Probabilistic cumulative risk assessment of anti-androgenic pesticides in food

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 47, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2951-2962

  Müller, Anne Kirstine ^a   Bosgra, Sieto ^b   Boon, Polly E ^c   Voet, Hilko van der ^c   Nielsen, Elsa ^a   Ladefoged, Ole ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anti androgenic pesticides; Cumulative exposure; Probabilistic risk assessment; Prochloraz; Procymidone; Vinclozolin

Indexed keywords

PROCHLORAZ; PROCYMIDONE; VINCLOZOLIN;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; EFFECT SIZE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD SAFETY; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; NETHERLANDS; ORGAN WEIGHT; PROBABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEMINAL VESICLE; SPECIES COMPARISON; TOXICITY TESTING;

ANDROGEN ANTAGONISTS; ANIMALS; BICYCLO COMPOUNDS; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; IMIDAZOLES; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; ORGAN SIZE; OXAZOLES; PESTICIDES; PREGNANCY; RATS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEMINAL VESICLES;

RATTUS;

EID: 70449533084     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.039     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anonymous, 1998. Zo eet Nederland 1998. Resultaten van de voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997-1998 (Results of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 1997-1998). Voedingscentrum, Den Haag.
2. Berenbaum M.C. What is synergy?. Pharmacol. Rev. 41 (1989) 93-141
3. Birkhøj M., Nellemann C., Jarfelt K., Jacobsen H., Andersen H.R., Dalgaard M., and Vinggaard A.M. The combined antiandrogenic effects of five commonly used pesticides. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 201 (2004) 10-20
4. Bokkers B.G.H., and Slob W. Deriving a data-based interspecies assessment factor using the NOAEL and the benchmark dose approach. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 37 (2007) 355-373
5. Boon P.E., Svensson K., Moussavian S., van der Voet H., Petersen A., Ruprich J., Debegnach F., de Boer W.J., van Donkersgoed G., Brera C., van Klaveren J.D., and Busk L. Probabilistic acute dietary exposure assessments to captan and tolylfluanid using several European food consumption and pesticide concentration databases. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 (2009) 2890-2898
6. Boon P.E., Van der Voet H., and Van Klaveren J.D. Validation of a probabilistic model of dietary exposure to selected pesticides in Dutch infants. Food Addit. Contam. 20 Suppl. 1 (2003) S36-S49
7. Bosgra, S., 2008. The use of modelling and probabilistic methods in cumulative risk assessment. Ph.D Thesis. Utrecht University, The Netherlands. ISBN 978 90 393 4971 7. Available at .
8. Bosgra S., van der Voet H., Boon P.E., and Slob W. An Integrated Probabilistic Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment of Common Mechanism Chemicals in the Diet: An Example with Organophosphorus Pesticides. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 54 (2009) 124-133
9. Christiansen S., Scholze M., Axelstad M., Boberg J., Kortenkamp A., and Hass U. Combined exposure to anti-androgens causes markedly increased frequencies of hypospadias in the rat. Int. J. Androl. 31 (2008) 241-248
10. Dekkers S., de Heer C., and Rennen M.A. Critical effect sizes in toxicological risk assessment: a comprehensive and critical evaluation. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 10 (2001) 33-52
11. EC, 2001. Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Products of Plant Origin in the European Union, Norway and Iceland - 1999 Report. Brussels, European Union. Available at .
12. FAO, 2002. FAO Manual on the Submission and Evaluation of Pesticide Residues Data for the Estimation of Maximum Residue Levels in Food and Feed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Available at .
13. Foster P.M., and McIntyre B.S. Endocrine active agents: implications of adverse and non-adverse changes. Toxicol. Pathol. 30 (2002) 59-65
14. Gray Jr. L.E., Ostby J., Monosson E., and Kelce W.R. Environmental antiandrogens: low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin alter sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol. Ind. Health 15 (1999) 48-64
15. Gray Jr. L.E., Ostby J., Furr J., Wolf C.J., Lambright C., Parks L., Veeramachaneni D.N., Wilson V., Price M., Hotchkiss A., Orlando E., and Guillette L. Effects of environmental antiandrogens on reproductive development in experimental animals. Hum. Reprod. Update 7 (2001) 248-264
16. Gray Jr. L.E., Wilson V.S., Stoker T., Lambright C., Furr J., Noriega N., Howdeshell K., Ankley G.T., and Guillette L. Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals. Int. J. Androl. 29 (2006) 96-104
17. Hass U., Scholze M., Christiansen S., Dalgaard M., Vinggaard A.M., Axelstad M., Metzdorff S.B., and Kortenkamp A. Combined exposure to anti-androgens exacerbates disruption of sexual differentiation in the rat. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (2007) 122-128
18. Hellwig J., Van Ravenzwaay B., Mayer M., and Gembardt C. Pre- and postnatal oral toxicity of vinclozolin in Wistar and Long-Evans rats. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 42-50
19. Hotchkiss A.K., Parks-Saldutti L.G., Ostby J.S., Lambright C., Furr J., Vandenbergh J.G., and Gray Jr. L.E. A mixture of the "antiandrogens" linuron and butyl benzyl phthalate alters sexual differentiation of the male rat in a cumulative fashion. Biol. Reprod. 71 (2004) 1852-1861
20. JMPR, 1989. Procymidone. Pesticide Residues in Food: 1989 Evaluations Part II Toxicology. .
21. JMPR, 1995. Vinclozolin. Pesticide Residues in Food: 1995 Evaluations Part II Toxicological and Environmental. .
22. JMPR, 2001. Pesticide residues in food 2001. Toxicological Evaluations PROCHLORAZ. .
23. Kistemaker, C., Bouman, M., Hulshof, K.F.A.M., 1998. De consumptie van afzonderlijke producten door Nederlandse bevolkingsgroepen - Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997-1998 (Consumption of food products by Dutch population groups - Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 1997-1998) (TNO-report V98.812). TNO-Voeding, Zeist.
24. Kortenkamp A. Ten years of mixing cocktails: a review of combination effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (2007) 98-105
25. Laier P., Metzdorff S.B., Borch J., Hagen M.L., Hass U., Christiansen S., Axelstad M., Kledal T., Dalgaard M., McKinnell C., Brokken L.J., and Vinggaard A.M. Mechanisms of action underlying the antiandrogenic effects of the fungicide prochloraz. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 213 (2006) 160-171
26. Larsen, J.C., 2003. Combined Actions and Interactions of Chemicals in Mixtures. The Toxicological Effects of Exposure to Mixtures of Industrial and Environmental Chemicals. Danish Food and Veterinary Administration. FødevareRapport 2003: 12.
27. McIntyre B.S., Barlow N.J., and Foster P.M.D. Androgen-mediated development in male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: performance and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues. Toxicol. Sci. 62 (2001) 236-249
28. Mangelsdorf I., Buschmann J., and Orthen B. Some aspects relating to the evaluation of the effects of chemicals on male fertility. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 37 (2003) 356-369
29. Metzdorff S.B., Dalgaard M., Christiansen S., Axelstad M., Hass U., Kiersgaard M.K., Scholze M., Kortenkamp A., and Vinggaard A.M. Dysgenesis and histological changes of genitals and perturbations of gene expression in male rats after in utero exposure to antiandrogen mixtures. Toxicol. Sci. 98 (2007) 87-98
30. Nellemann C., Dalgaard M., Lam H.R., and Vinggaard A.M. The combined effects of vinclozolin and procymidone do not deviate from expected additivity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol. Sci. 71 (2003) 251-262
31. Noriega N.C., Ostby J., Lambright C., Wilson V.S., and Gray Jr. L.E. Late gestational exposure to the fungicide prochloraz delays the onset of parturition and causes reproductive malformations in male but not female rat offspring. Biol. Reprod. 72 (2005) 1324-1335
32. Ostby J., Kelce W.R., Lambright C., Wolf C.J., Mann P., and Gray Jr. L.E. The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol. Ind. Health 15 (1999) 80-93
33. Petersen B.J. Methodological aspects related to aggregate and cumulative exposures to contaminants with common mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicol. Lett. 140 (2003) 427-435
34. Rider C.V., Furr J., Wilson V.S., and Gray L.E. A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats. Int. J. Androl. 31 (2008) 249-262
35. Safe S.H. Hazard and risk assessment of chemical mixtures using the toxic equivalency factor approach. Environ. Health Perspect. 106 (1998) 1051-1058
36. Sharpe R.M. Pathways of endocrine disruption during male sexual differentiation and masculinization. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 20 (2006) 91-110
37. Slob W. Dose-response modeling of continuous endpoints. Toxicol. Sci. 66 (2002) 298-312
38. Slob W. Probabilistic dietary exposure assessment taking into account variability in both amount and frequency of consumption. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 (2006) 933-951
39. Slob W., and Pieters M.N. A probabilistic approach for deriving acceptable human intake limits and human health risks from toxicological studies: general framework. Risk Anal. 18 (1998) 787-798
40. U.S.EPA, 2000a. Supplementary Guidance for Conducting Heath Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures. Washington, DC, U.S.EPA. EPA/630/R-00/002.
41. U.S.EPA, 2000b. Assigning values to non-detected/non-quantified pesticide residues in human health food exposure assessments. Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Available at .
42. Van den Berg M., Birnbaum L., Bosveld A.T., Brunstrom B., Cook P., Feeley M., Giesy J.P., Hanberg A., Hasegawa R., Kennedy S.W., Kubiak T., Larsen J.C., Van Leeuwen F.X., Liem A.K., Nolt C., Peterson R.E., Poellinger L., Safe S., Schrenk D., Tillitt D., Tysklind M., Younes M., Waern F., and Zacharewski T. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ. Health Perspect. 106 (1998) 775-792
43. Van der Voet H., and Slob W. Integration of probabilistic exposure assessment and probabilistic hazard characterization. Risk Anal. 27 (2007) 351-371
44. Van der Voet H., van der Heijden G.W.A.M., Bos P.J.M., Bosgra S., Boon P.E., Muri S.D., and Brüschweiler B.J. A model for probabilistic health impact assessment of exposure to food chemicals. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 (2009) 2926-2940
45. Van Dooren, M.M.H., Boeijen, I., Van Klaveren, J.D., Van Donkersgoed, G., 1995. Conversie van consumeerbare voedingsmiddelen naar primaire agrarische produkten (Conversion of consumed foods into raw agricultural commodities) (95.17). RIKILT-DLO, Wageningen. Available at .
46. Van Klaveren, J.D., Noordam, M., Boon, P.E., Van Donkersgoed, G., Ossendorp, B.C., Van Raaij, M.T.M., Van Der Roest, J., 2006. Trends in normoverschrijdingen, overschrijdingen van de acute referentiewaarde en gesommeerde blootstelling (Trends in exceedances of the limit, acute reference dose and cumulative exposure) (2006.011). RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen. Available at .
47. Van Raaij, M.T.M., Ossendorp, B.C., Slob, W., Pieters, M.N., 2005. Cumulative Exposure to Cholinesterase Inhibiting Compounds: A Review of the Current Issues and Implication for Policy (320508001/2005). National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven. Available at .
48. Vinggaard A.M., Nellemann C., Dalgaard M., Jorgensen E.B., and Andersen H.R. Antiandrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo of the fungicide prochloraz. Toxicol. Sci. 69 (2002) 344-353
49. Welsh M., Saunders P.T.K., and Sharpe R.M. The critical time window for androgen-dependent development of the Wolffian duct in the rat. Endocrinology 148 (2007) 3185-3195
50. Wolf C.J., LeBlanc G.A., Ostby J.S., and Gray Jr. L.E. Characterization of the period of sensitivity of fetal male sexual development to vinclozolin. Toxicol. Sci. 55 (2000) 152-161