Mechanisms of spreading depression and hypoxic spreading depression-like depolarization

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 1065-1096

  Somjen, George G ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CALCIUM CHANNEL; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; SODIUM CHANNEL;

ANIMAL CELL; BRAIN CELL; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CELL FUNCTION; CELL HYPOXIA; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; MEMBRANE CURRENT; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NONHUMAN; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; POTASSIUM CURRENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPREADING CORTICAL DEPRESSION;

EID: 0034953204     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1065     Document Type: Review

References (456)

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261. Direct signaling from astrocytes to neurons in cultures of mammalian brain cells
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265. Gap junctional coupling is required for propagation of spreading depression
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269. Block of sodium current by heptanol in voltage-clamped canine cardiac Purkinje cells
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277. Cerebral energy metabolism and oxygen state during hypoxia in neonate and adult dogs
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283. Inhibition of cortical spreading depression by L-701,324, a novel antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex
284. Intracerebral microdialysis markedly inhibits the propagation of cortical spreading depression
285. Evidence against high extracellular glutamate promoting the elicitation of spreading depression by potassium
286. The nature of spreading depression in neural networks
287. Traumatic spreading depression syndrome. Review of a particular type of head injury in 37 patients
288. Magnetic field associated with spreading depression: A model for the detection of migraine
289. Origin of the apparent tissue conductivity in the molecular and granular layers of the in vitro turtle cerebellum and the interpretation of current source density analysis
290. Dual nature of the peaks of light scattered during spreading depression in chick retina
291. Spontaneous slow potentials and spreading depression in amphibian retina
292. Über die sauerstoffversorgung des gehirns und den mechanismus von mangelwirkung
293. Eine Methode zur fortlaufenden photographischen Aufzeichnung von Volumänderungen der roten Blutkörperchen
294. Cell swelling exacerbates hypoxic neuronal damage in rat hippocampal slices
295. Calcium and increased excitability promote tolerance against anoxia in hippocampal slices
296. Extracellular potassium, volume fraction and tortuosity in rat hippocampal CA1, CA3 and cortical slices during ischemia
297. Rapid preconditioning protects rats against ischemic neuronal damage after 3 but not 7 days of reperfusion following global cerebral ischemia
298. Anion permeability in spreading depression investigated with ion sensitive microelectrodes
299. Inhalational anesthetics inhibit spreading depression: Relevance to migraine
300. Cortical blood flow changes during spreading depression in cats
301. Elevated extracellular potassium concentration enhances synaptic activation of N-mtheyl-D-aspartate receptors in hippocampus
302. Large-conductance ion channel measured by whole-cell voltage clamp in single cardiac cells: Modulation by β-adrenergic stimulation and inhibition by octanol
303. Dendritic properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons in the rat: Intracellular staining in vivo and in vitro
304. Experimental ischemia induces a persistent depolarization blocked by decreased calcium and NMDA antagonists
305. EEG suppression and anoxic depolarization: Influences on cerebral oxygenation during ischemia
306. Long-duration self-sustained epileptiform activity in the hippocampal-parahippocampal slice: A model of status epilepticus
307. Analysis of specific impedance of rabbit cerebral cortex
308. Specific impedance of cerebral cortex during spreading depression, and an analysis of neuronal, neuroglial and interstitial contributions
309. Effective reduction of infarct volume by gap junction blockade in a rodent model of stroke
310. A computational model of visual hallucinations in migraine
311. Spreading depression and central nervous system pharmacology
312. Spreading depression in focal ischemia: A computational study
313. Cortical NADH during pharmacological manipulation of the respiratory chain and spreading depression
314. Age-related modifications of potassium homeostasis and synaptic transmission during and after anoxia in rat hippocampal slices
315. Calcium-sensitive recovery of extracellular potassium and synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices exposed to anoxia
316. Glucose enhances recovery of potassium ion homeostasis and synaptic excitability after anoxia in hippocampal slices
317. Involvement of GABA and ACh in retinal spreading depression: Effects of "low calcium-high magnesium" solutions
318. Cholinergic transmission in retinal spreading depression
319. Spreading depression resulting from cortical punctures
320. Intracellular acidification reduces gap junction coupling between immature rat neocortical pyramidal neurones
321. pH regulation in mammalian glia
322. Some phenomena usually associated with spreading depression
323. Spreading depression, sustained potential shifts and metabolic activity of cerebral cortex of cats
324. Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake
325. The neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids is produced by passive chloride influx
326. Developmental study of miniature IPSCs of CA3 hippocampal cells: Modulation by midazolam
327. Effects of potassium ions on the morphological picture of cells in the cerebral cortex
328. Reduction of infarct volume by halothane: Effect on cerebral blood flow or perifocal spreading depression-like depolarization
329. Anesthesia affects potassium evoked spreading depression in cats
330. On the role of excitatory amino acids during generation and propagation of spreading depression
331. Extracellular changes of inorganic phosphate are different during spreading depression and global cerebral ischemia of rats
332. The measurement of extracellular inorganic phosphate gives a more reliable indication for severe impairment of cerebral cell function and cell death than the measurement of extracellular lactate
333. Lactate and pH change in close correlation in the extracellular space of the rat brain during cortical spreading depression
334. Dose-dependent effects of tetraethylammonium on circling spreading depression in chicken retina
335. Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus in brain ischemia
336. Transport of neuroactive amino acids in astrocytes
337. Brain lactate, not glucose, fuels the recovery of synaptic function from hypoxia upon reoxygenation: An in vitro study
338. Protection by MK-801 against hypoxia-excitotoxin- and depolarization-induced neuronal damage in vitro
339. The glucose paradox in cerebral ischemia. New insights
340. The mechanism of neuronal resistance and adaptation to hypoxia
341. Increased glucose improves recovery of neuronal function after cereal hypoxia in vitro
342. Leão's spreading depression and gap junctions: An electro-diffusion model of the DC-voltage shift, ionic movement and osmotic volume changes
343. Osmotic forces and gap junctions in spreading depression: A computational model
344. The osmotic properties of rabbit and human leucocytes
345. The triggering of spreading depression in the chicken retina: A pharmacological study
346. An experimental model of migraine with aura: Cortical hypoperfusion following spreading depression in the awake and freely moving rat
347. Attenuated neurotransmitter release and spreading depression-like depolarizations after focal ischemia in mutant mice with disrupted type I nitric oxide synthase gene
348. Brain extracellular ion composition and EEG activity following 10 minutes ischemia in normo- and hyperglycemic rats
349. Calcium and ischemic brain damage
350. Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia and spreading depression: A unifying hypothesis
351. Acid-base changes during complete brain ischemia
352. 2+] in hypoxia and ischemia in rat brain in vivo
353. Acidosis-related brain damage: Immediate and delayed events
354. Effect of divalent cations on AMPA-evoked extracellular alkaline shifts in rat hippocampal slices
355. Calcium dependence of glutamate receptor-evoked alkaline shifts in hippocampus
356. Electrophysiological and optical changes in slices of rat hippocampus during spreading depression
357. Functions of glial cells in cerebral cortex
358. Electrogenesis of sustained potentials
359. Electrophysiology of neuroglia
360. Extracellular potassium in the mammalian central nervous system
361. Acidification of interstitial fluid in hippocampal formation caused by seizures and by spreading depression
362. Mechanism of the reversible arrest of function during transient cerebral hypoxia and ischemia
363. Glial and neuronal generators of sustained potential shifts associated with electrographic seizures
364. Low external NaCl concentration and low osmolarity enhance voltage gated Ca currents but depress K currents in freshly isolated rat hippocampal neurons
365. The ionic and metabolic responses associated with neuronal depression of Leão's type in cerebral cortex and in hippocampal formation
366. Spreading depression-like depolarization and selective vulnerability of neurons. A brief review
367. The mechanism of spreading depression: A review of recent findings, and a hypothesis
368. Spreading depression in hippocampus: Membrane currents and ion mechanisms
369. Cellular physiology of hypoxia of the mammalian central nervous system
370. Sustained potential Shifts and paroxysmal discharges in hippocampal formation
371. Channel shutdown: A response of hippocampal neurons to adverse environments
372. Potassium and calcium concentrations in interstitial fluid of hippocampal formation during paroxysmal responses
373. Conditions for triggering simulated spreading depression (SD)
374. Potassimn-induced enhancement of persistent inward current in hippocampal neurons in isolation and in tissue slices
375. pH modulation of neuronal excitability and central nervous system functions
376. Die sogenannte Terminaldepolarisation und ihre Beziehung zur Wiederbelebungszeit des Gehirns
377. Gap junctional conductance is a simple and sensitive function of intracellular pH
378. Functional ablation by spreading depression: Possible use in human stereotactic surgery
379. Spreading depression in isolated spinal cord
380. The use of in vivo fluorescence image sequences to indicate the occurrence and propagation of transient focal depolarizations in cerebral ischemia
381. Factors influencing the frequency of fluorescence transients as markers of peri-infarct depolarizations in focal cerebral ischemia
382. 2+ exchanger
383. Neuronal and glial activity during spreading depression in cerebral cortex of cat
384. Development of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the rat neocortex
385. Microphysiology of selectively vulnerable neurons
386. Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake
387. +: Role of glia
388. Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
389. Mechanisms underlying the rapid depolarization produced by deprivation of oxygen and glucose in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro
390. Light scattering in brain slices measured with a photon counting fiber optic system
391. Differences between spreading depression and ischemia
392. Tetrodotoxin resistant propagation and extracellular sodium changes during spreading depression in rat cerebellum
393. Mild acidosis delays hypoxic spreading depression and improves neuronal recovery in rat hippocampal slices
394. Evolving concepts about the role of acidosis in ischemic neuropathology
395. Spreading depression potential (SDP) in the frog retina
396. Endogenous pH shifts facilitate spreading depression by effect on NMDA receptors
397. Modulation of spreading depression by changes in extracellular pH
398. Role of extracellular space in hyperosmotic suppression of potassium-induced electrographic seizures
399. Simplified reaction-diffusion equations for potassium and calcium ion concentrations during spreading depression
400. A mathematical model for spreading cortical depression
401. Suppression of cortical spreading depression after magnesium treatment in the rat
402. Changes in volume of cortical neuronal elements during asphyxiation
403. Changes in the diameter of apical dendrites during spreading depression
404. Compounds in brain extracts causing spreading depression of cerebral cortical activity and contraction of crustacean muscle
405. Two mechanisms for spreading depression in the chicken retina
406. Swelling of Müller fibers in the chicken retina
407. Visual concomitants of retinal spreading depression
408. Acute asphyxiation of the spinal cord and of other sections of the nervous system
409. A study of extracellular space in central nervous tissue by freeze-substitution
410. Glutamate release from the retina during spreading depression
411. Changes in cortical extracellular space during spreading depression investigated with the electron microscope
412. Amino acid release from the cerebral cortex during spreading depression and asphyxiation
413. Cerebral impedance changes after circulatory arrest
414. Electrical and vascular concomitants of spreading depression
415. Chloride movements in cerebral cortex after circulatory arrest and during spreading depression
416. On the distribution and movements of water and electrolytes in the cerebral cortex
417. On the conditions for the recording of Leão's spreading depression
418. Vascular concomitants of spreading cortical depression
419. Cerebral asphyxiation and spreading cortical depression
420. Spreading cortical convulsions and depressions
421. Consequences of cortical convulsive activity in rabbit
422. Spreading depression in rabbit, cat and monkey
423. Cortical discontinuity and propagation of spreading depression
424. Re-entry waves of Leão's spreading depression between neocortex and caudate nucleus
425. Erkrankungen der Grosshirnrinde im Lichte der Topistik, Pathoklise und Pathoarchitektonik
426. Potassium-selective microelectrodes used for measuring the extracellular brain potassium during spreading depression and anoxic depolarization in rats
427. Current source density of sustained potential shifts associated with electrographic seizures and with spreading depression in rat hippocampus
428. Role of astrocytes in the spreading depression signal between ischemic core and penumbra
429. Differential fall in ATP accounts for effects of temperature on hypoxic damage in rat hippocampal slices
430. Repetitive hypoxic exposure of brain slices and electrophysiological responses as an experimental model for investigation of cerebroprotective measurements
431. Damage from oxygen and glucose deprivation in hippocampal slices is prevented by tetrodotoxin, lidocaine and phenytoin without blockade of action potentials
432. Excitotoxic cell swelling occurs in oxygen and glucose deprived human cortical slices
433. Effects of antimigraine drugs on retinal spreading depression
434. Systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not affect brain oxygenation during cortical spreading depression in rats: A noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy and laser-Doppler flowmetry study
435. Extra- and intracellular oxygen supply during cortical spreading depression in the rat
436. Excessive oxygen or glucose supply does not alter the blood flow response to somatosensory stimulation of spreading depression in rats
437. Hyperthermic spreading depressions in the immature rat hippocampal slice
438. Effects of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cellular ion homeostasis in rat brain subjected to complete ischemia
439. Ion channel involvement in anoxic depolarization induced by cardiac arrest in rat brain
440. Extracellular pH responses in CA1 and the dentate gyrus during electrical stimulation, seizure discharges amd spreading depression
441. Infarct tolerance against temporary focal ischemia following spreading depression in rat brain
442. Factors that reverse the persistent depolarization produced by deprivation of oxygen and glucose in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro
443. Characterization of cortical spreading depression by imaging of intrinsic optical signals
444. Suppression of presynaptic calcium currents by hypoxia in hippocampal tissue slices
445. Spreading depression in elasmobranch cerebellum
446. Neuronal domains in developing neocortex: Mechanisms of coactivation
447. 2+ release from mitochondria