Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment

Journal of Business Venturing

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 46-74

  Fairchild, Gregory B ^a  

^a Graduate School of Business Administration   (United States)

Author keywords

Racial groups; Segregation; Self employment; Urban areas

Indexed keywords

EID: 35348969441     PISSN: 08839026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.10.010     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aldrich H., Cater J., Jones T., McEvoy D., and Velleman P. Ethnic residential concentration and the protected market hypothesis. Social Forces 63 4 (1985) 996-1009
2. Aldrich H., and Martinez M. Many are called, but few are chosen: an evolutionary perspective for the study of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25 4 (2001) 41-56
3. Bates T. The changing nature of minority business: an analysis of Asian, Nonminority and Black-owned businesses. Review of Black Political Economy 18 1 (1989) 25-42
4. Bates T. Financing small business creation: the case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing 12 2 (1997) 109-128
5. Bates T. Restricted access to markets characterizes women-owned businesses. Journal of Business Venturing 17 4 (2002) 313-324
6. Bates T. The urban development potential of black-owned businesses. Journal of the American Planning Association 72 2 (2006) 227-238
7. Bergman, M., Tolbert, M., 2005. Minority groups increasing business ownership at higher rate than national average. U.S. Census Bureau Press Release, July 28 (Accessed from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/business_ownership/005477.html).
8. Bobo L., and Zubrinsky C. Attitudes on residential integration: perceived status differences, mere in-group preference, or racial prejudice?. Social Forces 74 3 (1996) 883-909
9. Borjas G. Ethnicity, neighborhoods, and human capital externalities. American Economic Review 85 3 (1995) 365-390
10. Boston Consulting Group, 2005. The New Agenda for Minority Business Development. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, KS.
11. Boston Consulting Group, 1998. The Business Case for Pursuing Retail Opportunities in the Inner City. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City and Boston Consulting Group, Boston, MA.
12. Boyd R. Residential segregation by race and the black merchants of northern cities during the early Twentieth century. Sociological Forum 13 4 (1998) 595-609
13. Boyd R. A contextual analysis of Black self-employment in large metropolitan areas, 1970-1980. Social Forces 70 2 (1991) 409-429
14. Brimmer A. Desegregation and Negro leadership. In: Ginsberg E. (Ed). Business Leadership and the Negro Crisis (1968), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 34-52
15. Bull I., and Winter F. Community differences in business births and business growths. Journal of Business Venturing 6 1 (1991) 29-43
16. Charles C. The dynamics of racial residential segregation. Annual Review of Sociology 29 (2003) 167-207
17. Chrisman J., Chua J., and Steier L. The influence of national culture and family involvement on entrepreneurial perceptions and performance at the state level. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26 4 (2002) 113-130
18. Chrisman J., Gatewood E., and Donlevy L. A note on the efficiency and effectiveness of outsider assistance programs in rural versus non-rural states. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26 3 (2002) 67-80
19. Cooper A., and Artz K. Determinants of satisfaction for entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing 10 6 (1995) 439-455
20. Cummings S. African American entrepreneurship in the suburbs: Protected markets and enclave business development. Journal of the American Planning Association 65 1 (1999) 50-61
21. Cutler D., Glaeser E.L., and Vigdor J.L. The rise and decline of the American ghetto. Journal of Political Economy 107 3 (1999) 455-506
22. Cutler D.M., and Glaeser E. Are ghettos good or bad?. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 3 (1997) 827-872
23. Drake S., and Cayton H. Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (1945), Harcourt Brace, New York, NY
24. Duncan O. A socioeconomic index for all occupations. In: Reiss Jr. A.J. (Ed). Occupations and Social Status (1961), Free Press, New York, NY 109-161
25. Echenique F., and Fryer Jr. R. On the measurement of segregation. NBER no.11258 (2005), Cambridge, MA
26. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2002. Minorities More Likely to Attempt to Start a Business than Whites. Kauffman press release, September 22 (Accessed from http://www.kauffman.org/news.cfm?itemID=316).
27. Fairlie, R., 2004. Self-employed business ownership rates in the United States: 1979-2003. SBA Office of Advocacy no. SBAHQ-04-M-0248, Washington, DC.
28. Fairlie R. The absence of the African-American owned business: an analysis of the dynamics of self-employment. Journal of Labor Economics 17 1 (1999) 80-188
29. Fairlie R., and Meyer B. Trends in self-employment among white and black men during the Twentieth century. Journal of Human Resources 35 4 (2000) 643-669
30. Fairlie R., and Meyer B. Ethnic and racial self-employment differences and possible explanations. Journal of Human Resources 31 4 (1996) 757-793
31. Farley R., Steeh C., Krysan M., Jackson T., and Reeves K. Stereotypes and segregation: neighborhoods in the Detroit area. American Journal of Sociology 100 3 (1994) 750-780
32. Farley R., and Frey W. Changes in the segregation of whites from blacks during the 1980s: small steps toward a more integrated society. American Sociological Review 59 1 (1994) 23-45
33. Fischer M., and Massey D. Residential segregation and ethnic enterprise in US metropolitan areas. Social Problems 47 3 (2000) 408-424
34. Iceland, J., Weinberg, D., Steinmetz, E., 2002. Racial and ethnic residential segregation in the United States, 1980-2000. Special Report Series, CENSR no.3, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
35. Ingham J. Building businesses, creating communities: residential segregation and the growth of African American business in Southern cities, 1880-1915. Business History Review 77 4 (2003) 639-665
36. Krysan M. Whites who say they'd flee: who are they, and why would they leave?. Demography 39 4 (2002) 675-696
37. Massey D., and Denton N. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (1993), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
38. Massey D., and Fischer M. How segregation concentrates poverty. Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 4 (2000) 670-691
39. Porter M. The competitive advantage of the inner city. Harvard Business Review 73 (1995) 55-71 (May-June)
40. Ruggles S., Sobek M., Alexander T., Fitch C., Goeken R., Hall P., King M., and Ronnander C. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 3.0 [Machine-readable database] (2004), Minnesota Population Center [producer and distributor], Minneapolis, MN
41. Robb A. Entrepreneurial performance by women and minorities: the case of new firms. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 7 4 (2002) 383-397
42. Sanders J., and Nee V. Immigrant self-employment: the family as social capital and the value of human capital. American Sociological Review 61 2 (1996) 231-249
43. Smith J., and Welch F. Black economic progress after Myrdal. Journal of Economic Literature 27 2 (1989) 519-564
44. U.S. Census Bureau, 2003. Census 2000 Summary File 4. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
45. Walstad W., and Kourilsky M. Entrepreneurial attitudes and knowledge of Black youth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23 2 (1998) 5-18
46. Wilson F., and Hammer R. Ethnic residential segregation and its consequences. In: O'Connor A., Tilly C., and Bobo L.D. (Eds). Urban Inequality (2001), Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY 272-303
47. Wilson K., and Portes A. Immigrant enclaves: an analysis of the labor market experiences of Cubans in Miami. American Journal of Sociology 86 2 (1980) 295-319
48. Wilson W. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy (1987), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
49. Wilson W. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor (1996), Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY