Cholinesterase inhibition: Is there evidence for disease-modifying effects?

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Volumn 25, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2439-2446

  Shanks, Michael ^a   Kivipelto, Miia ^b   Bullock, Roger ^c   Lane, Roger ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^c VICTORIA HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d NOVARTIS PHARMA AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's disease; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase inhibition; Disease modification

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DONEPEZIL; GALANTAMINE; PLACEBO; RIVASTIGMINE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NOTE; PATHOGENESIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS;

EID: 70349306585     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: 14734877     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/03007990903209332     Document Type: Note

References (45)

1. Doody RS, Stevens JC, Beck C, et al. Practice parameter: management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2001;56(9):1154-1166
2. Waldemar G, Dubois B, Emre M, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline. Eur J Neurol 2007;14(1):e1-26 (Pubitemid 46088015)
3. Gauthier S. Long-term efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors. Brain Aging 2002;2:9-22
4. Poirier J. Evidence that the clinical effects of cholinesterase inhibitors are related to potency and targeting of action. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2002;127(Suppl):6-19 (Pubitemid 34778527)
5. Farlow M, Anand R, Messina Jr J, et al. A 52-week study of the efficacy of rivastigmine in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 2000;44(4):236-241 (Pubitemid 30953224)
6. Farlow M, Potkin S, Koumaras B, et al. Analysis of outcome in retrieved dropout patients in a rivastigmine vs placebo, 26-week, Alzheimer disease trial. Arch Neurol 2003;60(6):843-848 (Pubitemid 36705972)
7. Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Wessel T, et al. Galantamine in AD: A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension. The Galantamine USA-1 Study Group. Neurology 2000;54(12):2261-2268 (Pubitemid 30416276)
8. Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, et al. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med 2005;352(23):2379-2388 (Pubitemid 40958434)
9. Winblad B, Gauthier S, Scinto L, et al. Safety and efficacy of galantamine in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2008;70:2024-2035
10. Feldman HH, Ferris S, Winblad B, et al. Effect of rivastigmine on delay to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from mild cognitive impairment: the InDDEx study. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(6):501-512 (Pubitemid 46738627)
11. Visser PJ, Scheltens P, Verhey FR. Do MCI criteria in drug trials accurately identify subjects with predementia Alzheimer's disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76(10):1348-1354
12. Ferris S, Lane R, Sfikas N, et al. Treatment response to rivastigmine in mild cognitive impairment: an enhanced statistical modeling approach Gender Med 2009;6:345-355
13. Nordberg A. Mechanisms behind the neuroprotective actions of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2006;20(2 Suppl. 1):S12-18 (Pubitemid 44305904)
14. Mesulam MM. Some cholinergic themes related to Alzheimer's disease: synaptology of the nucleus basalis, location of m2 receptors, interactions with amyloid metabolism, and perturbations of cortical plasticity. J Physiol Paris 1998;92(3-4):293-298
15. Mesulam MM. The cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex. Prog Brain Res 2004;145:67-78 (Pubitemid 37442935)
16. Mesulam MM, Geula C. Butyrylcholinesterase reactivity differentiates the amyloid plaques of aging from those of dementia. Ann Neurol 1994;36(5):722-727 (Pubitemid 24337630)
17. Holmes C, Ballard C, Lehmann D, et al. Rate of progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: effect of butyrylcholinesterase K gene variation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76(5):640-643 (Pubitemid 40569672)
18. Darvesh S, Hopkins DA. Differential distribution of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol 2003;463(1):25-43 (Pubitemid 36835411)
19. Giacobini E. Butyrylcholinesterase: its role in brain function. In: Giacobini E (ed.) Butyrylcholinesterase: Its Function and Inhibitors. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003:1-20
20. Bartzokis G. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may improve myelin integrity. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62(4):294-301 (Pubitemid 47454515)
21. Legrand C, Ghandour MS, Clos J. Histochemical and biochemical studies of butyrylcholinesterase activity in adult and developing cerebellum. Effects of abnormal thyroid state and undernutrition. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1983;9(6):433-453
22. Bartzokis G. Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004;25(1):5-18; author reply 49-62 (Pubitemid 37522186)
23. Lane R, He Y. Roles of butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholine and gender in neurodegeneration. in preparation
24. Weinstock M. Selectivity of cholinesterase inhibition. Clinical implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drugs 1999;12(4):307-323
25. Davies P, Maloney AJ. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1976;2(8000):1403 (Pubitemid 8004505)
26. Nizri E, Hamra-Amitay Y, Sicsic C, et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of cholinergic up-regulation: a new role for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2006;50(5):540-547
27. Greig NH, Utsuki T, Ingram DK, et al. Selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibition elevates brain acetylcholine, augments learning and lowers Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide in rodent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102(47):17213-17218 (Pubitemid 41692709)
28. Lane R, Farlow M. Lipid homeostasis and apolipoprotein E in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2005;46:949-968 (Pubitemid 43309219)
29. Lane RM, Potkin SG, Enz A. Targeting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in dementia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;9(1):101-124
30. Ferris S, Feldman H, Nordberg A, et al. Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's disease: effects of gender, butyrylcholinesterase genotype and rivastigmine treatment. Pharmacogenet Genom 2009;19:635-646
31. Cedazo-Minguez A, Cowburn RF. Apolipoprotein E: a major piece in the Alzheimer's disease puzzle. J Cell Mol Med 2001;5(3):254-266
32. Lane R, He Y. Emerging hypotheses regarding the influences of butyrylcholinesterase- K variant, APOE ε4, and hyperhomocysteinemia in neurodegenerative dementias. Medical Hypotheses 2009;73:230-250
33. Venneri A, McGeown WJ, Shanks MF. Empirical evidence of neuroprotection by dual cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2005;16(2):107-110 (Pubitemid 40250379)
34. Venneri A, Lane R. Effects of cholinesterase inhibition on brain white matter volume in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2009;20:285-288
35. Wright CI, Geula C, Mesulam MM. Neurological cholinesterases in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability. Ann Neurol 1993;34(3):373-384 (Pubitemid 23259607)
36. Nordberg A, Darreh-Shori T, Peskind E, et al. Different cholinesterase inhibitor effects on CSF cholinesterases in Alzheimer patients. Current Alzheimer Research 2009;6:3-13
37. Stefanova E, Blennow K, Almkvist O, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid-beta-amyloid1-42 (CSF-Abeta42), tau and apolipoprotein E genotype in long-term rivastigmine and tacrine treated Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Neurosci Lett 2003;338(2):159-163 (Pubitemid 36140161)
38. McGeown W, Shanks M, Forbes-McKay K, et al. Established donepezil treatment modulates task relevant regional brain activation in early Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research 2009;in press
39. DeCarli C. The role of neuroimaging in dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 2001;17(2):255-279
40. Venneri A. Imaging treatment effects in Alzheimer's disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25(6):953-968 (Pubitemid 47081351)
41. Kadir A, Darreh-Shori T, Almkvist O, et al. Changes in brain 11C-nicotine binding sites in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease following rivastigmine treatment as assessed by PET. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;191(4):1005-1014 (Pubitemid 46399149)
42. Bullock R, Touchon J, Bergman H, et al. Rivastigmine and donepezil treatment in moderate to moderately-severe Alzheimer's disease over a 2-year period. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21(8):1317-1327 (Pubitemid 41140736)
43. Blesa R, Bullock R, He Y, et al. Effect of butyrylcholinesterase genotype on the response to rivastigmine or donepezil in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenet Genom 2006;16(11):771-774 (Pubitemid 44632290)
44. Bullock R, Bergman H, Touchon J, et al. Effect of age on response to rivastigmine or donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22(3):483-494
45. Touchon J, Bergman H, Bullock R, et al. Response to rivastigmine or donepezil in Alzheimer's patients with symptoms suggestive of concomitant Lewy body pathology. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22(1):49-59 (Pubitemid 43106907)