메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 2026-2038

Origins of abnormal excitability in biceps brachii motoneurons of spastic-paretic stroke survivors

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; CELL MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPOLARIZATION; ELBOW FLEXION; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; FEMALE; FLEXOR MUSCLE; HUMAN; IMPEDANCE; MALE; MEMBRANE CURRENT; MOTONEURON; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECRUITMENT; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SPASTIC PARESIS; STROKE; STROKE PATIENT; SURVIVOR; SYNAPTIC INHIBITION; SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT;

EID: 70350266562     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00151.2009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (100)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0033939825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic inhibition and homosynaptic depression. a comparison between lower and upper limbs in normal human subjects and patients with hemiplegia
    • Aymard C, Katz R, Lafitte C, Lo E, Penicaud A, Pradat-Diehl P, Raoul S. Presynaptic inhibition and homosynaptic depression: a comparison between lower and upper limbs in normal human subjects and patients with hemiplegia. Brain 123: 1688-1702, 2000. (Pubitemid 30481192)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.8 , pp. 1688-1702
    • Aymard, C.1    Katz, R.2    Lafitte, C.3    Lo, E.4    Penicaud, A.5    Pradat-Diehl, P.6    Raoul, S.7
  • 2
    • 43049133265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhythmic arm cycling suppresses hyperactive soleus H-reflex amplitude after stroke
    • Barzi Y, Zehr EP. Rhythmic arm cycling suppresses hyperactive soleus H-reflex amplitude after stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 119: 1443-1452, 2008.
    • (2008) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.119 , pp. 1443-1452
    • Barzi, Y.1    Zehr, E.P.2
  • 3
    • 0031739279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic activation of plateaus in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats
    • Bennett DJ, Hultborn H, Fedirchuk B, Gorassini M. Synaptic activation of plateaus in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats. J Neurophysiol 80: 2023-2037, 1998a. (Pubitemid 28489130)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 2023-2037
    • Bennett, D.J.1    Hultborn, H.2    Fedirchuk, B.3    Gorassini, M.4
  • 5
    • 0034796756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for plateau potentials in tail motoneurons of awake chronic spinal rats with spasticity
    • Bennett DJ, Li Y, Harvey PJ, Gorassini M. Evidence for plateau potentials in tail motoneurons of awake chronic spinal rats with spasticity. J Neurophysiol 86: 1972-1982, 2001a.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 1972-1982
    • Bennett, D.J.1    Li, Y.2    Harvey, P.J.3    Gorassini, M.4
  • 6
    • 0034786606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plateau potentials in sacrocaudal motoneurons of chronic spinal rats, recorded in vitro
    • Bennett DJ, Li Y, Siu M. Plateau potentials in sacrocaudal motoneurons of chronic spinal rats, recorded in vitro. J Neurophysiol 86: 1955-1971, 2001b.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 1955-1971
    • Bennett, D.J.1    Li, Y.2    Siu, M.3
  • 8
    • 0015307222 scopus 로고
    • Are spinal "presynaptic" inhibitory mechanisms suppressed in spasticity?
    • Burke D, Ashby P. Are spinal "presynaptic" inhibitory mechanisms suppressed in spasticity? J Neurol Sci 15: 321-326, 1972.
    • (1972) J Neurol Sci , vol.15 , pp. 321-326
    • Burke, D.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 9
    • 0015251465 scopus 로고
    • Spasticity, decerebrate rigidity and the clasp-knife phenomenon: An experimental study in the cat
    • Burke D, Knowles L, Andrews C, Ashby P. Spasticity, decerebrate rigidity and the clasp-knife phenomenon: an experimental study in the cat. Brain 95: 31-48, 1972.
    • (1972) Brain , vol.95 , pp. 31-48
    • Burke, D.1    Knowles, L.2    Andrews, C.3    Ashby, P.4
  • 10
  • 11
    • 78650869060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex threshold estimation in spastic muscles: A new method
    • Program No. 76.4/NN12. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Chardon MK, Suresh NL, Rymer WZ. Reflex threshold estimation in spastic muscles: a new method. Program No. 76.4/NN12. 2008 Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2008. Online.
    • (2008) 2008 Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner
    • Chardon, M.K.1    Suresh, N.L.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 12
    • 40949122410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separate quantification of reflex and nonreflex components of spastic hypertonia in chronic hemiparesis
    • Chung SG, van Rey E, Bai Z, Rymer WZ, Roth EJ, Zhang LQ. Separate quantification of reflex and nonreflex components of spastic hypertonia in chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89: 700-710, 2008.
    • (2008) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.89 , pp. 700-710
    • Chung, S.G.1    Van Rey, E.2    Bai, Z.3    Rymer, W.Z.4    Roth, E.J.5    Zhang, L.Q.6
  • 13
    • 0037317236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance of reciprocal facilitation of ankle extensors from ankle flexors in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awg036
    • Crone C, Johnsen LL, Biering-Sorensen F, Nielsen JB. Appearance of reciprocal facilitation of ankle extensors from ankle flexors in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury. Brain 126: 495-507, 2003. (Pubitemid 36172753)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 495-507
    • Crone, C.1    Johnsen, L.L.2    Biering-Sorensen, F.3    Nielsen, J.B.4
  • 14
    • 0028291798 scopus 로고
    • Common drive of motor units in regulation of muscle force
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(94)90064-7
    • De Luca CJ, Erim Z. Common drive of motor units in regulation of muscle force. Trends Neurosci 17: 299-305, 1994. (Pubitemid 24187257)
    • (1994) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 299-305
    • De Luca, C.J.1    Erim, Z.2
  • 15
    • 0020000411 scopus 로고
    • Control scheme governing concurrently active human motor units during voluntary contractions
    • De Luca CJ, LeFever RS, McCue MP, Xenakis AP. Control scheme governing concurrently active human motor units during voluntary contractions. J Physiol 329: 129-142, 1982.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.329 , pp. 129-142
    • De Luca, C.J.1    LeFever, R.S.2    McCue, M.P.3    Xenakis, A.P.4
  • 16
    • 0017623742 scopus 로고
    • Ballistic contractions in man: Characteristic recruitment pattern of single motor units of the tibialis anterior muscle
    • Desmedt JE, Godaux E. Ballistic contractions in man: characteristic recruitment pattern of single motor units of the tibialis anterior muscle. J Physiol 264: 673-693, 1977. (Pubitemid 8041091)
    • (1977) Journal of Physiology , vol.264 , Issue.3 , pp. 673-693
    • Desmedt, J.E.1    Godaux, E.2
  • 17
    • 0020645393 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit and muscle activity in voluntary motor control
    • Freund HJ. Motor unit and muscle activity in voluntary motor control. Physiol Rev 63: 387-436, 1983.
    • (1983) Physiol Rev , vol.63 , pp. 387-436
    • Freund, H.J.1
  • 18
    • 33644684586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of plateaupotential-mediated "warm up" in human motor units
    • Fuglevand AJ, Dutoit AP, Johns RK, Keen DA. Evaluation of plateaupotential-mediated "warm up" in human motor units. J Physiol 571: 683-693, 2006.
    • (2006) J Physiol , vol.571 , pp. 683-693
    • Fuglevand, A.J.1    Dutoit, A.P.2    Johns, R.K.3    Keen, D.A.4
  • 19
    • 0036092734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic activation of human motoneurons: Possible contribution to motor unit excitation
    • Gorassini M, Yang JF, Siu M, Bennett DJ. Intrinsic activation of human motoneurons: possible contribution to motor unit excitation. J Neurophysiol 87: 1850-1858, 2002a.
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.87 , pp. 1850-1858
    • Gorassini, M.1    Yang, J.F.2    Siu, M.3    Bennett, D.J.4
  • 20
    • 0036092518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic activation of human motoneurons: Reduction of motor unit recruitment thresholds by repeated contractions
    • Gorassini M, Yang JF, Siu M, Bennett DJ. Intrinsic activation of human motoneurons: reduction of motor unit recruitment thresholds by repeated contractions. J Neurophysiol 87: 1859-1866, 2002b.
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.87 , pp. 1859-1866
    • Gorassini, M.1    Yang, J.F.2    Siu, M.3    Bennett, D.J.4
  • 22
    • 4944254979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of motoneurons in the generation of muscle spasms after spinal cord injury
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh243
    • Gorassini MA, Knash ME, Harvey PJ, Bennett DJ, Yang JF. Role of motoneurons in the generation of muscle spasms after spinal cord injury. Brain 127: 2247-2258, 2004. (Pubitemid 39382233)
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.10 , pp. 2247-2258
    • Gorassini, M.A.1    Knash, M.E.2    Harvey, P.J.3    Bennett, D.J.4    Yang, J.F.5
  • 24
    • 33748523450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor activation facilitates a persistent sodium current and repetitive firing in spinal motoneurons of rats with and without chronic spinal cord injury
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.01088.2005
    • Harvey PJ, Li X, Li Y, Bennett DJ. 5-HT2 receptor activation facilitates a persistent sodium current and repetitive firing in spinal motoneurons of rats with and without chronic spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 96: 1158-1170, 2006a. (Pubitemid 44371511)
    • (2006) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 1158-1170
    • Harvey, P.J.1    Li, X.2    Li, Y.3    Bennett, D.J.4
  • 25
    • 33748529605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous monoamine receptor activation is essential for enabling persistent sodium currents and repetitive firing in rat spinal motoneurons
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00341.2006
    • Harvey PJ, Li X, Li Y, Bennett DJ. Endogenous monoamine receptor activation is essential for enabling persistent sodium currents and repetitive firing in rat spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 96: 1171-1186, 2006b. (Pubitemid 44371512)
    • (2006) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 1171-1186
    • Harvey, P.J.1    Li, X.2    Li, Y.3    Bennett, D.J.4
  • 26
    • 13244298118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent inward currents in motoneuron dendrites: Implications for motor output
    • Heckman CJ, Gorassini MA, Bennett DJ. Persistent inward currents in motoneuron dendrites: implications for motor output. Muscle Nerve 31: 135-156, 2005.
    • (2005) Muscle Nerve , vol.31 , pp. 135-156
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Gorassini, M.A.2    Bennett, D.J.3
  • 27
    • 43049143860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent inward currents in spinal motoneurons and their influence on human motoneuron firing patterns
    • DOI 10.1177/1073858408314986
    • Heckman CJ, Johnson M, Mottram C, Schuster J. Persistent inward currents in spinal motoneurons and their influence on human motoneuron firing patterns. Neuroscientist 14: 264-275, 2008. (Pubitemid 351624860)
    • (2008) Neuroscientist , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-275
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Johnson, M.2    Mottram, C.3    Schuster, J.4
  • 30
    • 0024319735 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-induced bistability of turtle motoneurones caused by a nifedipine-sensitive calcium plateau potential
    • Hounsgaard J, Kiehn O. Serotonin-induced bistability of turtle motoneurones caused by a nifedipine-sensitive calcium plateau potential. J Physiol 414: 265-282, 1989. (Pubitemid 19177302)
    • (1989) Journal of Physiology , vol.414 , pp. 265-282
    • Hounsgaard, J.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 31
    • 33745183109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the mechanical and neural components of spastic hypertonia with modified H reflex
    • Huang CY, Wang CH, Hwang IS. Characterization of the mechanical and neural components of spastic hypertonia with modified H reflex. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 16: 384-391, 2006.
    • (2006) J Electromyogr Kinesiol , vol.16 , pp. 384-391
    • Huang, C.Y.1    Wang, C.H.2    Hwang, I.S.3
  • 32
    • 0038644183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in neuronal properties and spinal reflexes during development of spasticity following spinal cord lesions and stroke: Studies in animal models and patients
    • Hultborn H. Changes in neuronal properties and spinal reflexes during development of spasticity following spinal cord lesions and stroke: studies in animal models and patients. J Rehabil Med Suppl 41: 46-55, 2003. (Pubitemid 36833486)
    • (2003) Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, Supplement , Issue.41 , pp. 46-55
    • Hultborn, H.1
  • 33
    • 0024581861 scopus 로고
    • Spastic hypertonia: Mechanisms and measurement
    • Katz RT, Rymer WZ. Spastic hypertonia: mechanisms and measurement. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 70: 144-155, 1989.
    • (1989) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.70 , pp. 144-155
    • Katz, R.T.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 34
    • 0031423613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged firing in motor units: Evidence of plateau potentials in human motoneurons?
    • Kiehn O, Eken T. Prolonged firing in motor units: evidence of plateau potentials in human motoneurons? J Neurophysiol 78: 3061-3068, 1997. (Pubitemid 28098814)
    • (1997) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 3061-3068
    • Kiehn, O.1    Eken, T.2
  • 35
    • 33845890799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated interlimb neural coupling following stroke
    • Kline TL, Schmit BD, Kamper DG. Exaggerated interlimb neural coupling following stroke. Brain 130: 159-169, 2007.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 159-169
    • Kline, T.L.1    Schmit, B.D.2    Kamper, D.G.3
  • 36
    • 33746217759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of the persistent sodium current in spike initiation during slowly rising inputs in mouse spinal neurones
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107094
    • Kuo JJ, Lee RH, Zhang L, Heckman CJ. Essential role of the persistent sodium current in spike initiation during slowly rising inputs in mouse spinal neurones. J Physiol 574: 819-834, 2006. (Pubitemid 44089073)
    • (2006) Journal of Physiology , vol.574 , Issue.3 , pp. 819-834
    • Kuo, J.J.1    Lee, R.H.2    Zhang, L.3    Heckman, C.J.4
  • 37
    • 64849087934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired efficacy of spinal presynaptic mechanisms in spastic stroke patients
    • Lamy JC, Wargon I, Mazevet D, Ghanim Z, Pradat-Diehl P, Katz R. Impaired efficacy of spinal presynaptic mechanisms in spastic stroke patients. Brain 132: 734-748, 2009.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 734-748
    • Lamy, J.C.1    Wargon, I.2    Mazevet, D.3    Ghanim, Z.4    Pradat-Diehl, P.5    Katz, R.6
  • 38
    • 0019158017 scopus 로고
    • The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement (Robert Wartenberg Lecture)
    • Lance JW. The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement (Robert Wartenberg Lecture). Neurology 30: 1303-1313, 1980.
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 1303-1313
    • Lance, J.W.1
  • 39
    • 0029743470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of voltage-sensitive dendritic conductances on bistable firing and effective synaptic current in cat spinal motoneurons in vivo
    • Lee RH, Heckman CJ. Influence of voltage-sensitive dendritic conductances on bistable firing and effective synaptic current in cat spinal motoneurons in vivo. J Neurophysiol 76: 2107-2110, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 2107-2110
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 40
    • 0031866154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bistability in spinal motoneurons in vivo: Systematic variations in rhythmic firing patterns
    • Lee RH, Heckman CJ. Bistability in spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in rhythmic firing patterns. J Neurophysiol 80: 572-582, 1998a. (Pubitemid 28387642)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 572-582
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 41
    • 0031813246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bistability in spinal motoneurons in vivo: Systematic variations in persistent inward currents
    • Lee RH, Heckman CJ. Bistability in spinal motoneurons in vivo: systematic variations in persistent inward currents. J Neurophysiol 80: 583-593, 1998b. (Pubitemid 28387643)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 583-593
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 42
    • 0034279110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustable amplification of synaptic input in the dendrites of spinal motoneurons in vivo
    • Lee RH, Heckman CJ. Adjustable amplification of synaptic input in the dendrites of spinal motoneurons in vivo. J Neurosci 20: 6734-6740, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 6734-6740
    • Lee, R.H.1    Heckman, C.J.2
  • 43
    • 0037252958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of active dendritic currents on input- Output processing in spinal motoneurons in vivo
    • Lee RH, Kuo JJ, Jiang MC, Heckman CJ. Influence of active dendritic currents on input- output processing in spinal motoneurons in vivo. J Neurophysiol 89: 27-39, 2003.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 27-39
    • Lee, R.H.1    Kuo, J.J.2    Jiang, M.C.3    Heckman, C.J.4
  • 44
    • 37549027948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged quadriceps activity following imposed hip extension: A neurophysiological mechanism for stiff-knee gait?
    • Lewek MD, Hornby TG, Dhaher YY, Schmit BD. Prolonged quadriceps activity following imposed hip extension: a neurophysiological mechanism for stiff-knee gait? J Neurophysiol 98: 3153-3162, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 3153-3162
    • Lewek, M.D.1    Hornby, T.G.2    Dhaher, Y.Y.3    Schmit, B.D.4
  • 45
    • 0041816000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent sodium and calcium currents cause plateau potentials in motoneurons of chronic spinal rats
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00236.2003
    • Li Y, Bennett DJ. Persistent sodium and calcium currents cause plateau potentials in motoneurons of chronic spinal rats. J Neurophysiol 90: 857-869, 2003. (Pubitemid 37092571)
    • (2003) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 857-869
    • Li, Y.1    Bennett, D.J.2
  • 46
    • 0842327877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Persistent Sodium and Calcium Currents in Motoneuron Firing and Spasticity in Chronic Spinal Rats
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00788.2003
    • Li Y, Gorassini MA, Bennett DJ. Role of persistent sodium and calcium currents in motoneuron firing and spasticity in chronic spinal rats. J Neurophysiol 91: 767-783, 2004. (Pubitemid 38168850)
    • (2004) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 767-783
    • Li, Y.1    Gorassini, M.A.2    Bennett, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 20444411441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological signs of changes in motor units after ischaemic stroke
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.04.005, PII S1388245705001380
    • Lukacs M. Electrophysiological signs of changes in motor units after ischaemic stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 116: 1566-1570, 2005. (Pubitemid 40805437)
    • (2005) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.116 , Issue.7 , pp. 1566-1570
    • Lukacs, M.1
  • 49
    • 34447254017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased Contribution from Afferent Feedback to the Soleus Muscle during Walking in Patients with Spastic Stroke
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.01.003, PII S1052305707000158
    • Mazzaro N, Nielsen JF, Grey MJ, Sinkjaer T. Decreased contribution from afferent feedback to the soleus muscle during walking in patients with spastic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 16: 135-144, 2007. (Pubitemid 47048918)
    • (2007) Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 135-144
    • Mazzaro, N.1    Nielsen, J.F.2    Grey, M.J.3    Sinkjaer, T.4
  • 50
    • 57449093182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for increased activation of persistent inward currents in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke
    • McPherson JG, Ellis MD, Heckman C, Dewald JP. Evidence for increased activation of persistent inward currents in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. J Neurophysiol 100: 3236-3243, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 3236-3243
    • McPherson, J.G.1    Ellis, M.D.2    Heckman, C.3    Dewald, J.P.4
  • 51
    • 0035234413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface electromyography for noninvasive characterization of muscle
    • Merletti R, Rainoldi A, Farina D. Surface electromyography for noninvasive characterization of muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 29: 20-25, 2001. (Pubitemid 33597224)
    • (2001) Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Merletti, R.1    Rainoldi, A.2    Farina, D.3
  • 52
    • 70350329758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of intrinsic motoneuron properties in stroke induced spasticity
    • Program No. 652.6. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Mottram CJ, Suresh NL, Chikando CN, Rymer WZ. The role of intrinsic motoneuron properties in stroke induced spasticity. Program No. 652.6. 2006 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2006. Online.
    • (2006) 2006 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • Mottram, C.J.1    Suresh, N.L.2    Chikando, C.N.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 53
    • 70350320052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms contributing to spontaneous firing of motor units in the spastic biceps brachii of stroke survivors
    • Program No. 726.10. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Mottram CJ, Wallace CL, Chikando CN, Rymer WZ. Mechanisms contributing to spontaneous firing of motor units in the spastic biceps brachii of stroke survivors. Program No. 726.10. 2007 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2007. Online.
    • (2007) 2007 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • Mottram, C.J.1    Wallace, C.L.2    Chikando, C.N.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 57
    • 0023882205 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis
    • Powers RK, Marder-Meyer J, Rymer WZ. Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis. Ann Neurol 23: 115-124, 1988. (Pubitemid 18081448)
    • (1988) Annals of Neurology , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-124
    • Powers, R.K.1    Marder-Meyer, J.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 58
    • 55249105675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the contribution of intrinsic currents to motoneuron firing based on paired motoneuron discharge records in the decerebrate cat
    • Powers RK, Nardelli P, Cope TC. Estimation of the contribution of intrinsic currents to motoneuron firing based on paired motoneuron discharge records in the decerebrate cat. J Neurophysiol 100: 292-303, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 292-303
    • Powers, R.K.1    Nardelli, P.2    Cope, T.C.3
  • 59
    • 70350265660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral norepinephrine crosses the blood-brain barrier and contributes to spasms after spinal cord injury
    • Program No. 76.9/NN17. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Rank M, Vavrek R, Murray K, Sanelli L, Fouad K, Gorassini MA, Bennett DJ. Peripheral norepinephrine crosses the blood-brain barrier and contributes to spasms after spinal cord injury. Program No. 76.9/NN17. 2008 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2008. Online.
    • (2008) 2008 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • Rank, M.1    Vavrek, R.2    Murray, K.3    Sanelli, L.4    Fouad, K.5    Gorassini, M.A.6    Bennett, D.J.7
  • 61
    • 0019988028 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing motoneuron rhythmic firing: Results from a voltage-clamp study
    • Schwindt PC, Crill WE. Factors influencing motoneuron rhythmic firing: results from a voltage-clamp study. J Neurophysiol 48: 875-890, 1982.
    • (1982) J Neurophysiol , vol.48 , pp. 875-890
    • Schwindt, P.C.1    Crill, W.E.2
  • 62
    • 0345690181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory input to primate spinal cord is presynaptically inhibited during voluntary movement
    • DOI 10.1038/nn1154
    • Seki K, Perlmutter SI, Fetz EE. Sensory input to primate spinal cord is presynaptically inhibited during voluntary movement. Nat Neurosci 6: 1309-1316, 2003. (Pubitemid 37485125)
    • (2003) Nature Neuroscience , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 1309-1316
    • Seki, K.1    Perlmutter, S.I.2    Fetz, E.E.3
  • 63
    • 58849083734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal reflexes in ankle flexor and extensor muscles after chronic central nervous system lesions and functional electrical stimulation
    • Thompson AK, Estabrooks KL, Chong S, Stein RB. Spinal reflexes in ankle flexor and extensor muscles after chronic central nervous system lesions and functional electrical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23: 133-142, 2009.
    • (2009) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.23 , pp. 133-142
    • Thompson, A.K.1    Estabrooks, K.L.2    Chong, S.3    Stein, R.B.4
  • 64
    • 0034977550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous motor unit behavior in human thenar muscles after spinal cord injury
    • DOI 10.1002/mus.1094
    • Zijdewind I, Thomas CK. Spontaneous motor unit behavior in human thenar muscles after spinal cord injury. Muscle Nerve 24: 952-962, 2001. (Pubitemid 32549980)
    • (2001) Muscle and Nerve , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 952-962
    • Zijdewind, I.1    Thomas, C.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.