메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2009, Pages 593-605

A combined role of calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers in stroke prevention

Author keywords

Angiotensin; Blood pressure; Calcium channel; Cerebrovascular; Hypertension; Stroke

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ATENOLOL; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; ENALAPRIL; EPROSARTAN; FOSINOPRIL; INDAPAMIDE; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; NIFEDIPINE; NITRENDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN; VALSARTAN; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 70350517564     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: 11782048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s6203     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 33746367427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke research priorities for the next decade - a representative view of the European scientific community
    • Meairs S, Wahlgren N, Dirnagl U, Lindvall O, Rothwell P, Baron JC, et al. Stroke research priorities for the next decade - a representative view of the European scientific community. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006; 22(2-3):75-82.
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.22 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 75-82
    • Meairs, S.1    Wahlgren, N.2    Dirnagl, U.3    Lindvall, O.4    Rothwell, P.5    Baron, J.C.6
  • 2
    • 74049150204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO atlas of heart disease and stroke, Accessed July 8, 2009
    • WHO atlas of heart disease and stroke. http://www.who.int/ cardiovascular-diseases/en/cvd-atlas-15-burden-stroke.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2009.
  • 5
    • 33745956809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, et al. American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2006;113(24):e873-e923.
    • Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, et al. American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2006;113(24):e873-e923.
  • 6
    • 0141754086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular mass and geometry and the risk of ischemic stroke
    • Di Tullio MR, Zwas DR, Sacco RL, Sciacca RR, Homma S. Left ventricular mass and geometry and the risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2003;34(10):2380-2384.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2380-2384
    • Di Tullio, M.R.1    Zwas, D.R.2    Sacco, R.L.3    Sciacca, R.R.4    Homma, S.5
  • 7
    • 34248546316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug therapy for the secondary prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients: Current issues and options
    • Lüders S. Drug therapy for the secondary prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients: current issues and options. Drugs. 2007;67(7): 955-963.
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 955-963
    • Lüders, S.1
  • 8
    • 1042267958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford Vascular Study. Population based study of early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke: Implications for public education and organisation of services
    • Coull AJ, Lovett JK, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Population based study of early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke: implications for public education and organisation of services. BMJ. 2004;328(7435):326.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , Issue.7435 , pp. 326
    • Coull, A.J.1    Lovett, J.K.2    Rothwell, P.M.3
  • 9
    • 33846939762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence after ischemic stroke in Chinese patients: Impact of uncontrolled modifiable risk factors
    • Xu G, Liu X, Wu W, Zhang R, Yin Q. Recurrence after ischemic stroke in Chinese patients: impact of uncontrolled modifiable risk factors. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23(2-3):117-120.
    • (2007) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.23 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 117-120
    • Xu, G.1    Liu, X.2    Wu, W.3    Zhang, R.4    Yin, Q.5
  • 10
    • 0033755175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and stroke in Asia: Prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention
    • Singh RB, Suh IL, Singh VP, Chaithiraphan S, Laothavorn P, Sy RG, et al. Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14(10-11):749-763.
    • (2000) J Hum Hypertens , vol.14 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 749-763
    • Singh, R.B.1    Suh, I.L.2    Singh, V.P.3    Chaithiraphan, S.4    Laothavorn, P.5    Sy, R.G.6
  • 11
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349); 1903-1913.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9349 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3    Peto, R.4    Collins, R.5
  • 12
    • 43049097195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Society of Hypertension. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001
    • Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, Rodgers A; International Society of Hypertension. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. Lancet. 2008;371(9623):1513-1518.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , Issue.9623 , pp. 1513-1518
    • Lawes, C.M.1    Vander Hoorn, S.2    Rodgers, A.3
  • 13
    • 0038367784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New horizons for stroke prevention: PROGRESS and HOPE
    • Gorelick PB. New horizons for stroke prevention: PROGRESS and HOPE. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1(3):149-156.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurol , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-156
    • Gorelick, P.B.1
  • 14
    • 0036623822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of stroke: Old and new evidence
    • Mancia G, Grassi G. Secondary prevention of stroke: old and new evidence. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002;14(3):216-220.
    • (2002) Aging Clin Exp Res , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 216-220
    • Mancia, G.1    Grassi, G.2
  • 15
    • 34548499309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary prevention of stroke by antihypertensive treatment in clinical trials
    • Grassi G, Arenare F, Trevano FQ, Dell'Oro R, Mancia AG. Primary and secondary prevention of stroke by antihypertensive treatment in clinical trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2007;9(4):299-304.
    • (2007) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-304
    • Grassi, G.1    Arenare, F.2    Trevano, F.Q.3    Dell'Oro, R.4    Mancia, A.G.5
  • 16
    • 0035922695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: A meta-analysis
    • Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2001;358(9290): 1305-1315.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9290 , pp. 1305-1315
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Wang, J.G.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 17
    • 0038031721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region
    • Lawes CM, Rodgers A, Bennett DA, Parag V, Suh I, Ueshima H, et al. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region. J Hypertens. 2003;21(4):707-716.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 707-716
    • Lawes, C.M.1    Rodgers, A.2    Bennett, D.A.3    Parag, V.4    Suh, I.5    Ueshima, H.6
  • 18
    • 1842432419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and stroke: An overview of published reviews
    • Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004;35(4): 1024-1033.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 1024-1033
    • Lawes, C.M.1    Bennett, D.A.2    Feigin, V.L.3    Rodgers, A.4
  • 19
    • 0031439427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive treatment in patients having already suffered from stroke. Gathering the evidence. The INDANA (INdividual Data Analysis of ANtihypertensive intervention trials) project collaborators
    • Gueyffier F, Boissel JP, Boutitie F, Pocock S, Coope J, Cutler, et al. Effect of antihypertensive treatment in patients having already suffered from stroke. Gathering the evidence. The INDANA (INdividual Data Analysis of ANtihypertensive intervention trials) project collaborators. Stroke. 1997;28(12):2557-2562.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 2557-2562
    • Gueyffier, F.1    Boissel, J.P.2    Boutitie, F.3    Pocock, S.4    Coope, J.5    Cutler6
  • 21
    • 0034718574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. PREVENT Investigators
    • Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD, Hunninghake DB, Mancini GB, Miller ME, et al. Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. PREVENT Investigators. Circulation. 2000;102(13):1503-1510.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.13 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Pitt, B.1    Byington, R.P.2    Furberg, C.D.3    Hunninghake, D.B.4    Mancini, G.B.5    Miller, M.E.6
  • 22
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Celis H, Arabidze GG, Birkenhäger WH, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet. 1997;350(9080):757-764.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , Issue.9080 , pp. 757-764
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijs, L.3    Celis, H.4    Arabidze, G.G.5    Birkenhäger, W.H.6
  • 23
    • 0031681305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockade and cardiovascular prognosis in the European trial on isolated systolic hypertension
    • Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard RH, Birkenhäger WH, Arabidze GG, Babeanu S, et al. Calcium channel blockade and cardiovascular prognosis in the European trial on isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 1998;32(3):410-416.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-416
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Thijs, L.2    Fagard, R.H.3    Birkenhäger, W.H.4    Arabidze, G.G.5    Babeanu, S.6
  • 24
    • 0034707686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group
    • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Gong L, Liu L. Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(2):211-220.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-220
    • Wang, J.G.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Gong, L.3    Liu, L.4
  • 25
    • 18844379931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTION (A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine GITS) investigators. Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with symptomatic stable angina and hypertension: The ACTION trial
    • Lubsen J, Wagener G, Kirwan BA, de Brouwer S, Poole-Wilson PA; ACTION (A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine GITS) investigators. Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with symptomatic stable angina and hypertension: the ACTION trial. J Hypertens. 2005;23(3):641-648.
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 641-648
    • Lubsen, J.1    Wagener, G.2    Kirwan, B.A.3    de Brouwer, S.4    Poole-Wilson, P.A.5
  • 26
    • 33845681685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of calcium channel blockers after stroke is not associated with poor outcome: A cohort from the registry of the Canadian stroke network
    • Dowlatshahi D, Fang J, Kawaja M, Hakim A. Use of calcium channel blockers after stroke is not associated with poor outcome: a cohort from the registry of the Canadian stroke network. J Neurol. 2006;253(11):1478-1483.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , Issue.11 , pp. 1478-1483
    • Dowlatshahi, D.1    Fang, J.2    Kawaja, M.3    Hakim, A.4
  • 27
    • 33748543202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of stroke in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease: Focus on calcium channel blockers
    • Bangalore S, Messerli FH. A review of stroke in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease: Focus on calcium channel blockers. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(10):1281-1286.
    • (2006) Int J Clin Pract , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 1281-1286
    • Bangalore, S.1    Messerli, F.H.2
  • 28
    • 22544437310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: An update including the 2003-2004 secondary prevention trials
    • Staessen JA, Li Y, Thijs L, Wang JG. Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: an update including the 2003-2004 secondary prevention trials. Hypertens Res. 2005;28(5):385-407.
    • (2005) Hypertens Res , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 385-407
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Li, Y.2    Thijs, L.3    Wang, J.G.4
  • 29
    • 23244461387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention
    • Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F, Gattobigio R, Bentivoglio M, Thijs L, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. Hypertension. 2005;46(2):386-392.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 386-392
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Reboldi, G.2    Angeli, F.3    Gattobigio, R.4    Bentivoglio, M.5    Thijs, L.6
  • 30
    • 24644443331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required vs atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required vs atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9489):895-906.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9489 , pp. 895-906
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Sever, P.S.2    Poulter, N.R.3    Wedel, H.4    Beevers, D.G.5    Caulfield, M.6
  • 31
    • 24644503688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASCOT Investigators. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA)
    • Poulter NR, Wedel H, Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. ASCOT Investigators. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet. 2005;366(9489):907-913.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9489 , pp. 907-913
    • Poulter, N.R.1    Wedel, H.2    Dahlöf, B.3    Sever, P.S.4    Beevers, D.G.5    Caulfield, M.6
  • 32
    • 7744231805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAMELOT Investigators. Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: The CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial
    • Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, Thompson PD, Ghali M, Garza D, et al. CAMELOT Investigators. Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292(18):2217-2225.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , Issue.18 , pp. 2217-2225
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Tuzcu, E.M.2    Libby, P.3    Thompson, P.D.4    Ghali, M.5    Garza, D.6
  • 33
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002;288(23):2981-2997.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.23 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 34
    • 33747382766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Clinical events in high-risk hypertensive patients randomily assigned to calcium channel blocker vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial
    • Leenen FH, Nwachuku CE, Black HR, Cushman WC, Davis BR, Simpson LM, et al. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Clinical events in high-risk hypertensive patients randomily assigned to calcium channel blocker vs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Hypertension. 2006;48(3):374-384.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 374-384
    • Leenen, F.H.1    Nwachuku, C.E.2    Black, H.R.3    Cushman, W.C.4    Davis, B.R.5    Simpson, L.M.6
  • 35
    • 34250901060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction by amlodipine and angiotensin receptor blockers. A quantitative overview
    • Wang JG, Li Y, Franklin SS, Safar M. Prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction by amlodipine and angiotensin receptor blockers. A quantitative overview. Hypertension. 2007;50(1):181-188.
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 181-188
    • Wang, J.G.1    Li, Y.2    Franklin, S.S.3    Safar, M.4
  • 36
    • 0842310817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension, angiotensin, and stroke: Beyond blood pressure
    • Iadecola C, Gorelick PB. Hypertension, angiotensin, and stroke: beyond blood pressure. Stroke. 2004;35(2):348-350.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-350
    • Iadecola, C.1    Gorelick, P.B.2
  • 37
    • 34247851014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and the prevention of stroke
    • Schrader J, Kulschewski A, Dendorfer A. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and the prevention of stroke. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2007;7(1):25-37.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiovasc Drugs , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-37
    • Schrader, J.1    Kulschewski, A.2    Dendorfer, A.3
  • 38
    • 0037160928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HOPE Investigators. Heart outcomes prevention evaluation. Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: Double blind randomised trial
    • Bosch J, Yusuf S, Pogue J, Sleight P, Lonn E, Rangoonwala B, et al. HOPE Investigators. Heart outcomes prevention evaluation. Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial. BMJ. 2002;324(7339):699-702.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , Issue.7339 , pp. 699-702
    • Bosch, J.1    Yusuf, S.2    Pogue, J.3    Sleight, P.4    Lonn, E.5    Rangoonwala, B.6
  • 39
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(3):145-153.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , Issue.3 , pp. 145-153
    • Yusuf, S.1    Sleight, P.2    Pogue, J.3    Bosch, J.4    Davies, R.5    Dagenais, G.6
  • 40
    • 0035968623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2001;358(9287):1033-1041.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9287 , pp. 1033-1041
  • 41
    • 0010838455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: A systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group
    • Flather MD, Yusuf S, Koøber L, Pfeffer M, Hall A, Murray G, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000;355(9215):1575-1581.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9215 , pp. 1575-1581
    • Flather, M.D.1    Yusuf, S.2    Koøber, L.3    Pfeffer, M.4    Hall, A.5    Murray, G.6
  • 42
    • 0033034404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, Lanke J, Hedner T, Niklason A, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9153):611-616.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9153 , pp. 611-616
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Niskanen, L.3    Lanke, J.4    Hedner, T.5    Niklason, A.6
  • 43
    • 0035653491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAPPP Study Group. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta blocker-based treatment regimen: A subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project
    • Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L, Lanke J, Niklason A; CAPPP Study Group. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta blocker-based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(12):2091-2096.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , Issue.12 , pp. 2091-2096
    • Niskanen, L.1    Hedner, T.2    Hansson, L.3    Lanke, J.4    Niklason, A.5
  • 44
    • 34447301224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a change in angiotensin II formation caused by antihypertensive drugs affect the risk of stroke? A meta-analysis of trials according to treatment with potentially different effects on angiotensin II
    • Boutitie F, Oprisiu R, Achard JM, Mazouz H, Wang J, Messerli FH, et al. Does a change in angiotensin II formation caused by antihypertensive drugs affect the risk of stroke? A meta-analysis of trials according to treatment with potentially different effects on angiotensin II. J Hypertens. 2007;25(8):1543-1553.
    • (2007) J Hypertens , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1543-1553
    • Boutitie, F.1    Oprisiu, R.2    Achard, J.M.3    Mazouz, H.4    Wang, J.5    Messerli, F.H.6
  • 45
    • 16444377632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the renin-angiotensin system protect against stroke? A focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers
    • Epstein BJ, Gums JG. Can the renin-angiotensin system protect against stroke? A focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(4):531-539.
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-539
    • Epstein, B.J.1    Gums, J.G.2
  • 46
    • 1942484955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebroprotection mediated by angiotensin II: A hypothesis supported by recent randomized clinical trials
    • Fournier A, Messerli FH, Achard JM, Fernandez L. Cerebroprotection mediated by angiotensin II: a hypothesis supported by recent randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(8):1343-1347.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 1343-1347
    • Fournier, A.1    Messerli, F.H.2    Achard, J.M.3    Fernandez, L.4
  • 47
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359(9311):995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9311 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3    Julius, S.4    Beevers, G.5    de Faire, U.6
  • 48
    • 0037174372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIFE (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction) Study Group. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: A Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy
    • Kjeldsen SE, Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Julius S, Aurup P, Edelman J, et al. LIFE (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction) Study Group. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA. 2002;288(12):1491-1498.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.12 , pp. 1491-1498
    • Kjeldsen, S.E.1    Dahlöf, B.2    Devereux, R.B.3    Julius, S.4    Aurup, P.5    Edelman, J.6
  • 49
    • 20044369896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study
    • Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, Olsen MH, Hornestam B, Dahlöf B, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(5):712-719.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 712-719
    • Wachtell, K.1    Lehto, M.2    Gerdts, E.3    Olsen, M.H.4    Hornestam, B.5    Dahlöf, B.6
  • 50
    • 0037534905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial
    • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21(5):875-886.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 875-886
    • Lithell, H.1    Hansson, L.2    Skoog, I.3    Elmfeldt, D.4    Hofman, A.5    Olofsson, B.6
  • 51
    • 85171959841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9644):1174-1183
    • The Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9644):1174-1183.
  • 52
    • 38549181561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Trial Group. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: Candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial
    • Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T, Fukiyama K, Ueshima K, Oba K, et al. Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Trial Group. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension. 2008;51(2):393-398.
    • (2008) Hypertension , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 393-398
    • Ogihara, T.1    Nakao, K.2    Fukui, T.3    Fukiyama, K.4    Ueshima, K.5    Oba, K.6
  • 53
    • 42049107348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events
    • ONTARGET Investigators
    • ONTARGET Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(15):1547-1559.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.15 , pp. 1547-1559
    • Yusuf, S.1    Teo, K.K.2    Pogue, J.3    Dyal, L.4    Copland, I.5
  • 54
    • 52149090673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: A meta-analysis
    • Reboldi G, Angeli F, Cavallini C, Gentile G, Mancia G, Verdecchia P. Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2008;26(7):1282-1289.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Reboldi, G.1    Angeli, F.2    Cavallini, C.3    Gentile, G.4    Mancia, G.5    Verdecchia, P.6
  • 55
    • 0038261970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors Study Group. The ACCESS Study: Evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors
    • Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski A, Berger J, Zidek W, Treib J, et al. Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors Study Group. The ACCESS Study: evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors. Stroke. 2003;34(7):1699-1703.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1699-1703
    • Schrader, J.1    Lüders, S.2    Kulschewski, A.3    Berger, J.4    Zidek, W.5    Treib, J.6
  • 56
    • 74049121814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ClinicalTrials.gov [webpage]. Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Tirial (SCAST). [updated 2009 May 13; cited 2008 July 15]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00120003.
    • ClinicalTrials.gov [webpage]. Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Tirial (SCAST). [updated 2009 May 13; cited 2008 July 15]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00120003.
  • 57
    • 20444427156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schrader J , Lüder s S, Kul schewski A, Hammer sen F, Plate K, Berger J, et al. MOSES Study Group. Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention. Principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke. 2005;36(6):1218-1226.
    • Schrader J , Lüder s S, Kul schewski A, Hammer sen F, Plate K, Berger J, et al. MOSES Study Group. Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention. Principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke. 2005;36(6):1218-1226.
  • 58
    • 34147143086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRoFESS Study Group. Rationale, design and baseline data of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing two antithrombotic regimens (a fixed-dose combination of extended-release dipyridamole plus ASA with clopidogrel) and telmis-artan vs placebo in patients with strokes: The Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes Trial (PRoFESS)
    • Diener HC, Sacco R, Yusuf S; PRoFESS Study Group. Rationale, design and baseline data of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing two antithrombotic regimens (a fixed-dose combination of extended-release dipyridamole plus ASA with clopidogrel) and telmis-artan vs placebo in patients with strokes: the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes Trial (PRoFESS). Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23(5-6):368-380.
    • (2007) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.23 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 368-380
    • Diener, H.C.1    Sacco, R.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 59
    • 52249116778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events
    • Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, et al. PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(12):1225-1237.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.12 , pp. 1225-1237
    • Yusuf, S.1    Diener, H.C.2    Sacco, R.L.3    Cotton, D.4    Ounpuu, S.5    Lawton, W.A.6
  • 60
    • 33745295923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dogma disputed: Can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous?
    • Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR, Hewkin AC, Kupfer S, Champion A, et al. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(12):884-893.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , Issue.12 , pp. 884-893
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Mancia, G.2    Conti, C.R.3    Hewkin, A.C.4    Kupfer, S.5    Champion, A.6
  • 61
    • 39349104702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting stroke risk in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: A report from the INVEST
    • Coca A, Messerli FH, Benetos A, Zhou Q, Champion A, Cooper-DeHoff RM, et al. Predicting stroke risk in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the INVEST. Stroke. 2008;39(2):343-348.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-348
    • Coca, A.1    Messerli, F.H.2    Benetos, A.3    Zhou, Q.4    Champion, A.5    Cooper-DeHoff, R.M.6
  • 62
    • 2942695964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE trial
    • Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L, et al. Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9426):2049-2051.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9426 , pp. 2049-2051
    • Weber, M.A.1    Julius, S.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3    Brunner, H.R.4    Ekman, S.5    Hansson, L.6
  • 63
    • 33646829274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: The PROGRESS trial
    • Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S, et al. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens. 2006;24(6):1201-1208.
    • (2006) J Hypertens , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 1201-1208
    • Arima, H.1    Chalmers, J.2    Woodward, M.3    Anderson, C.4    Rodgers, A.5    Davis, S.6
  • 64
    • 34247379373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jikei Heart Study group. Valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): A randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study
    • Mochizuki S, Dahlöf B, Shimizu M, Ikewaki K, Yoshikawa M, Taniguchi I, et al. Jikei Heart Study group. Valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study. Lancet. 2007;369(9571):1431-1439.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , Issue.9571 , pp. 1431-1439
    • Mochizuki, S.1    Dahlöf, B.2    Shimizu, M.3    Ikewaki, K.4    Yoshikawa, M.5    Taniguchi, I.6
  • 65
    • 2942635317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VALUE trial group. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L, et al. VALUE trial group. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9426):2022-2031.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9426 , pp. 2022-2031
    • Julius, S.1    Kjeldsen, S.E.2    Weber, M.3    Brunner, H.R.4    Ekman, S.5    Hansson, L.6
  • 66
    • 39849093283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VALUE Trial Group. Reduced incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation with angiotensin II receptor blockade: The VALUE trial
    • Schmieder RE, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, McInnes GT, Zanchetti A, Hua TA; VALUE Trial Group. Reduced incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation with angiotensin II receptor blockade: the VALUE trial. J Hypertens. 2008;26(3):403-411.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-411
    • Schmieder, R.E.1    Kjeldsen, S.E.2    Julius, S.3    McInnes, G.T.4    Zanchetti, A.5    Hua, T.A.6
  • 67
    • 0242654867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials
    • Turnbull F; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet. 2003;362(9395):1527-1535.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9395 , pp. 1527-1535
    • Turnbull, F.1
  • 68
    • 33747402311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amlodipine better than lisinopril? How one randomized clinical trial ended fallacies from observational studies
    • Messerli FH, Staessen JA. Amlodipine better than lisinopril? How one randomized clinical trial ended fallacies from observational studies. Hypertension. 2006;48(3):359-361.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-361
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Staessen, J.A.2
  • 69
    • 74049113173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of systematic pretreatment with telmisartan, ramipril and their combination on neurological status and infarct volume in rats after stroke
    • Thone-Reineke C, Krikov M, Schmerbach K, Muller S, Villringer A, Steckelings U, et al. Comparison of the effect of systematic pretreatment with telmisartan, ramipril and their combination on neurological status and infarct volume in rats after stroke. J Hypertens. 2008; 26(Suppl.1):S1.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL.1
    • Thone-Reineke, C.1    Krikov, M.2    Schmerbach, K.3    Muller, S.4    Villringer, A.5    Steckelings, U.6
  • 70
    • 33846609195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007;115(4):459-467.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.4 , pp. 459-467
    • Lorenz, M.W.1    Markus, H.S.2    Bots, M.L.3    Rosvall, M.4    Sitzer, M.5
  • 71
    • 33745948636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Li Y, Van Bortel LM, Nawrot T, Fagard R, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke. 2006;37(7): 1933-1940.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 1933-1940
    • Wang, J.G.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Li, Y.3    Van Bortel, L.M.4    Nawrot, T.5    Fagard, R.6
  • 72
    • 34247156618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared with atenolol: The Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation vs Atenolol (SILVHIA) study
    • Mörtsell D, Malmqvist K, Held C, Kahan T. Irbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared with atenolol: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation vs Atenolol (SILVHIA) study. J Intern Med. 2007;261(5):472-479.
    • (2007) J Intern Med , vol.261 , Issue.5 , pp. 472-479
    • Mörtsell, D.1    Malmqvist, K.2    Held, C.3    Kahan, T.4
  • 73
    • 22544439377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy
    • Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Neland K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, Dige-Petersen H, et al. Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press. 2005;14(3):177-183.
    • (2005) Blood Press , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-183
    • Olsen, M.H.1    Wachtell, K.2    Neland, K.3    Bella, J.N.4    Rokkedal, J.5    Dige-Petersen, H.6
  • 74
    • 41549089541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan decreases carotid intima-media thickness by enhancing nitric oxide and decreasing oxidative stress in patients with hypertension
    • Ono H, Minatoguchi S, Watanabe K, Yamada Y, Mizukusa T, Kawasaki H, et al. Candesartan decreases carotid intima-media thickness by enhancing nitric oxide and decreasing oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(2):271-279.
    • (2008) Hypertens Res , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-279
    • Ono, H.1    Minatoguchi, S.2    Watanabe, K.3    Yamada, Y.4    Mizukusa, T.5    Kawasaki, H.6
  • 76
    • 33947315417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VALIANT Trial Investigators. Predictors of stroke in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the VALIANT Trial
    • Sampson UK, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Lokhnygina Y, White HD, Solomon SD, et al. VALIANT Trial Investigators. Predictors of stroke in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: insights from the VALIANT Trial. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(6):685-691.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 685-691
    • Sampson, U.K.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    McMurray, J.J.3    Lokhnygina, Y.4    White, H.D.5    Solomon, S.D.6
  • 77
    • 0043164965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 1985 through 1999: Implications for primary prevention
    • Wattigney WA, Mensah GA, Croft JB. Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 1985 through 1999: implications for primary prevention. Circulation. 2003;108(6):711-716.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 711-716
    • Wattigney, W.A.1    Mensah, G.A.2    Croft, J.B.3
  • 78
    • 0038642326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension
    • Klingbeil AU, Schneider M, Martus P, Messerli FH, Schmieder RE. A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Med. 2003;115(1):41-46.
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.115 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Klingbeil, A.U.1    Schneider, M.2    Martus, P.3    Messerli, F.H.4    Schmieder, R.E.5
  • 79
    • 33645518432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAFE Investigators; Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators; CAFE Steering Committee and Writing Committee. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: Principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study
    • Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, et al. CAFE Investigators; Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators; CAFE Steering Committee and Writing Committee. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113(9):1213-1225.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , Issue.9 , pp. 1213-1225
    • Williams, B.1    Lacy, P.S.2    Thom, S.M.3    Cruickshank, K.4    Stanton, A.5    Collier, D.6
  • 80
    • 74049140236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of heart rate on the differential impact of blood pressure lowering drugs on central and peripheral pressures: Data from the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFÉ) study
    • Lacy PS, Williams B. Impact of heart rate on the differential impact of blood pressure lowering drugs on central and peripheral pressures: Data from the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFÉ) study. J Hypertens. 2008;26(Suppl.1):S459.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL.1
    • Lacy, P.S.1    Williams, B.2
  • 81
    • 3042641723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Ando H, Zhou J, Macova M, Imboden H, Saavedra JM. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke. 2004;35(7):1726-1731.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 1726-1731
    • Ando, H.1    Zhou, J.2    Macova, M.3    Imboden, H.4    Saavedra, J.M.5
  • 82
    • 0033796377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II AT(1) blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Nishimura Y, Ito T, Saavedra JM. Angiotensin II AT(1) blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke. 2000;31(10):2478-2486.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 2478-2486
    • Nishimura, Y.1    Ito, T.2    Saavedra, J.M.3
  • 83
    • 0036713880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against ischemia and improvement of cerebral blood flow in genetically hypertensive rats by chronic pretreatment with an angiotensin II AT1 antagonist
    • Ito T, Yamakawa H, Bregonzio C, Terrón JA, Falcón-Neri A, Saavedra JM. Protection against ischemia and improvement of cerebral blood flow in genetically hypertensive rats by chronic pretreatment with an angiotensin II AT1 antagonist. Stroke. 2002;33(9):2297-2303.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 2297-2303
    • Ito, T.1    Yamakawa, H.2    Bregonzio, C.3    Terrón, J.A.4    Falcón-Neri, A.5    Saavedra, J.M.6
  • 84
    • 41149123416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on cerebral circulation independent of blood pressure
    • Kumai Y, Ooboshi H, Ago T, Ishikawa E, Takada J, Kamouchi M, et al. Protective effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on cerebral circulation independent of blood pressure. Exp Neurol. 2008;210(2):441-448.
    • (2008) Exp Neurol , vol.210 , Issue.2 , pp. 441-448
    • Kumai, Y.1    Ooboshi, H.2    Ago, T.3    Ishikawa, E.4    Takada, J.5    Kamouchi, M.6
  • 85
    • 33750380227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amlodipine treatment reduces stroke size in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
    • Mogi M, Iwai M, Chen R, Iwanami J, Ide A, Tsukuda K, et al. Amlodipine treatment reduces stroke size in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19(11):1144-1149.
    • (2006) Am J Hypertens , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1144-1149
    • Mogi, M.1    Iwai, M.2    Chen, R.3    Iwanami, J.4    Ide, A.5    Tsukuda, K.6
  • 86
    • 27944473983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FEVER Study Group. The felodipine event reduction (FEVER) study: A randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients
    • Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu G, Li W, Zhang X, Zanchetti A; FEVER Study Group. The felodipine event reduction (FEVER) study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2005;23(12):2157-2172.
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 2157-2172
    • Liu, L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Liu, G.3    Li, W.4    Zhang, X.5    Zanchetti, A.6
  • 87
    • 4444380286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial: The first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcome effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension
    • Jamerson KA, Bakris GL, Wun CC, Dahlöf B, Lefkowitz M, Manfreda S, et al. Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial: the first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcome effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17(9):793-801.
    • (2004) Am J Hypertens , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 793-801
    • Jamerson, K.A.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Wun, C.C.3    Dahlöf, B.4    Lefkowitz, M.5    Manfreda, S.6
  • 88
    • 57349138291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCOMPLISH Trial Investigators. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients
    • Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, Pitt B, Shi V, et al. ACCOMPLISH Trial Investigators. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(23):2417-28.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.23 , pp. 2417-2428
    • Jamerson, K.1    Weber, M.A.2    Bakris, G.L.3    Dahlöf, B.4    Pitt, B.5    Shi, V.6
  • 89
    • 0041365847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS): Interpretation and implementation
    • Chalmers J, MacMahon S. Perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study (PROGRESS): interpretation and implementation. J Hypertens. 2003; 21(Suppl.):S9-S14.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Chalmers, J.1    MacMahon, S.2
  • 90
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19): 2560-2572.
    • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19): 2560-2572.
  • 91
    • 34250350040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
    • Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2007;25(6): 1105-1187.
    • (2007) J Hypertens , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1105-1187
    • Mancia, G.1    De Backer, G.2    Dominiczak, A.3    Cifkova, R.4    Fagard, R.5    Germano, G.6
  • 92
    • 0036189466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for fixed-dose combination in the treatment of hypertension: The cycle repeats
    • Sica DA. Rationale for fixed-dose combination in the treatment of hypertension: the cycle repeats. Drugs. 2002;62(3):443-462.
    • (2002) Drugs , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 443-462
    • Sica, D.A.1
  • 93
    • 0038203004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: A quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003
    • Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: a quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003. J Hypertens. 2003;21(6):1055-1076.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 1055-1076
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Wang, J.G.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 94
    • 47249088609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of amlodipine/valsartan compared with amlodipine monotherapy in patients with stage 2 hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study: the EX-EFFeCTS study
    • Destro M, Luckow A, Samson M, Kandra A, Brunel P. Efficacy and safety of amlodipine/valsartan compared with amlodipine monotherapy in patients with stage 2 hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study: the EX-EFFeCTS study. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2008;2:294-302.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.2 , pp. 294-302
    • Destro, M.1    Luckow, A.2    Samson, M.3    Kandra, A.4    Brunel, P.5
  • 95
    • 34447109035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension
    • Philipp T, Smith TR, Glazer R, Wernsing M, Yen J, Jin J, et al. Two multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Clin Ther. 2007;29(4):563-580.
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-580
    • Philipp, T.1    Smith, T.R.2    Glazer, R.3    Wernsing, M.4    Yen, J.5    Jin, J.6
  • 96
    • 34948883404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amlodipine and valsartan combined and as monotherapy in stage 2, elderly, and black hypertensive patients: Subgroup analyses of 2 randomized, placebo-controlled studies
    • Smith TR, Philipp T, Vaisse B, Bakris GL, Wernsing M, Yen J, et al. Amlodipine and valsartan combined and as monotherapy in stage 2, elderly, and black hypertensive patients: subgroup analyses of 2 randomized, placebo-controlled studies. J Clin Hypertens. 2007;9(5):355-364.
    • (2007) J Clin Hypertens , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 355-364
    • Smith, T.R.1    Philipp, T.2    Vaisse, B.3    Bakris, G.L.4    Wernsing, M.5    Yen, J.6
  • 97
    • 34247471686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and blood pressure-lowering efficacy of the combination of amlodipine plus valsartan compared with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in adult patients with stage 2 hypertension
    • Poldermans D, Glazes R, Kargiannis S, Wernsing M, Kaczor J, Chiang YT, et al. Tolerability and blood pressure-lowering efficacy of the combination of amlodipine plus valsartan compared with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in adult patients with stage 2 hypertension. Clin Ther. 2007;29(2):279-289.
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-289
    • Poldermans, D.1    Glazes, R.2    Kargiannis, S.3    Wernsing, M.4    Kaczor, J.5    Chiang, Y.T.6
  • 98
    • 53349175183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of adherence, persistence, and costs among valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide retrospective cohorts in free-and fixed-dose combinations
    • Brixner DI, Jackson KC 2nd, Sheng X, Nelson RE, Keskinaslan A. Assessment of adherence, persistence, and costs among valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide retrospective cohorts in free-and fixed-dose combinations. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(9):2597-2607.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 2597-2607
    • Brixner, D.I.1    Jackson 2nd, K.C.2    Sheng, X.3    Nelson, R.E.4    Keskinaslan, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.