메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 178-194

Is segregation bad for your health?

Author keywords

Demography; Ethnic groups; Health status disparities; Public health; Social isolation; Socioeconomic factors; United States

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HUMAN; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 70350646102     PISSN: 0193936X     EISSN: 14786729     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxp001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (405)

References (165)
  • 1
    • 0001100929 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of fetal and infant mortality to residential segregation: An inquiry into social epidemiology
    • Yankauer A. The relationship of fetal and infant mortality to residential segregation: an inquiry into social epidemiology. Am Sociol Rev. 1950;15(5):644-648.
    • (1950) Am Sociol Rev , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 644-648
    • Yankauer, A.1
  • 2
    • 0035739965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health
    • Williams DR, Collins C. Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Rep. 2001;116(5):404-416.
    • (2001) Public Health Rep , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 404-416
    • Williams, D.R.1    Collins, C.2
  • 3
    • 34547569421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten largest racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States based on Healthy People 2010 Objectives
    • Keppel KG. Ten largest racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States based on Healthy People 2010 Objectives. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(1):97-103.
    • (2007) Am J Epidemiol , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-103
    • Keppel, K.G.1
  • 4
    • 0003564810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthy People 2010: Midcourse Review. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Accessed September 1, 2008)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy People 2010: Midcourse Review. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2007. (http://www.healthy people.gov/Data/midcourse/). (Accessed September 1, 2008).
    • (2007) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • 5
    • 0024156771 scopus 로고
    • The dimensions of residential segregation
    • Massey DS, Denton NA. The dimensions of residential segregation. Soc Forces. 1988;67(2):281-315.
    • (1988) Soc Forces , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-315
    • Massey, D.S.1    Denton, N.A.2
  • 6
    • 0004016351 scopus 로고
    • The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Glazer N, Moynihan DP. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1970.
    • (1970) Beyond the Melting Pot
    • Glazer, N.1    Moynihan, D.P.2
  • 7
    • 0032823355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and decline of the American ghetto
    • Cutler DM, Glaeser EL, Vigdor JL. The rise and decline of the American ghetto. J Polit Econ. 1999;107(3):455-506.
    • (1999) J Polit Econ , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 455-506
    • Cutler, D.M.1    Glaeser, E.L.2    Vigdor, J.L.3
  • 11
    • 0033924066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How segregation concentrates poverty
    • Massey DS, Fischer MJ. How segregation concentrates poverty. Ethn Racial Stud. 2000;23(4):670-691.
    • (2000) Ethn Racial Stud , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 670-691
    • Massey, D.S.1    Fischer, M.J.2
  • 13
    • 67149103374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blacks See Growing Values Gap Between Poor and Middle Class. Washington DC: Pew Research Center (Accessed August 2008)
    • Kohut A, Taylor P, Keeter S. Optimism About Black Progress Declines: Blacks See Growing Values Gap Between Poor and Middle Class. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center; 2007. (http://pewresearch.org/pubs/634/black-public-opinion). (Accessed August 2008).
    • (2007) Optimism about Black Progress Declines
    • Kohut, A.1    Taylor, P.2    Keeter, S.3
  • 14
    • 68949102389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involuntary segregation and the ghetto: Disconnecting process and place
    • Gans HJ. Involuntary segregation and the ghetto: disconnecting process and place. City Community. 2008;7(4): 353-357.
    • (2008) City Community , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-357
    • Gans, H.J.1
  • 16
    • 84869248931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final Report and Recommendations From the Metropolitan Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the Standards for Defining Metropolitan Areas. Washington, DC: US Federal Register (Accessed December 2007)
    • Office of Management and Budget. Final Report and Recommendations From the Metropolitan Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the Standards for Defining Metropolitan Areas. Washington, DC: US Federal Register; 2000. (http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/ fedreg/2000.html). (Accessed December 2007).
    • (2000) Office of Management and Budget
  • 17
    • 57149119263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Residential segregation and health-the complexity of modeling separate social contexts
    • Acevedo-Garcia D, Osypuk TL. Invited commentary: residential segregation and health-the complexity of modeling separate social contexts. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(11): 1255-1258.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , Issue.11 , pp. 1255-1258
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1    Osypuk, T.L.2
  • 18
    • 33847275579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and Racial Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas 1980-2000-the Dimensions of Segregation Revisited
    • Johnston R, Poulsen M, Forrest J. Ethnic and racial segregation in US metropolitan areas, 1980-2000-the dimensions of segregation revisited. Urban Aff Rev. 2007;42(4): 479-504.
    • (2007) Urban Aff Rev , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-504
    • Johnston, R.1    Poulsen, M.2    Forrest, J.3
  • 19
    • 0037371616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US)
    • Krieger N, Chen J, Waterman P, et al. Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57(3):186-199.
    • (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 186-199
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.2    Waterman, P.3
  • 20
    • 0034977779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the wrong side of the tracts? Evaluating the accuracy of geocoding in public health research
    • Krieger N, Waterman P, Lemieux K, et al. On the wrong side of the tracts? Evaluating the accuracy of geocoding in public health research. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(7): 1114-1116.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.7 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Krieger, N.1    Waterman, P.2    Lemieux, K.3
  • 21
    • 16244371325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of spatial segregation
    • Reardon SF, O?Sullivan D. Measures of spatial segregation. Sociol Methodol. 2004;34:121-162.
    • (2004) Sociol Methodol , vol.34 , pp. 121-162
    • Reardon, S.F.1    Osullivan, D.2
  • 22
    • 2442656299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing traditional and spatial segregation measures: A spatial scale perspective
    • Wong DWS. Comparing traditional and spatial segregation measures: a spatial scale perspective. Urban Geogr. 2004; 25(1):66-82.
    • (2004) Urban Geogr , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-82
    • Wong, D.W.S.1
  • 23
    • 58149460133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the census tract: Patterns and determinants of racial residential segregation at multiple scales
    • Lee BA, Reardon SF, Firebaugh G, et al. Beyond the census tract: patterns and determinants of racial residential segregation at multiple scales. Am Sociol Rev. 2008;73(5): 766-791.
    • (2008) Am Sociol Rev , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 766-791
    • Lee, B.A.1    Reardon, S.F.2    Firebaugh, G.3
  • 24
    • 21244466287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulating a general spatial segregation measure
    • Wong DW. Formulating a general spatial segregation measure. Prof Geogr. 2005;57(2):285-294.
    • (2005) Prof Geogr , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 285-294
    • Wong, D.W.1
  • 25
    • 0036382222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial measures of segregation and GIS
    • Wong DWS. Spatial measures of segregation and GIS. Urban Geogr. 2002;23(1):85-92.
    • (2002) Urban Geogr , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-92
    • Wong, D.W.S.1
  • 28
    • 33750452694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in low birthweight and the contribution of residential segregation: A multilevel analysis
    • Grady SC. Racial disparities in low birthweight and the contribution of residential segregation: a multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(12):3013-3029.
    • (2006) Soc Sci Med , vol.63 , Issue.12 , pp. 3013-3029
    • Grady, S.C.1
  • 29
    • 36348998616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation, nativity, and health: Reproductive health inequalities for immigrant and native-born black women in New York City
    • Grady SC, McLafferty S. Segregation, nativity, and health: reproductive health inequalities for immigrant and native-born black women in New York City. Urban Geogr. 2007; 28(4):377-397.
    • (2007) Urban Geogr , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-397
    • Grady, S.C.1    McLafferty, S.2
  • 30
    • 57049105804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-neighborhood migration and spatial assimilation in a multi-ethnic world: Comparing Latinos Blacks and Anglos
    • South SJ, Crowder K, Pais J. Inter-neighborhood migration and spatial assimilation in a multi-ethnic world: comparing Latinos, Blacks and Anglos. Soc Forces. 2008;87(1): 415-443.
    • (2008) Soc Forces , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 415-443
    • South, S.J.1    Crowder, K.2    Pais, J.3
  • 31
    • 0036420738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of multigroup segregation
    • Reardon SF, Firebaugh G. Measures of multigroup segregation. Sociol Methodol. 2002;32(1):33-67.
    • (2002) Sociol Methodol , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-67
    • Reardon, S.F.1    Firebaugh, G.2
  • 32
    • 0036428468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion: Segregation indices and their functional inputs
    • Grannis R. Discussion: segregation indices and their functional inputs. Sociol Methodol. 2002;32(1):69-84.
    • (2002) Sociol Methodol , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-84
    • Grannis, R.1
  • 34
    • 0030358014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Take the money and run: Economic segregation in US metropolitan areas
    • Jargowsky PA. Take the money and run: economic segregation in US metropolitan areas. Am Sociol Rev. 1996;61(6): 984-998.
    • (1996) Am Sociol Rev , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 984-998
    • Jargowsky, P.A.1
  • 35
    • 18844459184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood context and reproductive health
    • Culhane JF, Elo IT. Neighborhood context and reproductive health. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(5 suppl):S22-S29.
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.192 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
    • Culhane, J.F.1    Elo, I.T.2
  • 36
    • 0037308434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future directions in residential segregation and health research: A multilevel approach
    • Acevedo-Garcia D, Lochner KA, Osypuk TL, et al. Future directions in residential segregation and health research: a multilevel approach. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2): 215-221.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-221
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1    Lochner, K.A.2    Osypuk, T.L.3
  • 37
    • 14644408171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes
    • Pickett KE, Collins JW Jr, Masi CM, et al. The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(10):2229- 2238.
    • (2005) Soc Sci Med , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 2229-2238
    • Pickett, K.E.1    Jr C.Jw2    Masi, C.M.3
  • 38
    • 0003649571 scopus 로고
    • The Inner City the Underclass and Public Policy. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Wilson WJ. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1990.
    • (1990) The Truly Disadvantaged
    • Wilson, W.J.1
  • 39
    • 41749096785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a policy-relevant analysis of geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in child health
    • Acevedo-Garcia D, Osypuk TL, McArdle N, et al. Toward a policy-relevant analysis of geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in child health. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008; 27(2):321-333.
    • (2008) Health Aff (Millwood) , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-333
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1    Osypuk, T.L.2    McArdle, N.3
  • 40
    • 40449112219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic inequality in the duration of children?s exposure to neighborhood poverty and affluence
    • Timberlake JM. Racial and ethnic inequality in the duration of children?s exposure to neighborhood poverty and affluence. Soc Probl. 2007;54(3):319-342.
    • (2007) Soc Probl , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-342
    • Timberlake, J.M.1
  • 41
    • 0004181356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Quiet Reversal of Brown v. Board of Education. New York NY: New Press
    • Orfield G, Eaton SE. Dismantling Desegregation: The Quiet Reversal of Brown v. Board of Education. New York, NY: New Press; 1996.
    • (1996) Dismantling Desegregation
    • Orfield, G.1    Eaton, S.E.2
  • 42
    • 58749110840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, racial concentration, and the dynamics of educational inequality across urban and suburban schools
    • Lleras C. Race, racial concentration, and the dynamics of educational inequality across urban and suburban schools. Am Educ Res J. 2008;45(4):886-912.
    • (2008) Am Educ Res J , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 886-912
    • Lleras, C.1
  • 43
    • 35648966471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap
    • Card D, Rothstein J. Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap. J Public Econ. 2007;91(11-12): 2158-2184.
    • (2007) J Public Econ , vol.91 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 2158-2184
    • Card, D.1    Rothstein, J.2
  • 44
    • 26044453475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geography of opportunity and unemployment: An integrated model of residential segregation and spatial mismatch
    • Howell-Moroney M. The geography of opportunity and unemployment: an integrated model of residential segregation and spatial mismatch. J Urban Aff. 2005;27(4):353-377.
    • (2005) J Urban Aff , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-377
    • Howell-Moroney, M.1
  • 45
    • 0037390473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Providing affordable family housing and reducing residential segregation by income. A systematic review
    • Anderson LM, Charles JS, Fullilove MT, et al. Providing affordable family housing and reducing residential segregation by income. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003; 24(3 suppl):47-67.
    • (2003) Am J Prev Med , vol.24 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 47-67
    • Anderson, L.M.1    Charles, J.S.2    Fullilove, M.T.3
  • 46
    • 0031414087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are ghettos good or bad?
    • Cutler DM, Glaeser EL. Are ghettos good or bad? Q J Econ. 1997;112(3):827-872.
    • (1997) Q J Econ , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 827-872
    • Cutler, D.M.1    Glaeser, E.L.2
  • 47
    • 34848849305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black employment, segregation, and the social organization of metropolitan labor markets
    • Dickerson NT. Black employment, segregation, and the social organization of metropolitan labor markets. Econ Geogr. 2007;83(3):283-307.
    • (2007) Econ Geogr , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-307
    • Dickerson, N.T.1
  • 48
    • 20444432331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, space, and unemployment duration
    • Dawkins CJ, Shen Q, Sanchez TW. Race, space, and unemployment duration. J Urban Econ. 2005;58(1):91-113.
    • (2005) J Urban Econ , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-113
    • Dawkins, C.J.1    Shen, Q.2    Sanchez, T.W.3
  • 49
    • 44549084541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of residential segregation and its correlates on ethnic enterprise in urban areas
    • Fairchild GB. The influence of residential segregation and its correlates on ethnic enterprise in urban areas. J Bus Venturing. 2008;23(5):513-527.
    • (2008) J Bus Venturing , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-527
    • Fairchild, G.B.1
  • 50
    • 35348969441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment
    • Fairchild GB. Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment. J Bus Venturing. 2008;23(1):46-74.
    • (2008) J Bus Venturing , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-74
    • Fairchild, G.B.1
  • 51
    • 0037843256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline of male employment in low-income black neighborhoods, 1950-1990
    • Quillian L. The decline of male employment in low-income black neighborhoods, 1950-1990. Soc Sci Res. 2003;32(2): 220-250.
    • (2003) Soc Sci Res. , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 220-250
    • Quillian, L.1
  • 52
    • 56449100656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, segregation, and postal employment: New evidence on spatial mismatch
    • Boustan LP, Margo RA. Race, segregation, and postal employment: new evidence on spatial mismatch. J Urban Econ. 2009;65(1):1-10.
    • (2009) J Urban Econ , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Boustan, L.P.1    Margo, R.A.2
  • 53
    • 0037679170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in U.S. urban areas, 1970-2000
    • Fischer MJ. The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in U.S. urban areas, 1970-2000. Urban Aff Rev. 2003;38:669-696.
    • (2003) Urban Aff Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 669-696
    • Fischer, M.J.1
  • 54
    • 43049144304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does race matter in the search for housing? An exploratory study of search strategies, experiences, and locations
    • Krysan M. Does race matter in the search for housing? An exploratory study of search strategies, experiences, and locations. Soc Sci Res. 2008;37(2):581-603.
    • (2008) Soc Sci Res , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 581-603
    • Krysan, M.1
  • 55
    • 0035096514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of black English and racial discrimination in urban housing markets-new methods and findings
    • Massey DS, Lundy G. Use of black English and racial discrimination in urban housing markets-new methods and findings. Urban Aff Rev. 2001;36(4):452-469.
    • (2001) Urban Aff Rev , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 452-469
    • Massey, D.S.1    Lundy, G.2
  • 56
    • 33846185105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case study of mortgage refinancing discrimination: African American in-tergenerational wealth
    • Hodge ME, Dawkins MC, Reeves JH. A case study of mortgage refinancing discrimination: African American in-tergenerational wealth. Sociol Inq. 2007;77(1):23-43.
    • (2007) Sociol Inq , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Hodge, M.E.1    Dawkins, M.C.2    Reeves, J.H.3
  • 57
    • 70450260025 scopus 로고
    • The effect of residential segregation on black social and economic well-being
    • Massey DS, Condran GA. The effect of residential segregation on black social and economic well-being. Popul Index. 1986;52(3):429.
    • (1986) Popul Index , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 429
    • Massey, D.S.1    Condran, G.A.2
  • 58
    • 0034311085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How segregated are middle-class African Americans?
    • Alba RD, Logan JR, Stults BJ. How segregated are middle-class African Americans? Soc Probl. 2000;47(4):543-558.
    • (2000) Soc Probl , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 543-558
    • Alba, R.D.1    Logan, J.R.2    Stults, B.J.3
  • 59
    • 0002076035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial residential segregation and the concentration of low-and high-income households in the 45 largest U.S. metropolitan areas
    • Darden JT, Bagaka?s JG, Ji SJ. Racial residential segregation and the concentration of low-and high-income households in the 45 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. J Dev Soc. 1997;13(2): 171-194.
    • (1997) J Dev Soc , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-194
    • Darden, J.T.1    Bagakas, J.G.2    Ji, S.J.3
  • 60
    • 34848873111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and representing ?place? in health research: A relational approach
    • Cummins S, Curtis S, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Understanding and representing ?place? in health research: a relational approach. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(9):1825-1838.
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med , vol.65 , Issue.9 , pp. 1825-1838
    • Cummins, S.1    Curtis, S.2    Diez-Roux, A.V.3
  • 61
    • 0034756236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health
    • Diez Roux AV. Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(11): 1783-1789.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.11 , pp. 1783-1789
    • Diez Roux, A.V.1
  • 62
    • 34848899831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward the next generation of research into small area effects on health: A synthesis of multilevel investigations published since July 1998
    • Riva M, Gauvin L, Barnett TA. Toward the next generation of research into small area effects on health: a synthesis of multilevel investigations published since July 1998. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(10):853-861.
    • (2007) J Epidemiol Community Health. , vol.61 , Issue.10 , pp. 853-861
    • Riva, M.1    Gauvin, L.2    Barnett, T.A.3
  • 63
    • 1542358740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: Causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology
    • Oakes JM. The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(10):1929-1952.
    • (2004) Soc Sci Med , vol.58 , Issue.10 , pp. 1929-1952
    • Oakes, J.M.1
  • 64
    • 35348881468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and segregation
    • O?Flaherty B, Sethi R. Crime and segregation. J Econ Behav Organ. 2007;64(3-4):391-405.
    • (2007) J Econ Behav Organ , vol.64 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 391-405
    • Oflaherty, B.1    Sethi, R.2
  • 65
    • 84859695716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural inequality and homicide: An assessment of the black-white gap in killings
    • Velez MB, Krivo LJ, Peterson RD. Structural inequality and homicide: an assessment of the black-white gap in killings. Criminology. 2003;41(3):645-672.
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 645-672
    • Velez, M.B.1    Krivo, L.J.2    Peterson, R.D.3
  • 66
    • 0027743090 scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and black urban homicide
    • Peterson RD, Krivo LJ. Racial segregation and black urban homicide. Soc Forces. 1993;71(4):1001-1026.
    • (1993) Soc Forces , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 1001-1026
    • Peterson, R.D.1    Krivo, L.J.2
  • 67
    • 70450282000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation and youth criminal violence: A review and agenda
    • White S, ed Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Peterson RD, Krivo LJ, Velez MB. Segregation and youth criminal violence: a review and agenda. In: White S, ed. Handbook of Youth and Justice. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001:277-286.
    • (2001) Handbook of Youth and Justice , pp. 277-286
    • Peterson, R.D.1    Krivo, L.J.2    Velez, M.B.3
  • 68
    • 0030432194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation and crime: The effect of black social isolation on the rates of black urban violence
    • Shihadeh ES, Flynn N. Segregation and crime: the effect of black social isolation on the rates of black urban violence. Soc Forces. 1996;74(4):1325- 1352.
    • (1996) Soc Forces , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 1325-1352
    • Shihadeh, E.S.1    Flynn, N.2
  • 69
    • 33644829091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk in low-income women
    • Mobley LR, Root ED, Finkelstein EA, et al. Environment, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk in low-income women. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(4):327-332.
    • (2006) Am J Prev Med , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-332
    • Mobley, L.R.1    Root, E.D.2    Finkelstein, E.A.3
  • 70
    • 0344201497 scopus 로고
    • Fear of crime and satisfaction among elderly public housing residents: The impact of residential segregation
    • Normoyle JB. Fear of crime and satisfaction among elderly public housing residents: the impact of residential segregation. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 1987;8(3):193-207.
    • (1987) Basic Appl Soc Psych , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-207
    • Normoyle, J.B.1
  • 71
    • 0041181131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
    • Steffensmeier D, Ulmer J, Kramer J. The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: the punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology. 1998;36(4): 763-797.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 763-797
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Ulmer, J.2    Kramer, J.3
  • 72
    • 28444459941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and property crime: Examining the mediating effect of police strength
    • Akins S. Racial segregation and property crime: examining the mediating effect of police strength. Justice Q. 2003; 20(4):675-695.
    • (2003) Justice Q , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-695
    • Akins, S.1
  • 73
    • 34548409216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioemotional effects of fathers? incarceration on low-income, urban, school-aged children
    • Wilbur MB, Marani JE, Appugliese D, et al. Socioemotional effects of fathers? incarceration on low-income, urban, school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):e678-e685.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , Issue.3
    • Wilbur, M.B.1    Marani, J.E.2    Appugliese, D.3
  • 74
    • 0034152347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome after previous stillbirth resulting from causes other than maternal conditions and fetal abnormalities
    • Heinonen S, Kirkinen P. Pregnancy outcome after previous stillbirth resulting from causes other than maternal conditions and fetal abnormalities. Birth. 2000;27(1):33-37.
    • (2000) Birth , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-37
    • Heinonen, S.1    Kirkinen, P.2
  • 75
    • 0035038822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: Neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992
    • Acevedo-Garcia D. Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(5): 734-741.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health. , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 734-741
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1
  • 76
    • 0034676259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation and the epidemiology of infectious diseases
    • Acevedo-Garcia D. Residential segregation and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51(8): 1143-1161.
    • (2000) Soc Sci Med , vol.51 , Issue.8 , pp. 1143-1161
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1
  • 77
  • 78
    • 0041696630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social structure, race, and gonorrhea rates in the southeastern United States
    • Thomas JC, Gaffield ME. Social structure, race, and gonorrhea rates in the southeastern United States. Ethn Dis. 2003; 13(3):362-368.
    • (2003) Ethn Dis , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-368
    • Thomas, J.C.1    Gaffield, M.E.2
  • 79
    • 33644776588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separate and unequal: Residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas
    • Morello-Frosch R, Jesdale BM. Separate and unequal: residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(3):386-393.
    • (2006) Environ Health Perspect , vol.114 , Issue.3 , pp. 386-393
    • Morello-Frosch, R.1    Jesdale, B.M.2
  • 80
    • 33747874787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The riskscape and the color line: Examining the role of segregation in environmental health disparities
    • Morello-Frosch R, Lopez R. The riskscape and the color line: examining the role of segregation in environmental health disparities. Environ Res. 2006;102(2):181-196.
    • (2006) Environ Res , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-196
    • Morello-Frosch, R.1    Lopez, R.2
  • 81
    • 0033143293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial inequality and the distribution of industrial toxic releases: Evidence from the 1990
    • Daniels G, Friedman S. Spatial inequality and the distribution of industrial toxic releases: evidence from the 1990 TRI. Soc Sci Q. 1999;80(2):244-262.
    • (1999) TRI Soc Sci Q. , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-262
    • Daniels, G.1    Friedman, S.2
  • 82
    • 34547439656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US metropolitan-area variation in environmental inequality outcomes
    • Downey L. US metropolitan-area variation in environmental inequality outcomes. Urban Stud. 2007;44(5-6):953-977.
    • (2007) Urban Stud , vol.44 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 953-977
    • Downey, L.1
  • 83
    • 36049011056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparities in the availability of fruits and vegetables between racially segregated urban neighbourhoods
    • Morland K, Filomena S. Disparities in the availability of fruits and vegetables between racially segregated urban neighbourhoods. Public Health Nutrition. 2007;10(12): 1481-1489.
    • (2007) Public Health Nutrition , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 1481-1489
    • Morland, K.1    Filomena, S.2
  • 84
    • 0036137504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places
    • Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A, et al. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22(1):23-29.
    • (2002) Am J Prev Med , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Morland, K.1    Wing, S.2    Diez Roux, A.3
  • 85
    • 15744373541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit
    • Zenk SN, Schulz AJ, Israel BA, et al. Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(4):660-667.
    • (2005) Am J Public Health , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 660-667
    • Zenk, S.N.1    Schulz, A.J.2    Israel, B.A.3
  • 86
    • 33744979994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit and vegetable access differs by community racial composition and socio-economic position in Detroit Michigan
    • Zenk SN, Schulz AJ, Israel BA, et al. Fruit and vegetable access differs by community racial composition and socio-economic position in Detroit, Michigan. Ethn Dis. 2006; 16(1):275-280.
    • (2006) Ethn Dis , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 275-280
    • Zenk, S.N.1    Schulz, A.J.2    Israel, B.A.3
  • 87
    • 0033998850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the study of race, racism, and health: A shift from description to explanation
    • LaVeist TA. On the study of race, racism, and health: a shift from description to explanation. Int J Health Serv. 2000; 30(1):217-219.
    • (2000) Int J Health Serv , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 217-219
    • Laveist, T.A.1
  • 88
    • 0035850010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease
    • Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Arnett D, et al. Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2):99-106.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Diez Roux, A.V.1    Merkin, S.S.2    Arnett, D.3
  • 89
    • 67650720726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic life environments and coronary heart disease: A literature review, theoretical contributions, methodological updates, and a research agenda
    • Advance Access: January 14, 2009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308. 100158
    • Chaix B. Geographic life environments and coronary heart disease: a literature review, theoretical contributions, methodological updates, and a research agenda. Annu Rev Public Health. Advance Access: January 14, 2009. (DOI: 10.1146/ annurev.publhealth.031308.100158).
    • Annu Rev Public Health
    • Chaix, B.1
  • 90
    • 32144463130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food environments and obesity-neighbourhood or nation?
    • Cummins S, Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity-neighbourhood or nation? Int J Epidemiol. 2006; 35(1):100-104.
    • (2006) Int J Epidemiol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-104
    • Cummins, S.1    MacIntyre, S.2
  • 91
    • 0034828828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting physician provision of preventive care to Medicaid children
    • Adams EK. Factors affecting physician provision of preventive care to Medicaid children. Health Care Financ Rev. 2001;22(4):9-26.
    • (2001) Health Care Financ Rev , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 9-26
    • Adams, E.K.1
  • 92
    • 0028340964 scopus 로고
    • Effect of increased Medicaid fees on physician participation and enrollee service utilization in Tennessee, 1985-1988
    • Adams EK. Effect of increased Medicaid fees on physician participation and enrollee service utilization in Tennessee, 1985-1988. Inquiry. 1994;31(2):173-187.
    • (1994) Inquiry , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-187
    • Adams, E.K.1
  • 93
    • 0030871994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstetricians' receptiveness to teen prenatal patients who are medicaid recipients
    • Gifford B. Obstetricians? receptiveness to teen prenatal patients who are Medicaid recipients. Health Serv Res. 1997; 32(3):265-282. (Pubitemid 27327233)
    • (1997) Health Services Research , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-282
    • Gifford, B.1
  • 94
    • 33744950467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, segregation, and physicians? participation in Medicaid
    • Greene J, Blustein J, Weitzman BC. Race, segregation, and physicians? participation in Medicaid. Milbank Q. 2006; 84(2):239-272.
    • (2006) Milbank Q , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-272
    • Greene, J.1    Blustein, J.2    Weitzman, B.C.3
  • 95
    • 0004272517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York NY: Simon & Schuster
    • Putnam RD. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 2000.
    • (2000) Bowling Alone
    • Putnam, R.D.1
  • 97
    • 0033378348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital and community effects on population and individual health
    • Kawachi I. Social capital and community effects on population and individual health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896: 120-130.
    • (1999) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.896 , pp. 120-130
    • Kawachi, I.1
  • 98
    • 0742311459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital and racial inequality in America
    • Hero RE. Social capital and racial inequality in America. Perspect Polit. 2003;1:113-122.
    • (2003) Perspect Polit , vol.1 , pp. 113-122
    • Hero, R.E.1
  • 99
    • 4043123895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the city: Neighborhood context and the development of generalized trust
    • Marschall MJ, Stolle D. Race and the city: neighborhood context and the development of generalized trust. Polit Behav. 2004;26(2):125-153.
    • (2004) Polit Behav , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-153
    • Marschall, M.J.1    Stolle, D.2
  • 103
    • 33750491631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth outcomes among urban African-American women: A multilevel analysis of the role of racial residential segregation
    • Bell JF, Zimmerman FJ, Almgren GR, et al. Birth outcomes among urban African-American women: a multilevel analysis of the role of racial residential segregation. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(12):3030-3045.
    • (2006) Soc Sci Med , vol.63 , Issue.12 , pp. 3030-3045
    • Bell, J.F.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    Almgren, G.R.3
  • 104
    • 0027354285 scopus 로고
    • Segregation, poverty, and empowerment: Health consequences for African Americans
    • Laveist TA. Segregation, poverty, and empowerment: health consequences for African Americans. Milbank Q. 1993; 71(1):41-64.
    • (1993) Milbank Q , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-64
    • Laveist, T.A.1
  • 105
    • 84936526764 scopus 로고
    • The political empowerment and health-status of African-Americans-mapping a new territory
    • Laveist TA. The political empowerment and health-status of African-Americans-mapping a new territory. AJS. 1992; 97(4):1080-1095.
    • (1992) AJS , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 1080-1095
    • Laveist, T.A.1
  • 106
    • 42749087179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and neighborhood differences in diet among low-income foreign and US-born women
    • Dubowitz T, Subramanian SV, Acevedo-Garcia D, et al. Individual and neighborhood differences in diet among low-income foreign and US-born women. Womens Health Issues. 2008;18(3):181-190.
    • (2008) Womens Health Issues , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-190
    • Dubowitz, T.1    Subramanian, S.V.2    Acevedo-Garcia, D.3
  • 107
    • 34250715327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black-white residential segregation and physical activity
    • Lopez R. Black-white residential segregation and physical activity. Ethn Dis. 2006;16(2):495-502.
    • (2006) Ethn Dis , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 495-502
    • Lopez, R.1
  • 108
    • 34248359107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between residential segregation and smoking during pregnancy among urban African-American women
    • Bell JF, Zimmerman FJ, Mayer JD, et al. Associations between residential segregation and smoking during pregnancy among urban African-American women. J Urban Health. 2007;84(3):372-388.
    • (2007) J Urban Health , vol.84 , Issue.3 , pp. 372-388
    • Bell, J.F.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    Mayer, J.D.3
  • 109
    • 38449089670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception and interconception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant-Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) United States 26 reporting areas 2004
    • D?Angelo D, Williams L, Morrow B, et al. Preconception and interconception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant-Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 26 reporting areas, 2004. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007;56(10):1-35.
    • (2007) MMWR Surveill Summ. , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1-35
    • Dangelo, D.1    Williams, L.2    Morrow, B.3
  • 110
    • 10944266498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental health disparities: A framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts
    • Gee GC, Payne-Sturges DC. Environmental health disparities: a framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(17): 1645-1653.
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , Issue.17 , pp. 1645-1653
    • Gee, G.C.1    Payne-Sturges, D.C.2
  • 111
    • 0035462803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social context, stressors, and disparities in women?s health
    • Schulz A, Parker E, Israel DB, et al. Social context, stressors, and disparities in women?s health. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2001;56(4):143-149.
    • (2001) J Am Med Womens Assoc , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 143-149
    • Schulz, A.1    Parker, E.2    Israel, D.B.3
  • 112
    • 0034267688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unfair treatment, neighborhood effects, and mental health in the Detroit metropolitan area
    • Schulz A, Williams D, Israel B, et al. Unfair treatment, neighborhood effects, and mental health in the Detroit metropolitan area. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41(3): 314-332.
    • (2000) J Health Soc Behav , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-332
    • Schulz, A.1    Williams, D.2    Israel, B.3
  • 113
    • 0033386992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism and health: Segregation and causes of death amenable to medical intervention in major U.S. cities
    • Collins CA. Racism and health: segregation and causes of death amenable to medical intervention in major U.S. cities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:396-398.
    • (1999) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.896 , pp. 396-398
    • Collins, C.A.1
  • 114
    • 0026878817 scopus 로고
    • The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: Evidence and speculations
    • Geronimus AT. The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: evidence and speculations. Ethn Dis. 1992;2(3):207-221.
    • (1992) Ethn Dis , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-221
    • Geronimus, A.T.1
  • 115
    • 0037218317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine
    • McEwen BS, Wingfield JC. The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Horm Behav. 2003;43(1):2-15.
    • (2003) Horm Behav , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-15
    • McEwen, B.S.1    Wingfield, J.C.2
  • 116
    • 0035881171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: "race," racism, and the practice of epidemiology
    • discussion 305-306
    • Jones CP. Invited commentary: "race," racism, and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(4): 299-304; discussion 305-306.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.154 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-304
    • Jones, C.P.1
  • 117
    • 9644265486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very low birth-weight in African American infants: The role of maternal exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination
    • Collins JW Jr, David RJ, Handler A, et al. Very low birth-weight in African American infants: the role of maternal exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(12):2132-2138.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , Issue.12 , pp. 2132-2138
    • Collins Jr, J.W.1    David, R.J.2    Handler, A.3
  • 118
    • 0031949221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American mothers? perception of their residential environment, stressful life events, and very low birthweight
    • Collins JW Jr, David RJ, Symons R, et al. African-American mothers? perception of their residential environment, stressful life events, and very low birthweight. Epidemiology. 1998;9(3):286-289.
    • (1998) Epidemiology , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 286-289
    • Collins Jr, J.W.1    David, R.J.2    Symons, R.3
  • 119
    • 49549108907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People like us: Ethnic group density effects on health
    • Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG. People like us: ethnic group density effects on health. Ethn Health. 2008;13(4):321-334.
    • (2008) Ethn Health , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-334
    • Pickett, K.E.1    Wilkinson, R.G.2
  • 120
    • 0024855982 scopus 로고
    • Hypersegregation in United-States metropolitan areas-black and Hispanic segregation along 5 dimensions
    • Massey DS, Denton NA. Hypersegregation in United-States metropolitan areas-black and Hispanic segregation along 5 dimensions. Demography. 1989;26(3):373-391.
    • (1989) Demography , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-391
    • Massey, D.S.1    Denton, N.A.2
  • 121
    • 44449095650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are racial disparities in preterm birth larger in hypersegregated areas?
    • Osypuk TL, Acevedo-Garcia D. Are racial disparities in preterm birth larger in hypersegregated areas? Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(11):1295-1304.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.167 , Issue.11 , pp. 1295-1304
    • Osypuk, T.L.1    Acevedo-Garcia, D.2
  • 122
    • 33748202541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation and Latino, black and white mortality in New York City
    • Inagami S, Borrell LN, Wong MD, et al. Residential segregation and Latino, black and white mortality in New York City. J Urban Health. 2006;83(3):406-420.
    • (2006) J Urban Health , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 406-420
    • Inagami, S.1    Borrell, L.N.2    Wong, M.D.3
  • 123
    • 0035739895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between premature mortality and socioeconomic factors in black and white populations of US metropolitan areas
    • Cooper RS, Kennelly JF, Durazo-Arvizu R, et al. Relationship between premature mortality and socioeconomic factors in black and white populations of US metropolitan areas. Public Health Rep. 2001;116(5):464-473.
    • (2001) Public Health Rep , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 464-473
    • Cooper, R.S.1    Kennelly, J.F.2    Durazo-Arvizu, R.3
  • 124
    • 0032537863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation and mortality in New York City
    • Fang J, Madhavan S, Bosworth W, et al. Residential segregation and mortality in New York City. Soc Sci Med. 1998; 47(4):469-476.
    • (1998) Soc Sci Med , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 469-476
    • Fang, J.1    Madhavan, S.2    Bosworth, W.3
  • 125
    • 0031990767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of race and socioeconomic distress: Infant and working-age mortality in Chicago
    • Guest AM, Almgren G, Hussey JM. The ecology of race and socioeconomic distress: infant and working-age mortality in Chicago. Demography. 1998;35(1):23-34.
    • (1998) Demography , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Guest, A.M.1    Almgren, G.2    Hussey, J.M.3
  • 126
    • 0031969472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans
    • Hart KD, Kunitz SJ, Sell RR, et al. Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(3):434-438.
    • (1998) Am J Public Health , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 434-438
    • Hart, K.D.1    Kunitz, S.J.2    Sell, R.R.3
  • 127
    • 0028824937 scopus 로고
    • Separate black and white infant mortality models: Differences in the importance of structural variables
    • Bird ST. Separate black and white infant mortality models: differences in the importance of structural variables. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(11):1507-1512.
    • (1995) Soc Sci Med , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 1507-1512
    • Bird, S.T.1
  • 128
    • 0027733596 scopus 로고
    • Poverty, residential segregation, and black/ white mortality ratios in urban areas
    • Polednak AP. Poverty, residential segregation, and black/ white mortality ratios in urban areas. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1993;4(4):363-373.
    • (1993) J Health Care Poor Underserved , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-373
    • Polednak, A.P.1
  • 129
    • 0026341182 scopus 로고
    • Black-white differences in infant mortality in 38 standard metropolitan statistical areas
    • Polednak AP. Black-white differences in infant mortality in 38 standard metropolitan statistical areas. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(11):1480-1482.
    • (1991) Am J Public Health , vol.81 , Issue.11 , pp. 1480-1482
    • Polednak, A.P.1
  • 130
    • 56149120486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place matters: Variation in the black/ white very preterm birth rate across US metropolitan areas, 2002-2004
    • Kramer MR, Hogue CR. Place matters: variation in the black/ white very preterm birth rate across US metropolitan areas, 2002-2004. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(5):576-585.
    • (2008) Public Health Rep. , vol.123 , Issue.5 , pp. 576-585
    • Kramer, M.R.1    Hogue, C.R.2
  • 131
    • 33846912536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation and injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in US metropolitan areas
    • Cooper HL, Friedman SR, Tempalski B, et al. Residential segregation and injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in US metropolitan areas. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97(2):344-352.
    • (2007) Am J Public Health , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 344-352
    • Cooper, H.L.1    Friedman, S.R.2    Tempalski, B.3
  • 132
    • 1642443269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and county level intentional injury in Pennsylvania: Analysis of hospital discharge data for 1997-1999
    • Fabio A, Li W, Strotmeyer S, et al. Racial segregation and county level intentional injury in Pennsylvania: analysis of hospital discharge data for 1997-1999. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(4):346-351.
    • (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health. , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 346-351
    • Fabio, A.1    Li, W.2    Strotmeyer, S.3
  • 133
    • 0141653838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in rates of knee arthroplasty among Medicare patients
    • Skinner J, Weinstein JN, Sporer SM, et al. Racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in rates of knee arthroplasty among Medicare patients. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(14): 1350-1359.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , Issue.14 , pp. 1350-1359
    • Skinner, J.1    Weinstein, J.N.2    Sporer, S.M.3
  • 134
    • 42449086768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and disparities in cancer stage for seniors
    • Haas JS, Earle CC, Orav JE, et al. Racial segregation and disparities in cancer stage for seniors. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(5):699-705.
    • (2008) J Gen Intern Med , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 699-705
    • Haas, J.S.1    Earle, C.C.2    Orav, J.E.3
  • 135
    • 36849032794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes in less segregated communities
    • Vinikoor LC, Kaufman JS, MacLehose RF, et al. Effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes in less segregated communities. Soc Sci Med. 2008; 66(2):255-259.
    • (2008) Soc Sci Med , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-259
    • Vinikoor, L.C.1    Kaufman, J.S.2    MacLehose, R.F.3
  • 136
    • 36348961247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population
    • Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Piotrowski ZH, et al. Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(12):2440-2457.
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 2440-2457
    • Masi, C.M.1    Hawkley, L.C.2    Piotrowski, Z.H.3
  • 137
    • 0007254854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is segregation bad for your health? the case of low birth weight
    • Ellen IG. Is segregation bad for your health? The case of low birth weight. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs. 2000:203-229. (http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/brookings-wharton-papers-on-urban-affairs/v2000/ 2000.1ellen.html).
    • (2000) Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs , pp. 203-229
    • Ellen, I.G.1
  • 138
    • 34249895925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood context and ethnicity differences in body mass index: A multilevel analysis using the NHANES III survey (1988-1994)
    • Do DP, Dubowitz T, Bird CE, et al. Neighborhood context and ethnicity differences in body mass index: a multilevel analysis using the NHANES III survey (1988-1994). Econ Hum Biol. 2007;5(2):179-203.
    • (2007) Econ Hum Biol. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-203
    • Do, D.P.1    Dubowitz, T.2    Bird, C.E.3
  • 139
    • 33745846391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial residential segregation and weight status among US adults
    • Chang VW. Racial residential segregation and weight status among US adults. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(5):1289-1303.
    • (2006) Soc Sci Med , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 1289-1303
    • Chang, V.W.1
  • 140
    • 33745626855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth outcomes for teenage women in New South Wales, 1998-2003
    • Robson S, Cameron CA, Roberts CL. Birth outcomes for teenage women in New South Wales, 1998-2003. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;46(4):305-310.
    • (2006) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-310
    • Robson, S.1    Cameron, C.A.2    Roberts, C.L.3
  • 141
    • 31644449926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological impact of stillbirth on fathers in the subsequent pregnancy and puerperium
    • Turton P, Badenhorst W, Hughes P, et al. Psychological impact of stillbirth on fathers in the subsequent pregnancy and puerperium. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:165-172.
    • (2006) Br J Psychiatry , vol.188 , pp. 165-172
    • Turton, P.1    Badenhorst, W.2    Hughes, P.3
  • 142
    • 15944429369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial residential segregation and geographic heterogeneity in black/white disparity in poor self-rated health in the US: A multilevel statistical analysis
    • Subramanian SV, Acevedo-Garcia D, Osypuk TL. Racial residential segregation and geographic heterogeneity in black/white disparity in poor self-rated health in the US: a multilevel statistical analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(8): 1667-1679.
    • (2005) Soc Sci Med , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 1667-1679
    • Subramanian, S.V.1    Acevedo-Garcia, D.2    Osypuk, T.L.3
  • 143
    • 57149091741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of racial residential segregation on black infant mortality
    • Hearst MO, Oakes JM, Johnson PJ. The effect of racial residential segregation on black infant mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(11):1247-1254.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , Issue.11 , pp. 1247-1254
    • Hearst, M.O.1    Oakes, J.M.2    Johnson, P.J.3
  • 144
    • 0345759886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and longevity among African Americans: An individual-level analysis
    • LaVeist TA. Racial segregation and longevity among African Americans: an individual-level analysis. Health Serv Res. 2003;38(6):1719-1733.
    • (2003) Health Serv Res , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1719-1733
    • Laveist, T.A.1
  • 145
    • 0034023843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of residential segregation to all-cause mortality: A study in black and white
    • Jackson SA, Anderson RT, Johnson NJ, et al. The relation of residential segregation to all-cause mortality: a study in black and white. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(4):615-617.
    • (2000) Am J Public Health , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-617
    • Jackson, S.A.1    Anderson, R.T.2    Johnson, N.J.3
  • 146
    • 0031510616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and mortality in the United States: Individual and community correlates
    • LeClere FB, Rogers RG, Peters KD. Ethnicity and mortality in the United States: individual and community correlates. Soc Forces. 1997;76(1):169-198.
    • (1997) Soc Forces , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 169-198
    • Leclere, F.B.1    Rogers, R.G.2    Peters, K.D.3
  • 147
    • 0031693090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood context and the risk of childbearing among metropolitan-area black adolescents
    • Sucoff CA, Upchurch DM. Neighborhood context and the risk of childbearing among metropolitan-area black adolescents. Am Sociol Rev. 1998;63(4):571-585.
    • (1998) Am Sociol Rev , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 571-585
    • Sucoff, C.A.1    Upchurch, D.M.2
  • 148
    • 34247186419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geography matters: Relationships among urban residential segregation, dialysis facilities, and patient outcomes
    • Rodriguez RA, Sen S, Mehta K, et al. Geography matters: relationships among urban residential segregation, dialysis facilities, and patient outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2007; 146(7):493-501.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , Issue.7 , pp. 493-501
    • Rodriguez, R.A.1    Sen, S.2    Mehta, K.3
  • 149
    • 0029865667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in US urban black infant mortality, by degree of residential segregation
    • Polednak AP. Trends in US urban black infant mortality, by degree of residential segregation. Am J Public Health. 1996; 86(5):723-726.
    • (1996) Am J Public Health , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 723-726
    • Polednak, A.P.1
  • 150
    • 45449097875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediating medical risk factors in the residential segregation and low birthweight relationship by race in New York City
    • Grady SC, Ramirez IJ. Mediating medical risk factors in the residential segregation and low birthweight relationship by race in New York City. Health Place. 2008;14(4):661-677.
    • (2008) Health Place , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 661-677
    • Grady, S.C.1    Ramirez, I.J.2
  • 151
    • 37349106115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forty year "first step": The fair housing act as an incomplete tool to suburban integration
    • Larkin BP. The forty year "first step": the fair housing act as an incomplete tool to suburban integration. Columbia Law Rev. 2007;107(7):1617-1654.
    • (2007) Columbia Law Rev , vol.107 , Issue.7 , pp. 1617-1654
    • Larkin, B.P.1
  • 153
    • 0000759695 scopus 로고
    • The Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program
    • Kingsley GT, Turner MA, eds. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press
    • Davis M. The Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program. In: Kingsley GT, Turner MA, eds. Housing Markets and Residential Mobility. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; 1993.
    • (1993) Housing Markets and Residential Mobility
    • Davis, M.1
  • 154
    • 16344376240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifteen years later: Can residential mobility programs provide a long-term escape from neighborhood segregation, crime, and poverty?
    • Keels M, Duncan GJ, Deluca S, et al. Fifteen years later: can residential mobility programs provide a long-term escape from neighborhood segregation, crime, and poverty? Demography. 2005;42(1):51-73.
    • (2005) Demography , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-73
    • Keels, M.1    Duncan, G.J.2    Deluca, S.3
  • 155
    • 44149117257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-generation effects of Chicago?s Gautreaux residential mobility program on children?s participation in crime
    • Keels M. Second-generation effects of Chicago?s Gautreaux residential mobility program on children?s participation in crime. J Res Adolesc. 2008;18(2):305-351.
    • (2008) J Res Adolesc , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-351
    • Keels, M.1
  • 156
    • 60249089955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: Evidence from Gautreaux Chicago
    • Votruba ME, Kling JR. Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: evidence from Gautreaux, Chicago. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(5): 814-823.
    • (2009) Soc Sci Med , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 814-823
    • Votruba, M.E.1    Kling, J.R.2
  • 158
    • 0005192972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential mobility and opportunities: Early impacts of the moving to opportunity demonstration program in Chicago
    • Rosenbaum E, Harris LE. Residential mobility and opportunities: early impacts of the moving to opportunity demonstration program in Chicago. Housing Policy Debate. 2001; 12(2):321-346.
    • (2001) Housing Policy Debate , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-346
    • Rosenbaum, E.1    Harris, L.E.2
  • 159
    • 41249094797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neo-materialist theory and the temporal relationship between income inequality and longevity change
    • Clarkwest A. Neo-materialist theory and the temporal relationship between income inequality and longevity change. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(9):1871-1881.
    • (2008) Soc Sci Med , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1871-1881
    • Clarkwest, A.1
  • 160
    • 51849089721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can we learn about neighborhood effects from the Moving to Opportunity experiment?
    • Ludwig J, Liebman JB, Kling JR, et al. What can we learn about neighborhood effects from the Moving to Opportunity experiment? AJS. 2008;114(1):144-188.
    • (2008) AJS , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 144-188
    • Ludwig, J.1    Liebman, J.B.2    Kling, J.R.3
  • 161
    • 0034807720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors linked to bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women
    • Holzman C, Leventhal JM, Qiu H, et al. Factors linked to bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(10):1664-1670.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.10 , pp. 1664-1670
    • Holzman, C.1    Leventhal, J.M.2    Qiu, H.3
  • 162
    • 4544312220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of objective and subjective social status on obesity in a bira-cial cohort of adolescents
    • Goodman E, Adler NE, Daniels SR, et al. Impact of objective and subjective social status on obesity in a bira-cial cohort of adolescents. Obes Res. 2003;11(8):1018-1026.
    • (2003) Obes Res , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 1018-1026
    • Goodman, E.1    Adler, N.E.2    Daniels, S.R.3
  • 164
    • 51349163614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Built environment and health
    • Berrigan D, McKinnon RA. Built environment and health. Prev Med. 2008;47(3):239-240.
    • (2008) Prev Med , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-240
    • Berrigan, D.1    McKinnon, R.A.2
  • 165
    • 34248197095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health impact assessment in San Francisco: Incorporating the social determinants of health into environmental planning
    • DOI 10.1080/09640560701260283, PII 777808176
    • Corburn J, Bhatia R. Health impact assessment of San Francisco: incorporating the social determinants of health in environmental planning. J Environ Plann Manag. 2007; 50(3):323-341. (Pubitemid 46705785)
    • (2007) Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-341
    • Corburn, J.1    Bhatia, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.