메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 468-477

Impact of early pharmacological treatment on cognitive and behavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury in adults: A meta-analysis

Author keywords

Acute; Adults; Meta analysis; Pharmacological treatment; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; ANATIBANT; DELTIBANT; DESMOPRESSIN; DEXANABINOL; GACYCLIDINE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NIMODIPINE; PLACEBO; REPINOTAN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MACROGOL; TRAXOPRODIL;

EID: 70349659167     PISSN: 02710749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181b66f04     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 31044434085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for severe traumatic brain injury resulting from road accidents: A population-based study
    • Javouhey E, Guerin A-C, Chiron M. Incidence and risk factors for severe traumatic brain injury resulting from road accidents: a population-based study. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38:225-233.
    • (2006) Accid Anal Prev. , vol.38 , pp. 225-233
    • Javouhey, E.1    Guerin, A.-C.2    Chiron, M.3
  • 2
    • 70349654346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention
    • Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
    • Elovic E, Zafonte R. Prevention. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc; 2005:727-747.
    • (2005) Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury , pp. 727-747
    • Elovic, E.1    Zafonte, R.2
  • 3
    • 27144442072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of mechanical and ischemic injury to cortical cells: Secondary ischemia increases damage and decreases effects of Neuroprotective agents
    • Engel DC, Slemmer JE, Vlug AS, et al. Combined effects of mechanical and ischemic injury to cortical cells: secondary ischemia increases damage and decreases effects of neuroprotective agents. Neuropharmacology. 2005;49:985-995.
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.49 , pp. 985-995
    • Engel, D.C.1    Slemmer, J.E.2    Vlug, A.S.3
  • 4
    • 0242659426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological management of the psychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury
    • Lee HB, Lyketsos CG, Rao V. Pharmacological management of the psychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003;15:359-370.
    • (2003) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 359-370
    • Lee, H.B.1    Lyketsos, C.G.2    Rao, V.3
  • 8
    • 0029904084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical mechanisms in brain injury and treatment: A review
    • Novack TA, Dillon MC, Jackson WT. Neurochemical mechanisms in brain injury and treatment: a review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996;18:685-706.
    • (1996) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. , vol.18 , pp. 685-706
    • Novack, T.A.1    Dillon, M.C.2    Jackson, W.T.3
  • 9
    • 14344264155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and ionized plasma magnesium concentrations in children after traumatic brain injury
    • Mendez DR, Corbett R, Macias C, et al. Total and ionized plasma magnesium concentrations in children after traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Res. 2005;57:347-352.
    • (2005) Pediatr Res. , vol.57 , pp. 347-352
    • Mendez, D.R.1    Corbett, R.2    MacIas, C.3
  • 10
    • 70349674155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy of prevention
    • Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
    • Shimuzu S, Fulp CT, Royo NC, et al. Pharmacotherapy of prevention. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc; 2005:699-726.
    • (2005) Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury , pp. 699-726
    • Shimuzu, S.1    Fulp, C.T.2    Royo, N.C.3
  • 11
    • 9144249728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of traumatic brain injury: Some current evidence and applications
    • Guha A. Management of traumatic brain injury: some current evidence and applications. Postgrad Med J. 2004;80:650-653.
    • (2004) Postgrad Med J. , vol.80 , pp. 650-653
    • Guha, A.1
  • 12
    • 27844508155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of traumatic brain injury with orthotic considerations
    • Dieli J. Review of traumatic brain injury with orthotic considerations. J Prosthet Orthot. 2002;14:31-35.
    • (2002) J Prosthet Orthot. , vol.14 , pp. 31-35
    • Dieli, J.1
  • 13
    • 0032233458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigational neuroprotective drugs in traumatic brain injury
    • Cawley MJ, Marburger RK, Earl GL. Investigational neuroprotective drugs in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Nurs. 1998;30:369-374.
    • (1998) J Neurosci Nurs. , vol.30 , pp. 369-374
    • Cawley, M.J.1    Marburger, R.K.2    Earl, G.L.3
  • 14
    • 0031280270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious brain injury from traffic-related causes: Priorities for primary prevention
    • Viano D, von Holst H, Gordon E. Serious brain injury from traffic-related causes: priorities for primary prevention. Accid Anal Prev. 1997;29:811-816.
    • (1997) Accid Anal Prev. , vol.29 , pp. 811-816
    • Viano, D.1    Von Holst, H.2    Gordon, E.3
  • 15
    • 0034787937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection and traumatic brain injury
    • Faden AI. Neuroprotection and traumatic brain injury. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1553-1555.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol. , vol.58 , pp. 1553-1555
    • Faden, A.I.1
  • 16
    • 5044221495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection in the rat lateral fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury by SNX-185, an N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker
    • Lee LL, Galo E, Lyeth BG, et al. Neuroprotection in the rat lateral fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury by SNX-185, an N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. Exp Neurol. 2004;190:70-78.
    • (2004) Exp Neurol. , vol.190 , pp. 70-78
    • Lee, L.L.1    Galo, E.2    Lyeth, B.G.3
  • 17
    • 0037012770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antioxidant, OPC-14117, on secondary cellular damage and behavioral deficits following cortical contusion in the rat
    • Aoyama N, Katayama Y, Kawamata T, et al. Effects of antioxidant, OPC-14117, on secondary cellular damage and behavioral deficits following cortical contusion in the rat. Brain Res. 2002;934:117-124.
    • (2002) Brain Res. , vol.934 , pp. 117-124
    • Aoyama, N.1    Katayama, Y.2    Kawamata, T.3
  • 18
    • 0036674858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LF 16-0687 Ms, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, reduces brain edema and improves long-term neurological function recovery after closed head trauma in rats
    • Kaplanski J, Pruneau D, Asa I, et al. LF 16-0687 Ms, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, reduces brain edema and improves long-term neurological function recovery after closed head trauma in rats. J Neurotrauma. 2002;19:953-964.
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma. , vol.19 , pp. 953-964
    • Kaplanski, J.1    Pruneau, D.2    Asa, I.3
  • 19
    • 0035807380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endogenous cannabinoid (2-AG) is neuroprotective after brain injury
    • Panikashvili D, Simeonidou C, Ben-Shabat S, et al. An endogenous cannabinoid (2-AG) is neuroprotective after brain injury. Nature. 2001;413:527-531.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 527-531
    • Panikashvili, D.1    Simeonidou, C.2    Ben-Shabat, S.3
  • 20
    • 0034433476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral protection by the neuronal calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a model of traumatic diffuse brain injury in rats
    • Berman RF, Verweij BH, Muizelaar JP. Neurobehavioral protection by the neuronal calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a model of traumatic diffuse brain injury in rats. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:821-828.
    • (2000) J Neurosurg. , vol.93 , pp. 821-828
    • Berman, R.F.1    Verweij, B.H.2    Muizelaar, J.P.3
  • 21
    • 0027132491 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists kynurenate and indole-2-carboxylic acid on behavioral and neurochemical outcome following experimental brain injury
    • Smith DH, Okiyama K, Thomas MJ, et al. Effects of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists kynurenate and indole-2-carboxylic acid on behavioral and neurochemical outcome following experimental brain injury. J Neurosci. 1993;13:5383-5392.
    • (1993) J Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 5383-5392
    • Smith, D.H.1    Okiyama, K.2    Thomas, M.J.3
  • 22
    • 0027303023 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury
    • Smith DH, Okiyama K, Gennarelli TA, et al. Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury. Neurosci Lett. 1993;157:211-214.
    • (1993) Neurosci Lett. , vol.157 , pp. 211-214
    • Smith, D.H.1    Okiyama, K.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3
  • 23
    • 0024384672 scopus 로고
    • Effect of D,alpha-tocopheryl succinate and polyethylene glycol on performance tests after fluid percussion brain injury
    • Clifton GL, Lyeth B-G, Jenkins LW, et al. Effect of D,alpha-tocopheryl succinate and polyethylene glycol on performance tests after fluid percussion brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 1989;6:71-81.
    • (1989) J Neurotrauma. , vol.6 , pp. 71-81
    • Clifton, G.L.1    Lyeth, B.-G.2    Jenkins, L.W.3
  • 24
    • 0036260647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials in head injury
    • Group TCTiHIS
    • Narayan RK, Michel ME, Group TCTiHIS. Clinical trials in head injury. J Neurotrauma. 2002;19:503-557.
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma. , vol.19 , pp. 503-557
    • Narayan, R.K.1    Michel, M.E.2
  • 25
    • 31044453436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the selective NMDA receptor antagonist traxoprodil in the treatment of traumatic brain injury
    • Yurkewicz L, Weaver J, Bullock MR, et al. The effect of the selective NMDA receptor antagonist traxoprodil in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22:1428-1443.
    • (2005) J Neurotrauma. , vol.22 , pp. 1428-1443
    • Yurkewicz, L.1    Weaver, J.2    Bullock, M.R.3
  • 26
    • 3042517848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of gacyclidine: A multicenter double-blind pilot trial in patients with acute traumatic brain injury
    • Lepeintre J-F, D'Arbigny P, Mathe J-F, et al. Neuroprotective effect of gacyclidine: a multicenter double-blind pilot trial in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Neurochirurgie. 2004;50:83-95.
    • (2004) Neurochirurgie , vol.50 , pp. 83-95
    • Lepeintre, J.-F.1    D'Arbigny, P.2    Mathe, J.-F.3
  • 27
    • 0032971378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol in the treatment of moderate and severe head injury: A randomized, prospective double-blinded pilot trial
    • Kelly DF, Goodale DB, Williams J, et al. Propofol in the treatment of moderate and severe head injury: a randomized, prospective double-blinded pilot trial. J Neurosurg. 1999;90:1042-1052.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg. , vol.90 , pp. 1042-1052
    • Kelly, D.F.1    Goodale, D.B.2    Williams, J.3
  • 28
    • 0032850675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First observations of the safety and tolerability of a competitive antagonist to the glutamate NMDA receptor (GCS 19755) in patients with severe head injury
    • Stewart L, Bullock R, Teasdale GM, et al. First observations of the safety and tolerability of a competitive antagonist to the glutamate NMDA receptor (GCS 19755) in patients with severe head injury. J Neurotrauma. 1999;16:843-850.
    • (1999) J Neurotrauma. , vol.16 , pp. 843-850
    • Stewart, L.1    Bullock, R.2    Teasdale, G.M.3
  • 29
    • 33845309465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury: A randomised controlled trial
    • Temkin NR, Anderson GD, Winn HR, et al. Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:29-38.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol. , vol.6 , pp. 29-38
    • Temkin, N.R.1    Anderson, G.D.2    Winn, H.R.3
  • 30
    • 0034700968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: A randomized trial
    • Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Winn HR, et al. Neuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2000;54:895-902.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 895-902
    • Dikmen, S.S.1    MacHamer, J.E.2    Winn, H.R.3
  • 31
    • 0033388098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: Results of two phase III clinical trials
    • Morris GF, Bullock R, Bowers Marshall S, et al. Failure of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials. J Neurosurg. 1999;91:737-743.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg. , vol.91 , pp. 737-743
    • Morris, G.F.1    Bullock, R.2    Bowers Marshall, S.3
  • 32
    • 0031657984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial on the efficacy of using tirilazad mesylate in cases of head injury
    • Marshall LF, Maas AIR, Marshall SB, et al. A multicenter trial on the efficacy of using tirilazad mesylate in cases of head injury. J Neurosurg. 1998;89:519-525.
    • (1998) J Neurosurg. , vol.89 , pp. 519-525
    • Marshall, L.F.1    Maas, A.I.R.2    Marshall, S.B.3
  • 33
    • 0029761661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patients with severe head injury: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
    • Young B, Runge JW, Waxman KS, et al. Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patients with severe head injury: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1996;276:538-543.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 538-543
    • Young, B.1    Runge, J.W.2    Waxman, K.S.3
  • 34
    • 0027414276 scopus 로고
    • Improving the outcome of severe head injury with the oxygen radical scavenger polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase: A phase II trial
    • Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Young HF, et al. Improving the outcome of severe head injury with the oxygen radical scavenger polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase: a phase II trial. J Neurosurg. 1993;78:375-382.
    • (1993) J Neurosurg. , vol.78 , pp. 375-382
    • Muizelaar, J.P.1    Marmarou, A.2    Young, H.F.3
  • 35
    • 0028356736 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial of the efficacy of nimodipine on outcome after severe head injury
    • The European Study Group on Nimodipine in Severe Head Injury
    • The European Study Group on Nimodipine in Severe Head Injury. A multicenter trial of the efficacy of nimodipine on outcome after severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:797-804.
    • (1994) J Neurosurg. , vol.80 , pp. 797-804
  • 36
    • 0026710102 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of nimodipine in severe head injury: HIT 1
    • Bailey I, Bell A, Gray J, et al. A randomized trial of nimodipine in severe head injury: HIT 1. J Neurotrauma. 1992;9(suppl 2):S545YS550.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma. , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bailey, I.1    Bell, A.2    Gray, J.3
  • 37
    • 0025863565 scopus 로고
    • A trial of the effect of nimodipine on outcome after head injury
    • Bailey I, Bell A, Gray J, et al. A trial of the effect of nimodipine on outcome after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1991;110:97-105.
    • (1991) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.110 , pp. 97-105
    • Bailey, I.1    Bell, A.2    Gray, J.3
  • 38
    • 33646112388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Du rire aux larmes: Pathological laughing and crying in patients with traumatic brain injury and treatment with lamotrigine
    • Chahine LM, Chemali Z. Du rire aux larmes: pathological laughing and crying in patients with traumatic brain injury and treatment with lamotrigine. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;8(3):610-615.
    • (2006) Epilepsy Behav. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 610-615
    • Chahine, L.M.1    Chemali, Z.2
  • 39
    • 0033731917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulating consciousness and cognition following severe brain injury: A new potential clinical use for lamotrigine
    • Chatham-Showalter PE, Netsky Kimmel D. Stimulating consciousness and cognition following severe brain injury: a new potential clinical use for lamotrigine. Brain Inj. 2000;14:997-1001.
    • (2000) Brain Inj. , vol.14 , pp. 997-1001
    • Chatham-Showalter, P.E.1    Netsky Kimmel, D.2
  • 40
    • 0032855891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine in agitation and aggressive behaviour following severe closed-head injury: Results of an open trial
    • Azouvi P, Jokic C, Attal N, et al. Carbamazepine in agitation and aggressive behaviour following severe closed-head injury: results of an open trial. Brain Inj. 1999;13:797-804.
    • (1999) Brain Inj. , vol.13 , pp. 797-804
    • Azouvi, P.1    Jokic, C.2    Attal, N.3
  • 41
    • 0030029094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine for combativeness in acute traumatic brain injury
    • Chatham-Showalter PE. Carbamazepine for combativeness in acute traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996;8:96-99.
    • (1996) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 96-99
    • Chatham-Showalter, P.E.1
  • 42
    • 0348143414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of nimodipine in the treatment of severe diffuse head injury: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Pillai SV, Kolluri VRS, Mohanty A, et al. Evaluation of nimodipine in the treatment of severe diffuse head injury: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Neurol India. 2003;51:361-363.
    • (2003) Neurol India , vol.51 , pp. 361-363
    • Pillai, S.V.1    Kolluri, V.R.S.2    Mohanty, A.3
  • 43
    • 0029098104 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of patients with severe head injury by triamcinolone: A prospective, controlled multicenter clinical trial of 396 cases
    • Grumme T, Baethmann A, Kolodziejczyk D, et al. Treatment of patients with severe head injury by triamcinolone: a prospective, controlled multicenter clinical trial of 396 cases. Res Exp Med (Berl). 1995;195:217-229.
    • (1995) Res Exp Med (Berl) , vol.195 , pp. 217-229
    • Grumme, T.1    Baethmann, A.2    Kolodziejczyk, D.3
  • 44
    • 0019460158 scopus 로고
    • The clinical outcome of patients with severe head injuries, treated with high-dose dexamethasone, hyperventilation and barbituates
    • Hoppe E, Christensen L, Christensen KN. The clinical outcome of patients with severe head injuries, treated with high-dose dexamethasone, hyperventilation and barbituates. Neurochirurgia. 1981;24:17-20.
    • (1981) Neurochirurgia. , vol.24 , pp. 17-20
    • Hoppe, E.1    Christensen, L.2    Christensen, K.N.3
  • 45
    • 20444399890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injuryVoutcomes at 6 months
    • CRASH Trial Collaborators
    • CRASH Trial Collaborators. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injuryVoutcomes at 6 months. Lancet. 2005;365: 1957-1959.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1957-1959
  • 46
    • 0028149767 scopus 로고
    • BUltrahigh[ dexamethasone in acute brain injury: Results from a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial (GUDHIS*)
    • Gaab MR, Trost HA, Alcantara A, et al. BUltrahigh[ dexamethasone in acute brain injury: results from a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial (GUDHIS*). Zentralbl Neurochir. 1994;55:135-143.
    • (1994) Zentralbl Neurochir. , vol.55 , pp. 135-143
    • Gaab, M.R.1    Trost, H.A.2    Alcantara, A.3
  • 47
    • 0027390871 scopus 로고
    • Effect of THAM upon outcome in severe head injury: A randomized prospective clinical trial
    • Wolf AI, Levi L, Marmarou A, et al. Effect of THAM upon outcome in severe head injury: a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1993;78:54-59.
    • (1993) J Neurosurg. , vol.78 , pp. 54-59
    • Wolf, A.I.1    Levi, L.2    Marmarou, A.3
  • 48
    • 0022630772 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on outcome from severe head injury
    • Dearden NM, Gibson JS, McDowall DG, et al. Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on outcome from severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1986;64:81-88.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg. , vol.64 , pp. 81-88
    • Dearden, N.M.1    Gibson, J.S.2    McDowall, D.G.3
  • 49
    • 0021189271 scopus 로고
    • High dose glucocorticoids in the management of severe head injury
    • Giannotta SL, Weiss MH, Apuzzo MLJ, et al. High dose glucocorticoids in the management of severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 1984;15:497-501.
    • (1984) Neurosurgery , vol.15 , pp. 497-501
    • Giannotta, S.L.1    Weiss, M.H.2    Apuzzo, M.L.J.3
  • 50
    • 0020673332 scopus 로고
    • Megadose steroids in severe head injury: Results of a prospective double-blind clinical trial
    • Braakman R, Schouten HJA, Blaauw-van Dishoeck M, et al. Megadose steroids in severe head injury: Results of a prospective double-blind clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1983;58:326-330.
    • (1983) J Neurosurg. , vol.58 , pp. 326-330
    • Braakman, R.1    Schouten, H.J.A.2    Blaauw-Van Dishoeck, M.3
  • 51
    • 0019524246 scopus 로고
    • Steroids in severe head injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial
    • Saul TG, Ducker TB, Salcman M, et al. Steroids in severe head injury: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:596-600.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg. , vol.54 , pp. 596-600
    • Saul, T.G.1    Ducker, T.B.2    Salcman, M.3
  • 52
    • 0023685828 scopus 로고
    • Stimulant treatment for the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury
    • Gualtieri CT, Evans RW. Stimulant treatment for the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1988;2:273-290.
    • (1988) Brain Inj. , vol.2 , pp. 273-290
    • Gualtieri, C.T.1    Evans, R.W.2
  • 53
    • 21344468200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological stimulant treatment of neurocognitive and functional deficits after traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury
    • Napolitano E, Elovic EP, Qureshi AI. Pharmacological stimulant treatment of neurocognitive and functional deficits after traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury. Med Sci Monit. 2005;11: RA212YRA220.
    • (2005) Med Sci Monit. , vol.11
    • Napolitano, E.1    Elovic, E.P.2    Qureshi, A.I.3
  • 54
    • 85047697910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repinotan (BAY X 3702): A 5HT1A agonist in traumatically brain injured patients
    • Ohman J, Braakman R, Legout V. Repinotan (BAY X 3702): a 5HT1A agonist in traumatically brain injured patients. J Neurotrauma. 2001;18:1313-1321.
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma. , vol.18 , pp. 1313-1321
    • Ohman, J.1    Braakman, R.2    Legout, V.3
  • 55
    • 0028260152 scopus 로고
    • Use of dihydroergotamine in patients with postconcussion syndrome
    • McBeath JG, Nanda A. Use of dihydroergotamine in patients with postconcussion syndrome. Headache. 1994;34:148-151.
    • (1994) Headache , vol.34 , pp. 148-151
    • McBeath, J.G.1    Nanda, A.2
  • 56
    • 0036192049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial
    • Knoller N, Levi L, Shoshan I, et al. Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:548-554.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 548-554
    • Knoller, N.1    Levi, L.2    Shoshan, I.3
  • 57
    • 85052610455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of cerebrolysin on moderate and severe head injury patients: Result of a cohort study
    • Wong GKC, Zhu XL, Poon WS. Beneficial effect of cerebrolysin on moderate and severe head injury patients: result of a cohort study. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005;95:59-60.
    • (2005) Acta Neurochir Suppl. , vol.95 , pp. 59-60
    • Wong, G.K.C.1    Zhu, X.L.2    Poon, W.S.3
  • 58
    • 31044440134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single dose, three-arm, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist Anatibant (LF16-0687Ms) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • Marmarou A, Guy M, Murphey L, et al. A single dose, three-arm, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist Anatibant (LF16-0687Ms) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22:1444-1455.
    • (2005) J Neurotrauma. , vol.22 , pp. 1444-1455
    • Marmarou, A.1    Guy, M.2    Murphey, L.3
  • 59
    • 0033034999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP-1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: Results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Marmarou A, Nichols J, Burgess J, et al. Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP-1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: Results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurotrauma. 1999;16:431-444.
    • (1999) J Neurotrauma. , vol.16 , pp. 431-444
    • Marmarou, A.1    Nichols, J.2    Burgess, J.3
  • 60
    • 0031716315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain contusions: A clinical role for the kinin antagonist CP-0127
    • Narotam PK, Rodell TC, Nadvi SS, et al. Traumatic brain contusions: a clinical role for the kinin antagonist CP-0127. Acta Neurochir. 1998;140:793-803.
    • (1998) Acta Neurochir. , vol.140 , pp. 793-803
    • Narotam, P.K.1    Rodell, T.C.2    Nadvi, S.S.3
  • 61
    • 0024519769 scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) in short-term recovery from minor head injury
    • Filipova M, Jung M, Krejcova H. Clinical efficacy of 1-desamino-8-D- arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) in short-term recovery from minor head injury. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1989;4:47-50.
    • (1989) Hum Psychopharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 47-50
    • Filipova, M.1    Jung, M.2    Krejcova, H.3
  • 62
    • 29044436727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dexanabinol in severe traumatic brain injury: Results of a phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
    • Maas AIR, Murray G, Henney H, et al. Efficacy and safety of dexanabinol in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Lancet. 2006;5:38-45.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.5 , pp. 38-45
    • Maas, A.I.R.1    Murray, G.2    Henney, H.3
  • 63
    • 0027498172 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial with vasopressin analogue (DGAVP) on cognitive recovery immediately after head trauma
    • Bohnen NI, Twijnstra A, Jolles J. A controlled trial with vasopressin analogue (DGAVP) on cognitive recovery immediately after head trauma. Neurology. 1993;43:103-106.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 103-106
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Twijnstra, A.2    Jolles, J.3
  • 66
    • 0031839480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression, cognition, and functional correlates of recovery outcome after traumatic brain injury
    • Satz P, Forney DL, Zaucha K, et al. Depression, cognition, and functional correlates of recovery outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1998;12:537-553.
    • (1998) Brain Inj. , vol.12 , pp. 537-553
    • Satz, P.1    Forney, D.L.2    Zaucha, K.3
  • 67
    • 85047673975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs
    • Morris SB, DeShon RP. Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychol Methods. 2002;7:105-125.
    • (2002) Psychol Methods , vol.7 , pp. 105-125
    • Morris, S.B.1    Deshon, R.P.2
  • 68
    • 33947398836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of Glasgow coma and outcome scales
    • Jennett B. Development of Glasgow coma and outcome scales. Nepal J Neurosci. 2005;2:24-28.
    • (2005) Nepal J Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 24-28
    • Jennett, B.1
  • 69
    • 0000712686 scopus 로고
    • Measurement scales and statistics: The misconception misconceived
    • Townsend JT, Ashby FG. Measurement scales and statistics: the misconception misconceived. Psychol Bull. 1984;96:394-401.
    • (1984) Psychol Bull , vol.96 , pp. 394-401
    • Townsend, J.T.1    Ashby, F.G.2
  • 70
    • 2142715193 scopus 로고
    • Measurement scales and statistics: Resurgence of an old misconception
    • Gaito J. Measurement scales and statistics: resurgence of an old misconception. Psychol Bull. 1980;87:564-567.
    • (1980) Psychol Bull , vol.87 , pp. 564-567
    • Gaito, J.1
  • 71
    • 0033159424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging the gap between the pros and cons in treating ordinal scales as interval scales from an analysis point of view
    • Wang S-T, Yu M-L, Wang C-J, et al. Bridging the gap between the pros and cons in treating ordinal scales as interval scales from an analysis point of view. Nurs Res. 1999;48:226-229.
    • (1999) Nurs Res. , vol.48 , pp. 226-229
    • Wang, S.-T.1    Yu, M.-L.2    Wang, C.-J.3
  • 72
    • 0034858934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: Formulae, illustrative numerical examples, and heuristic interpretation of effect size analyses for neuropsychological researchers
    • Zakzanis KK. Statistics to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: formulae, illustrative numerical examples, and heuristic interpretation of effect size analyses for neuropsychological researchers. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;16:653-667.
    • (2001) Arch Clin Neuropsychol. , vol.16 , pp. 653-667
    • Zakzanis, K.K.1
  • 76
    • 11944272254 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods in psychology: A power primer
    • Cohen J. Quantitative methods in psychology: a power primer. Psychol Bull. 1992;112:155-159.
    • (1992) Psychol Bull. , vol.112 , pp. 155-159
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 79
    • 0031156871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a tool to rate the quality assessment of randomized controlled trials using a Delphi technique
    • Sindhu F, Carpenter L, Seers K. Development of a tool to rate the quality assessment of randomized controlled trials using a Delphi technique. J Adv Nurs. 1997;25:1262-1268.
    • (1997) J Adv Nurs. , vol.25 , pp. 1262-1268
    • Sindhu, F.1    Carpenter, L.2    Seers, K.3
  • 81
    • 3543040900 scopus 로고
    • Writing meta-analytic reviews
    • Rosenthal R. Writing meta-analytic reviews. Psychol Bull. 1995;118:183-192.
    • (1995) Psychol Bull. , vol.118 , pp. 183-192
    • Rosenthal, R.1
  • 82
    • 0002981973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology
    • Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
    • Kraus JF, Chu LD. Epidemiology. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, eds. Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc; 2005:3-26.
    • (2005) Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury , pp. 3-26
    • Kraus, J.F.1    Chu, L.D.2
  • 83
    • 1842627674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outcome of patients with severe head injuries treated with amantadine sulphate
    • Saniova B, Drobny M, Kneslova L, et al. The outcome of patients with severe head injuries treated with amantadine sulphate. J Neural Transm. 2004;111:511-514.
    • (2004) J Neural Transm. , vol.111 , pp. 511-514
    • Saniova, B.1    Drobny, M.2    Kneslova, L.3
  • 85
    • 0025871180 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of postconcussional symptoms with CDP-choline
    • Levin HS. Treatment of postconcussional symptoms with CDP-choline. J Neurol Sci. 1991;103:S39YS42.
    • (1991) J Neurol Sci. , vol.103
    • Levin, H.S.1
  • 86
    • 0025616473 scopus 로고
    • The British/Finnish Co-operative Head Injury Trial Group. the effect of nimodipine on outcome after head injury: A prospective randomised control trial
    • Teasdale GM, Bailey I, Bell A, et al. The British/Finnish Co-operative Head Injury Trial Group. The effect of nimodipine on outcome after head injury: a prospective randomised control trial. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1990;51:315-316.
    • (1990) Acta Neurochir Suppl. , vol.51 , pp. 315-316
    • Teasdale, G.M.1    Bailey, I.2    Bell, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.