVIEW;

EID: 70449725587     PISSN: 18715249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152409789630433     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Lieber, C.S. Medical disorders of alcoholism. New Engl. J. Med., 1995, 333, 1058-1065.
2. Steeg, C.N.; Woolf, P. Cardiovascular malformations in the fetal alcohol syndrome. Am. Heart J., 1979, 98, 635-637. (Pubitemid 10210609)
3. Syslak, P.H.; Nathaniel, E.J.; Novak, C.; Burton, L. Fetal alcohol effects on the postnatal development of the rat myocardium: an ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Exp. Mol. Pathol., 1994, 60, 158-172. (Pubitemid 24339237)
4. Streissguth, A.P. Alcohol and pregnancy: an overview and an update. Subst. Alcohol Act. Misuse, 1983, 4, 149-173.
5. Walsh, S.W.; Wang, Y.; Jesse, R. Peroxide induces vasoconstriction in the human placenta by stimulating thromboxane. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993, 169, 1007-1012. (Pubitemid 23317545)
6. Bondy, S.C. Reactive oxygen species: relation to aging and neurotoxic damage. Neurotoxicology, 1992, 13, 87-100.
7. Goldstein, D.B. Pharmacology of Alcohol. Oxford University Press: New York, 1983.
8. Schuckit, M.A. Alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatr., 1983, 34, 1022-1027.
9. Nulman, I.; Gladstone, J.; O'Hayon, B.; Koren, G. In Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology; Slikker, W.; Chang, L.W., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, 1988; vol 33, pp.567-586.
10. Traves, C.; Camps, L.; Lopez-Tejero, D. Liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol levels during chronic ethanol intake in pregnant rats and their offspring. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 1995, 52, 93-99.
11. Mennella, J.A. Short-term effects of maternal alcohol consumption on lactational performance. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 1998, 22, 1389-1392.
12. Sanchis, R.; Guerri, C. Chronic ethanol intake in lactating rats: milk analysis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 1986, 85(1), 107-110. (Pubitemid 16007990)
13. Tavares-do-Carmo, M.G.; Oller-do-Nascimento, C.M.; Martin, A.; Herrera, E. Ethanol intake during lactation impairs milk production in rats and affects growth and metabolism of suckling pups. Alcohol, 1999, 18, 71-76. (Pubitemid 29269902)
14. Mody, I. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the crosshairs of hormones and ethanol. Neurochem. Int., 2008, 2,60-64.
15. Barbaccia, M.L.; Scaccianoce, S.; Del Bianco, P.; Campolongo, P.; Trezza, V.; Tattoli, M.; Cuomo, V.; Steardo, L. Cognitive impairment and increased brain neurosteroids in adult rats perinatally exposed to low millimolar blood alcohol concentrations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2007, 32, 931-942. (Pubitemid 350086807)
16. Addolorato, G.; Gasbarrini, A.; Marcoccia, S.; Simoncini, M.; Baccarini, P.; Vagni, G.; Grieco, A.; Sbriccoli, A.; Granato, A.; Stefanini, G.F.; Gasbarrini, G. Prenatal exposure to ethanol in rats: effects on liver energy level and antioxidant status in mothers, fetuses, and newborns. Alcohol, 1997, 14, 569-573. (Pubitemid 27500592)
17. Day, N.L.; Jasperse, D.; Richardson, G.; Robles, N.; Sambamoorthi, U.; Taylor, P.; Scher, M.; Stoffer, D.; Cornelius, M. Prenatal exposure to alcohol: effect on infant growth and morphologic characteristics. Pediatrics, 1989, 84, 536-541. (Pubitemid 19216355)
18. Abel, E.L. Paternal and maternal alcohol consumption: effects on offspring in two strains of rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 1989, 13, 533-541.
19. Sigh, S.P.; Snyder, A.K. Ethanol ingestion during pregnancy: effects on pregnant rats and their offspring. J. Nutr., 1982, 112, 98-103.
20. Taylor, S.M.; Heron, A.E.; Cannell, G.R.; Florin, T.H. Pressor effect of ethanol in the isolated perfused human placental lobule. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1994, 270, 371-374. (Pubitemid 2124047)
21. Siler-Khodr, T.M.; Yang, Y.; Grayson, M.H.; Henderson, G.I.; Lee, M.; Schenker, S. Effect of ethanol on thromboxane and prostacyclin production in the human placenta. Alcohol, 2000, 21, 169-180. (Pubitemid 30645959)
22. Denkins, Y.M.; Woods, J.; Whitty, J.E.; Hannigan, J.H.; Martier, S.S.; Sokol, R.J.; Salem, N. Jr. Effects of gestational alcohol exposure on the fatty acid composition of umbilical cord serum in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2000, 71, 300S-306S.
23. Haggarty, P.; Abramovich, D.R.; Page, K. The effect of maternal smoking and ethanol on fatty acid transport by the human placenta. Br. J. Nutr., 2002, 87, 247-252. (Pubitemid 34302866)
24. Salem, N. Jr.; Karanian, J.W. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and ethanol. Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abuse, 1988, 7, 183-197.
25. Pawlosky, R.J.; Salem, N.Jr. Ethanol exposure causes a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and an increase in docosapentaenoic acid in feline brains and retinas. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1995, 61, 1284-1289.
26. Paixão, A.D.O.; Trindade, A.S.; Dantas, A.C.; Barreto, I.S.S.; Vieira-Filho, L.D.; Medeiros, M.C.; Teodósio, N.R.; Guedes, R.C.A. In Malnutrition in the 21st Century; Ch. 13, Vesler, L.W., Ed.; Nova Science Publishers Inc.: New York, 2007; pp. 239-263.
27. Wentzel, P.; Rydberg, U.; Eriksson, U.J. Antioxidative treatment diminishes ethanol-induced congenital malformations in the rat. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 2006, 30:1752-1760.
28. Green, C.R.; Watts, L.T.; Kobus, S.M.; Henderson, G.I.; Reynolds, J.N.; Brien, J.F. Effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure on mitochondrial glutathione and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha concentrations in the hippocampus of the perinatal guinea pig. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 2006, 18, 517-524.
29. Dembele, K.; Yao, X.H.; Chen, L.; Nyomba, B.L. Intrauterine ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic oxidative stress and neuroendocrine alterations in adult rat offspring. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2006, 291, R796-802.
30. Walsh, S.W. Eicosanoids in preeclampsia. Prostaglandins Leukotr. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2004, 70(2), 223-232.
31. Anton, R.F.; Becker, H.C.; Randall, C.L. Ethanol increases PGE and thromboxane production in mouse pregnant uterine tissue. Life Sci., 1990, 46, 1145-1153.
32. Seckl, J.R. Glucocorticoids, feto-placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and the early life origins of adult disease. Steroids, 1997, 62, 89-94.
33. Wilcoxon, J.S.; Schwartz, J.; Aird, F.; Redei, E.E. Sexually dimorphic effects of maternal alcohol intake and adrenalectomy on left ventricular hypertrophy in rat offspring. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 285, E31-39.
34. Weinberg, J.; Bezio, S. Alcohol-induced changes in pituitaryadrenal activity during pregnancy. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 1987, 11, 274-280. (Pubitemid 18005372)
35. Zhang, X.; Sliwowska, J.H.; Weinberg, J. Prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal programming: effects on neuroendocrine and immune function. Exp. Biol. Med., 230, 376-388.
36. Gardner, D.S.; Jackson, A.A.; Langley-Evans, S.C. Maintenance of maternal diet-induced hypertension in the rat is dependent on glucocorticoids. Hypertension, 1997, 30, 1525-1530.
37. Jaquiery, A.L.; Oliver, M.H.; Bloomfield, F.H.; Connor, K.L.; Challis, J.R.; Harding, J.E. Fetal exposure to excess glucocorticoid is unlikely to explain the effects of periconceptional undernutrition in sheep. J. Physiol., 2006, 572, 109-118.
38. de Rooij, S.R.; Painter, R.C.; Phillips, D.I.; Osmond, C.; Michels, R.P.; Bossuyt, P.M.; Bleker, O.P.; Roseboom, T.J. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in adults who were prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 2006, 155, 153-160.
39. Slotkin, T.A.; Seidler, F.J.; Kavlock, R.J.; Bartolome, J.V. Fetal dexamethasone exposure impairs cellular development in neonatal rat heart and kidney: effects on DNA and protein in whole tissues. Teratology, 1991, 43, 301-306.
40. Dodic, M.; Samuel, C.; Moritz, K.; Wintour, E.M.; Morgan, J.; Grigg, L.; Wong, J. Impaired cardiac functional reserve and left ventricular hypertrophy in adult sheep after prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Circ. Res., 2001, 89, 623-629. (Pubitemid 32924217)
41. Ortiz, L.A.; Quan, A.; Weinberg, A.; Baum, M. Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on rat renal development. Kidney Int., 2001, 59, 1663-1669. (Pubitemid 32336780)
42. Martins, J.P.; Monteiro, J.C.; Paixão, A.D. Renal function in adult rats subjected to prenatal dexamethasone. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2003, 30, 32-37.
43. Glavas, M.M.; Ellis, L.; Yu, W.K.; Weinberg, J. Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on basal limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation: role of corticosterone. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 2007, 31(9), 1598-1610. (Pubitemid 47319668)
44. Dodic, M.; Moritz, K.; Koukoulas, I.; Wintour, E.M. Programmed hypertension: kidney, brain or both? Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2002, 13, 403-408.
45. Roy-Clavel, E.; Picard, S.; St-Louis, J.; Brochu, M. Induction of intrauterine growth restriction with a low-sodium diet fed to pregnant rats. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1999, 180, 608-613. (Pubitemid 29149135)
46. Bédard, S.; Sicotte, B.; St-Louis, J.; Brochu, M. Modulation of body fluids and angiotensin II receptors in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction. J. Physiol., 2005, 562, 937-950. (Pubitemid 40246805)
47. Kay, H.H.; Grindle, K.M.; Magness, R.R. Ethanol exposure induces oxidative stress and impairs nitric oxide availability in the human placental villi: a possible mechanism of toxicity. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2000, 182, 682-688.
48. Bekheirnia, M.R.; Schrier, R.W. Pathophysiology of water and sodium retention: edematous states with normal kidney function. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2006, 6, 202-207.
49. Cadnapaphornchai, M.A.; Ohara, M.; Morris, K.G.Jr.; Knotek, M.; Rogachev, B.; Ladtkow, T.; Carter, E.P.; Schrier, R.W. Chronic NOS inhibition reverses systemic vasodilation and glomerular hyperfiltration in pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2001, 280, F592-598.
50. Whalen, J.B.; Clancey, C.J.; Farley, D.B.; Van Orden, D.E. Plasma prostaglandins in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol., 1978, 51(1), 52-55.
51. Atamer, Y.; Koçyigit, Y.; Yokus, B.; Atamer, A.; Erden, A.C. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, status of trace metals and leptin levels in preeclampsia. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2005, 119, 60-66.
52. Serdar, Z.; Gür, E.; Develioǧlu, O.; Colado, M.; Dirican, M. Placental and decidual lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses in preeclampsia. Lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. Pathophysiology, 2002, 9, 21-25. (Pubitemid 35248174)
53. Brown, M.A. The physiology of pre-eclampsia. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 1995, 22, 781-791.
54. Salas, S.P.; Marshall, G.; Gutiérrez, B.L.; Rosso, P. Time course of maternal plasma volume and hormonal changes in women with preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction. Hypertension, 2006, 47, 203-208. (Pubitemid 43189764)
55. Chen, J.C.; Lin, C.C.; Ng, C.C.; Chiu, T.F.; Shyr, M.H. Uneven distribution of ethanol in rat brain following acute administration, with the highest level in the striatum. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 2007, 68, 649-653.
56. Nevo, I.; Hamon, M. Neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory mechanisms involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Neurochem. Int., 1995, 26(4), 305-336.
57. Hipólito, L.; Sánchez, M.J.; Polache, A.; Granero, L. Brain metabolism of ethanol and alcoholism: an update. Curr. Drug Metab., 2007, 8, 716-727. (Pubitemid 47578120)
58. Miquel, M.; Aguilar, M.A.; Aragòn, C.M.G. Ascorbic acid antagonizes ethanol-induced locomotor activity in the open-field. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 1999, 62, 361-366.
59. Brailowsky, S.; García, O. Ethanol, GABA and epilepsy. Arch. Med. Res., 1999, 30, 3-9.
60. Marutha-Ravindran, C.R.; Mehta, A.K.; Ticku, M.K. Effect of chronic administration of ethanol on the regulation of the δ-subunit of GABAA receptors in the rat brain. Brain Res., 2007, 1174, 47-52.
61. A receptor subtypes: the "one glass of wine" receptors. Alcohol, 2007, 41, 201-209.
62. Hanchar, H.J.; Wallner, M.; Olsen, R.W. Alcohol effects on gammaaminobutyric acid type A receptors: are extrasynaptic receptors the answer? Life Sci., 2004, 76, 1-8.
63. Wei, W.Z.; Faria, L.C.; Mody, I. Low ethanol concentrations selectively augment the tonic inhibition mediated by delta subunitcontaining GABA(A) receptors in hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci., 2004, 24, 8379-8382.
64. Korpi, E.R.; Debus, F.; Linden, A.-M.; Malécot, C.; Leppä, E.; Vekovischeva, O.; Rabe, H.; Böhme, I.; Aller, M.I. Does ethanol act preferentially via selected brain GABAA receptor subtypes? The current evidence is ambiguous. Alcohol, 2007, 41, 163-176. (Pubitemid 46970811)
65. Das, S.K.; Vasudevan, D.M. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Life Sci., 2007, 81, 177-187.
66. 2+ mobilization and increases GFAP content in rat hippocampal astrocytes. Brain Res., 2007, 1178, 28-37.
67. Rashba-Step, J.; Turro, N.J.; Cederbaum, A.I. Increased NADPH- and NADH-dependent production of superoxide and hydroxyl radical by microsomes after chronic ethanol treatment. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1993, 300, 401-408. (Pubitemid 23225763)
68. Krinsky, N.I. Mechanism of action of biological antioxidants. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1992, 200, 248-254.
69. Bezerra, R.S.; Abadie-Guedes, R.; Melo, F.R.M.; Paiva, A.M.A.; Amâncio-dos-Santos, A.; Guedes, R.C.A. Shrimp carotenoids protect the developing rat cerebral cortex against the effects of ethanol on cortical spreading depression. Neurosci. Lett., 2005, 391, 51-55. (Pubitemid 41642677)
70. Guedes, R.C.A.; Frade, S.F. Effect of ethanol on cortical spreading depression. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 1993, 26(11), 1241-1244.
71. Smart, J.L.; Dobbing, J. Vulnerability of the developing brain. II. Effects of early nutritional deprivation on reflex ontogeny and development of behaviour in the rat. Brain Res., 1971, 28, 85-95.
72. Leão, A.A.P. Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol., 1944, 7, 359-390.
73. Leão, A.A.P. Further observations on the spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol., 1947, 10, 409-414.
74. Footitt, D.R.; Newberry, N.R. Cortical spreading depression induces an LTP-like effect in rat neocortex in vitro. Brain Res., 1998, 781, 339-342.
75. Gorji, A. Spreading depression: a review of the clinical relevance. Brain Res. Rev., 2001, 38, 33-60. (Pubitemid 34066496)
76. Gorji, A.; Zahn, P.K.; Pogatzki, E.M.; Speckmann, E.-J. Spinal and cortical spreading depression enhances spinal cord activity. Neurobiol. Dis., 2004, 15, 70-79.
77. Guedes, R.C.A.; Tsurodomé, K.; Matsumoto, N. Spreading depression in vivo potentiates electrically-driven responses in frog optic tectum. Brain Res., 2005, 1036, 109-114. (Pubitemid 40255849)
78. Somjen, G.G. Mechanisms of spreading depression and hypoxic spreading depression-like depolarization. Physiol. Rev., 2001, 81, 1065-1096.
79. Mayevsky, A.; Doron, A.; Manor, T.; Meilin, S.; Zarchin, N.; Ouaknine, G.E. Cortical spreading depression recorded from the human brain using a multiparametric monitoring system. Brain Res., 1996, 740, 268-274.
80. Gorji, A.; Speckmann, E.J. Spreading depression enhances the spontaneous epileptiform activity in human neocortical tissues. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2004, 19, 3371-3374.
81. Guedes, R.C.A.; Do Carmo, R.J. Influence of ionic alterations produced by gastric washing on cortical spreading depression. Exp. Brain Res., 1980, 39, 341-349. (Pubitemid 10123930)
82. Leão, A.A.P. In: Experimental Models of Epilepsy, Purpura, D.P.; Penry, K.; Tower, D.B.; Woodbury, D.M.; Walter, R.D., Eds.; Raven Press: New York, 1972, pp. 173-195.
83. Lehmenkühler, A.; Grotenmeyer, K.H.; Tegtmeier, F. Migraine: Basic Mechanisms and Treatment, Urban and Schwarzenberg: Munich, 1993.
84. Takano, K.; Latour, L.L.; Formato, J.E.; Carano, R.A.D.; Helmer, K.G.; Hasegawa, Y.; Sotak, C.H.; Fisher, M. The role of spreading depression in focal ischemia evaluated by diffusion mapping. Ann. Neurol., 1996, 39, 308-318. (Pubitemid 26100754)
85. Amâncio-dos-Santos, A.; Pinheiro, P.C.F.; Lima, D.S.C.; Ozias, M.G.; Oliveira, M.B.; Guimarães, N.X.; Guedes, R.C.A. Fluoxetine inhibits cortical spreading depression in weaned and adult rats suckled under favorable and unfavorable lactation conditions. Exp. Neurol., 2006, 200, 275-282.
86. Costa-Cruz, R.R.G.; Amâncio-dos-Santos, A.; Guedes, R.C.A. Characterization of cortical spreading depression in adult wellnourished and malnourished rats submitted to the association of pilocarpine- induced epilepsy plus streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Neurosci. Lett., 2006, 401, 271-275.
87. De Luca, B.; Cioffi, L.A.; Bures, J. Cortical and caudate spreading depression as an indicator of neural changes induced by early malnutrition in rats. Activ. Nerv. Super. (Praha), 1977, 19(2),130-131.
88. Fregni, F.; Liebetanz, D.; Monte-Silva, K.K.; Batista-de-Oliveira, M.; Amâncio-dos-Santos, A.; Nitsche, M.A.; Pascual-Leone, A.; Guedes, R.C.A. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation coupled with repetitive electrical stimulation on cortical spreading depression. Exp. Neurol., 2007, 204, 462-466.
89. Sonn, J.; Mayevsky, A. The effect of ethanol on metabolic, hemodynamic and electrical responses to cortical spreading depression. Brain Res, 2001, 908, 174-186. (Pubitemid 32721899)
90. Guerri, C.; Pascual, M.; Renau-Piqueras, J. Glial and fetal alcohol syndrome. Neurotoxicology, 2001, 22, 593-599.
91. Assadi, F.K. Renal tubular dysfunction in fetal alcohol syndrome. Pediatr. Nephrol., 1990, 4, 48-51.
92. Assadi, F.K.; Manaligod, J.R.; Fleischmann, L.E.; Zajac, C.S. Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on postnatal renal function and structure in the rat. Alcohol, 1991, 8(4), 259-263.
93. Knee, D.S.; Sato, A.K.; Uyehara, C.F.; Claybaugh, J.R. Prenatal exposure to ethanol causes partial diabetes insipidus in adult rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2004, 287, R277-283.
94. Bird, D.N.; Sato, A.K.; Knee, D.S.; Uyehara, C.F.; Person, D.A.; Claybaugh, J.R. Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure and sex on the arginine vasopressin response to hemorrhage in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2006, 291, R77-82.
95. Boggan, W.O.; Monroe, B.; Turner, W.R.Jr.; Upshur, J.; Middaugh, L.D. Effect of prenatal ethanol administration on the urogenital system of mice. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 1989, 13, 206-208.
96. Sharma, A.; Rawat, A.K. Teratogenic effects of lithium and ethanol in the developing fetus. Alcohol, 1986, 3(2), 101-106.
97. Seseke, F.; Thelen, P.; Heuser, M.; Zöller, G.; Ringert, R.H. Impaired nephrogenesis in rats with congenital obstructive uropathy. J. Urol., 2001, 165, 2289-2292.
98. Eskild-Jensen, A.; Frøkiaer, J.; Djurhuus, J.C.; Jørgensen, T.M.; Nyengaard, J.R. Reduced number of glomeruli in kidneys with neonatally induced partial ureteropelvic obstruction in pigs. J. Urol. 2002, 167(3), 1435-1439. (Pubitemid 34132125)
99. Tufro, A.; Norwood, V.F.; Carey, R.M.; Gomez, R.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces nephrogenesis and vasculogenesis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 1999, 10(10), 2125-2134. (Pubitemid 29453490)
100. Schmidt-Ott, K.M.; Yang, J.; Chen, X.; Wang, H.; Paragas, N.; Mori, K.; Li, J.Y.; Lu, B.; Costantini, F.; Schiffer, M.; Bottinger, E.; Barasch, J. Novel regulators of kidney development from the tips of the ureteric bud. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2005, 16(7), 1993-2002. (Pubitemid 41716430)
101. Moore, C.A.; Khoury, M.J.; Liu, Y. Does light-to-moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy increase the risk for renal anomalies among offspring? Pediatrics, 1997, 99(4), E11.
102. Meister, K.A.; Whelan, E.M.; Kava, R. The health effects of moderate alcohol intake in humans: an epidemiologic review. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 2000, 37(3), 261-296. (Pubitemid 30433585)
103. Taylor, C.L.; Jones, K.L.; Jones, M.C.; Kaplan, G.W. Incidence of renal anomalies in children prenatally exposed to ethanol. Pediatrics, 1994, 94(2 Pt 1), 209-212.
104. Lackland, D.T.; Bendall H.E.; Osmond, C.; Egan, B.M.; Barker, D.J. Low birth weights contribute to high rates of early-onset chronic renal failure in the Southeastern United States. Arch. Intern. Med., 2000, 160(10), 1472-1476.
105. Hoy, W.E.; Rees, M.; Kile, E.; Mathews, J.D.; Wang, Z. A new dimension to the Barker hypothesis: low birthweight and susceptibility to renal disease. Kidney Int., 1999, 56(3), 1072-1077. (Pubitemid 29411735)
106. Nwagwu, M.O.; Cook, A.; Langley-Evans, S.C. Evidence of progressive deterioration of renal function in rats exposed to a maternal low-protein diet in utero. Br. J. Nutr., 2000, 83(1), 79-85.
107. Paixão, A.D.; Maciel, C.R.; Teles, M.B.; Figueiredo-Silva, J. Regional Brazilian diet-induced low birth weight is correlated with changes in renal hemodynamics and glomerular morphometry in adult age. Biol. Neonate, 2001, 80(3), 239-246. (Pubitemid 34701556)
108. Yao, X.H.; Grégoire-Nyomba, B.L. Abnormal glucose homeostasis in adult female rat offspring after intrauterine ethanol exposure. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2007, 292(5), R1926-1933.
109. Yao, X.H.; Chen, L.; Nyomba, B.L. Adult rats prenatally exposed to ethanol have increased gluconeogenesis and impaired insulin response of hepatic gluconeogenic genes. J. Appl. Physiol., 2006, 100(2), 642-648.
110. Chen, L.; Nyomba, B.L. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on glucose tolerance in the rat offspring. Metabolism, 2003, 52(4), 454-462. (Pubitemid 36773268)
111. Pennington, J.S.; Shuvaeva, T.I.; Pennington, S.N. Maternal dietary ethanol consumption is associated with hypertriglyceridemia in adult rat offspring. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 2002, 26(6), 848-855. (Pubitemid 34666145)
112. Pennington, J.S.; Pennington, S.N. Rat adult offspring serum lipoproteins are altered by maternal consumption of a liquid diet. Lipids, 2006, 41(4), 357-363.
113. Burns, S.P.; Desai, M.; Cohen, R.D.; Hales, C.N.; Iles, R.A.; Germain, J.P.; Going, T.C.; Bailey, R.A. Gluconeogenesis, glucose handling, and structural changes in livers of the adult offspring of rats partially deprived of protein during pregnancy and lactation. J. Clin. Invest., 1997, 100(7), 1768-1774.
114. Desai, M.; Byrne, C.D.; Meeran, K.; Martenz, N.D.; Bloom, S.R.; Hales, C.N. Regulation of hepatic enzymes and insulin levels in offspring of rat dams fed a reduced-protein diet. Am. J. Physiol., 1997, 273(4 Pt 1), G899-904.
115. Bertin, E.; Gangnerau, M.N.; Bailbé, D.; Portha, B. Glucose metabolism and beta-cell mass in adult offspring of rats protein and/or energy restricted during the last week of pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 277(1 Pt 1), E11-17.
116. Vickers, M.H.; Breier, B.H.; Cutfield, W.S.; Hofman, P.L.; Gluckman, P.D. Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2000, 279(1), E83-87.
117. Farjanel, J.; Denis, C.; Chatard, J.C.; Geyssant, A. An accurate method of plasma volume measurement by direct analysis of Evans blue spectra in plasma without dye extraction: origins of albumin-space variations during maximal exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol., 1997, 75(1), 75-82. (Pubitemid 27029626)
118. Salas, S.P.; Giacaman, A.; Vío, C.P. Renal and hormonal effects of water deprivation in late-term pregnant rats. Hypertension, 2004, 44(3), 334-339.
119. Magalhães, J.C.; da Silveira, A.B.; Mota, D.L.; Paixão, A.D. Renal function in juvenile rats subjected to prenatal malnutrition and chronic salt overload. Exp. Physiol., 2006, 91(3), 611-619.
120. Buege, J.A.; Aust, S.D. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol., 1978, 52, 302-310.
121. Larsson, L.; Aperia, A.; Wilton, P. Effect of normal development on compensatory renal growth. Kidney Int., 1980, 18, 29-35. (Pubitemid 10044811)
122. Fuhr, J.; Kaczmarczyk, J.; Kruttgen, C.D. Eine einfache colorimetrische Method zur Inulinbestimmung fur Nierenclearanceuntersuchungen bei Stoffwechselgesunden und Diabetikern. Klin. Wochenschr, 1955, 33, 729-730.
123. Mackenzie, H.S.; Brenner, B.M. Fewer nephrons at birth: a missing link in the etiology of essential hypertension? Am. J. Kidney Dis., 1995, 26, 91-98.
124. Langley-Evans, S.C.; Welham, S.J.; Jackson, A.A. Fetal exposure to a maternal low protein diet impairs nephrogenesis and promotes hypertension in the rat. Life Sci., 1999, 64, 965-974. (Pubitemid 29130575)
125. Loria, A.; Reverte, V.; Salazar, F.; Saez, F.; Llinas, M.T.; Salazar, F.J. Changes in renal hemodynamics and excretory function induced by a reduction of ANG II effects during renal development. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2007, 293, R695-700.
126. Celsi, G.; Kistner, A.; Aizman, R.; Eklöf, A.C.; Ceccatelli, S.; de Santiago, A.; Jacobson, S.H. Prenatal dexamethasone causes oligonephronia, sodium retention, and higher blood pressure in the offspring. Pediatr. Res., 1998, 44, 317-322.
127. Ramachandran, V.; Perez, A.; Chen, J.; Senthil, D.; Schenker, S.; Henderson, G.I. In utero ethanol exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which can result in apoptotic cell death in fetal brain: a potential role for 4-hydroxynonenal. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 2001, 25, 862-871.