Scientific and technical challenges in remote sensing of plant canopy reflectance and fluorescence

Journal of Experimental Botany

Volumn 60, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 2987-3004

  Malenovský, Zbynk ^a,b   Mishra, Kumud Bandhu ^c,d   Zemek, Frantiek ^c   Rascher, Uwe ^e   Nedbal, Ladislav ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA   (Czech Republic)

^e FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Chlorophyll fluorescence; Optical remote sensing; Photosynthesis dynamics; Reflectance; Vegetation primary production

Indexed keywords

CHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE; INSTRUMENTATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TELECOMMUNICATION;

FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PLANTS; SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS;

EID: 70349161675     PISSN: 00220957     EISSN: 14602431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp156     Document Type: Review

References (191)

1. Agati G, Cerovic ZG, Moya I. 2000. The effect of decreasing temperature up to chilling values on the in vivo F685/F735 chlorophyll fluorescence ratio in Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum: The role of the photosystem I contribution to the 735 nm fluorescence band. Photochemistry and Photobiology 72, 75-84.
2. Agati G, Fusi F, Mazzinghi P, Dipaolo ML. 1993. A simple approach to the evaluation of the reabsorption of chlorophyll fluorescence-spectra in intact leaves. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology 17, 163-171.
3. Al-Abbas AH, Barr R, Hall JD, Crane FL, Baumgard MF. 1974. Spectra of normal and nutrient-deficient maize leaves. Agronomy Journal 66, 16-20.
4. Alonso L, Gómez-Chova L, Vila-Frances JL, Amorós-Lopez J, Guanter L, Calpe J, Moreno J. 2008. Improved Fraunhofer line discrimination method for vegetation fluorescence quantification. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 5, 4.
5. Ananyev G, Kolber ZS, Klimov D, Falkowski PG, Berry JA, Rascher U, Martin R, Osmond B. 2005. Remote sensing of heterogeneity in photosynthetic efficiency, electron transport and dissipation of excess light in Populus deltoides stands under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations, and in a tropical forest canopy, using a new laser-induced fluorescence transient device. Global Change Biology 11, 1195-1206.
6. Asner GP. 1998. Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment 64, 234-253.
7. Bacour C, Jacquemoud S, Tourbier Y, Dechambre M, Frangi JP. 2002. Design and analysis of numerical experiments to compare four canopy reflectance models. Remote Sensing of Environment 79, 72-83.
8. Bacour C, Baret F, Beal D, Weiss M, Pavageau K. 2006. Neural network estimation of LAI, fAPAR, fCover and LAIxC(ab), from top of canopy MERIS reflectance data: principles and validation. Remote Sensing of Environment 105, 313-325.
9. Baker NR. 2008. Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59, 89-113.
10. Baldocchi D, Falge E, Gu LH, et al. 2001. FLUXNET: a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapour, and energy flux densities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82, 2415-2434.
11. Band LE, Peterson DL, Running SW, Coughlan J, Lammers R, Dungan J, Nemani R. 1991. Forest ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: basis for distributed simulation. Ecological Modelling 56, 171-196.
12. Baret F, Guyot G. 1991. Potentials and limits of vegetation indexes for LAI and APAR assessment. Remote Sensing of Environment 35, 161-173.
13. Barton CVM, North PRJ. 2001. Remote sensing of canopy light use efficiency using the photochemical reflectance index: model and sensitivity analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 78, 264-273.
14. Berk A, Bernstein LS, Anderson GP, Acharya PK, Robertson DC, Chetwynd JH, Adler-Golden SM. 1998. MODTRAN cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 367-375.
15. Blackburn GA. 2002. Remote sensing of forest pigments using airborne imaging spectrometer and LIDAR imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 82, 311-321.
16. Boles SH, Xiao X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Munkhtuya S, Chen S, Ojima D. 2004. Land cover characterization of temperate east Asia using multi-temporal VEGETATION sensor data. Remote Sensing of Environment 90, 477-489.
17. Bonan GB. 1995. Land atmosphere interactions for climate system models: coupling biophysical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem dynamical processes. Remote Sensing of Environment 51, 57-73.
18. Bongi G, Palliotti A, Rocchi P, Moya I, Goulas Y. 1994. Spectral characteristics and a possible topological assignment of blue-green fluorescence excited by UV laser on leaves of unrelated species. Remote Sensing of Environment 47, 55-64.
19. Briantais M, Vernotte C, Krause H, Weis E. 1986. Chlorophyll a fluorescence of higher plants: chloroplasts and leaves. In: Govindjee, Amesz J, Fork DC, eds. Light emission by plants and bacteria. New York: Academic Press, 539-583.
20. Brinkman RT. 1968. Rotational Raman scattering in planetary atmospheres. Astrophysical Journal 154, 1087-1093.
21. Broge NH, Leblanc E. 2001. Comparing prediction power and stability of broadband and hyperspectral vegetation indices for estimation of green leaf area index and canopy chlorophyll density. Remote Sensing of Environment 76, 156-172.
22. Burrows J, Vountas M, Haug H, Chance K, Marquard L, Muirhead K, Platt U, Richter A, Rozanov V. 1996. Study of the Ring effect. Technical Report ESA contract 10996/94/NL/CN, Eurorean Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
23. Buschmann C. 2007. Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves. Photosynthesis Research 92, 261-271.
24. Buschmann C, Langsdorf G, Lichtenthaler HK. 2000. Imaging of the blue, green, and red fluorescence emission of plants: an overview. Photosynthetica 38, 483-491.
25. Buschmann C, Lichtenthaler HK. 1988. Reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence signatures in leaves. In: Lichtenthaler HK, ed. Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing, 325-332.
26. Carter GA. 1998. Reflectance wavebands and indices for remote estimation of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in pine canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 63, 61-72.
27. Carter GA, Jones JH, Mitchell RJ, Brewer CH. 1996. Detection of solar-excited chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic capacity using a Fraunhofer line radiometer. Remote Sensing of Environment 55, 89-92.
28. Carter GA, Theisen AF, Mitchell RJ. 1990. Chlorophyll fluorescence measured using the Fraunhofer line-depth principle and relationship to photosynthetic rate in the field. Plant, Cell and Environment 13, 79-83.
29. Cecchi G, Mazzinghi P, Pantani L, Valentini R, Tirelli D, Deangelis P. 1994. Remote-sensing of chlorophyll a fluorescence of vegetation canopies. 1. Near and far-field measurement techniques. Remote Sensing of Environment 47, 18-28.
30. Cerovic ZG, Goulas Y, Gorbunov M, Briantais J-M, Camenen L, Moya I. 1996. Fluorosensing of water stress in plants. Diurnal changes of the mean lifetime and yield of chlorophyll fluorescence, measured simultaneously and at distance with a t-LIDAR and a modified PAM-fluorimeter, in maize, sugar beet and Kalanchoë. Remote Sensing of Environment 58, 311-321.
31. Cerovic ZG, Samson G, Morales F, Tremblay N, Moya I. 1999. Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence for plant monitoring: present state and prospects. Agronomie 19, 543-578.
32. Cerovic ZG, Ounis A, Cartelat A, Latouche G, Goulas Y, Meyer S, Moya I. 2002. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra for the non-destructive in situ assessment of UVabsorbing compounds in leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 25, 1663-1676.
33. Chappelle EW, Kim MS, McMurtrey JE. 1992. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS): an algorithm for the remote estimation of the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in soybean leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment 39, 239-247.
34. Chappelle EW, McMurtrey JE, Wood FM, Newcomb WW. 1984. Laser-induced fluorescence of green plants. 2. Lif caused by nutrient deficiencies in corn. Applied Optics 23, 139-142.
35. Chen JM. 1996. Canopy architecture and remote sensing of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by boreal conifer forests. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 34, 1353-1368.
36. Chen JM, Black TA. 1992. Foliage area and architecture of plant canopies from sunfleck size distributions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 60, 249-266.
37. Combal B, Baret F, Weiss M. 2002. Improving canopy variables estimation from remote sensing data by exploiting ancillary information. Case study on sugar beet canopies. Agronomie 22, 205-215.
38. Coops NC, Waring RH. 2001a. Estimating forest productivity in the eastern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon using a satellite driven process model, 3-PGS. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, 143-154.
39. Coops NC, Waring RH. 2001b. The use of multiscale remote sensing imagery to derive regional estimates of forest growth capacity using 3-PGS. Remote Sensing of Environment 75, 324-334.
40. Cornic G. 2000. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture: not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends in Plant Science 5, 187-188.
41. Corp LA, McMurtrey JE, Middleton EM, Mulchi CL, Chappelle EW, Daughtry CST. 2003. Fluorescence sensing systems: in vivo detection of biophysical variations in field corn due to nitrogen supply. Remote Sensing of Environment 86, 470-479.
42. Corp LA, Middleton EM, McMurtrey JE, Campbell PKE, Butcher LM. 2006. Fluorescence sensing techniques for vegetation assessment. Applied Optics 45, 1023-1033.
43. Curran PJ, Dungan JL, Gholz HL. 1990. Exploring the relationship between reflectance red edge and chlorophyll content in Slash Pine. Tree Physiology 7, 33-48.
44. Curran PJ, Dungan JL, Peterson DL. 2001. Estimating the foliar biochemical concentration of leaves with reflectance spectrometry: testing the Kokaly and Clark methodologies. Remote Sensing of Environment 76, 349-359.
45. Cutter M. 2004. A low cost hyperspectral mission. Acta Astronautica 55, 631-636.
46. Datt B. 1998. Remote sensing of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a + b), and total carotenoid content in eucalyptus leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment 66, 111-121.
47. Dau H. 1994. Short-term adaptation of plants to changing light intensities and its relation to photosystem II photochemistry and fluorescence emission. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology 26, 3-27.
48. Daughtry CST, Gallo KP, Goward SN, Prince SD, Kustas WP. 1992. Spectral estimates of absorbed radiation and phytomass production in corn and soybean canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 39, 141-152.
49. Dawson TP. 2000. The potential for estimating chlorophyll content from a vegetation canopy using the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 2043-2051.
50. Dekker JP, Hassoldt A, Pettersson A, van Roon H, Groot M-L, van Grondelle R. 1995. On the nature of the F695 and F685 emission of Photosystem II. In: Mathis P, ed. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 53-56.
51. Diner DJ, Braswell BH, Davies R, et al. 2005. The value of multiangle measurements for retrieving structurally and radiatively consistent properties of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces. Remote Sensing of Environment 97, 495-518.
52. Dobrowski SZ, Pushnik JC, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Ustin SL. 2005. Simple reflectance indices track heat and water stress-induced changes in steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence at the canopy scale. Remote Sensing of Environment 97, 403-414.
53. Dorigo WA, Zurita-Milla R, de Wit AJW, Brazile J, Singh R, Schaepman ME. 2007. A review on reflective remote sensing and data assimilation techniques for enhanced agroecosystem modeling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 9, 165-193.
54. Drolet GG, Huemmrich KF, Hall FG, Middleton EM, Black TA, Barr AG, Margolis HA. 2005. A MODIS-derived photochemical reflectance index to detect inter-annual variations in the photosynthetic light-use efficiency of a boreal deciduous forest. Remote Sensing of Environment 98, 212-224.
55. Eklundh L. 1996. AVHRR NDVI for monitoring and mapping of vegetation and drought in East African environments. PhD thesis, University of Lund, Sweden, 187.
56. Evain S, Flexas J, Moya I. 2004. A new instrument for passive remote sensing. 2. Measurement of leaf and canopy reflectance changes at 531 nm and their relationship with photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Remote Sensing of Environment 91, 175-185.
57. Falloon P, Jones CD, Cerri CE, et al. 2007. Climate change and its impact on soil and vegetation carbon storage in Kenya, Jordan, India and Brazil. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment 122, 114-124.
58. Fang H, Liang S. 2005. A hybrid inversion method for mapping leaf area index from MODIS data: experiments and application to broadleaf and needle leaf canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 94, 405-424.
59. Fang H, Liang S, Kuusk A. 2003. Retrieving leaf area index using a genetic algorithm with a canopy radiative transfer model. Remote Sensing of Environment 85, 257-270.
60. Fensholt R, Sandholt I, Rasmussen MS. 2004. Evaluation of MODIS LAI, fAPAR and the relation between fAPAR and NDVI in a semi-arid environment using in situ measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment 91, 490-507.
61. Filella I, Peñuelas J, Lorens L, Estiarte M. 2004. Reflectance assessment of seasonal and annual changes in biomass and CO2 uptake of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental warming and drought. Remote Sensing of Environment 90, 308-318.
62. Flexas J, Bota J, Escalona JM, Sampol B, Medrano H. 2002b. Effects of drought on photosynthesis in grapevines under field conditions: an evaluation of stomatal and mesophyll limitations. Functional Plant Biology 29, 461-471.
63. Flexas J, Briantais JM, Cerovic ZG, Medrano H, Moya I. 2000. Steady-state and maximum chlorophyll fluorescence responses to water stress in grapevine leaves: a new remote sensing system. Remote Sensing of Environment 73, 283-297.
64. Flexas J, Escalona JM, Evain S, Gulias J, Moya I, Osmond CB, Medrano H. 2002a. Steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs) measurements as a tool to follow variations of net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance during water-stress in C3 plants. Physiologia Plantarum 114, 231-240.
65. Flexas J, Escalona JM, Medrano H. 1998. Down-regulation of photosynthesis by drought under field conditions in grapevine leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25, 893-900.
66. Flexas J, Escalona JM, Medrano H. 1999. Water stress induces different levels of photosynthesis and electron transport rate regulations in grapevines. Plant, Cell and Environment 22, 39-48.
67. Franck F, Juneau P, Popovic R. 2002. Resolution of the Photosystem I and Photosystem II contributions to chlorophyll fluorescence of intact leaves at room temperature. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1556, 239-246.
68. Friend AD, Arneth A, Kiang NY, et al. 2007. FLUXNET and modelling the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biology 13, 610-633. (Pubitemid 46444496)
69. Gamon JA, Field CB, Bilger W, Björkman O, Fredeen A, Penäuelas J. 1990. Remote sensing of the xanthophyll cycle and chlorophyll fluorescence in sunflower leaves and canopies. Oecologia 85, 1-7.
70. Gamon JA, Penäuelas J, Field CB. 1992. A narrow-waveband spectral index that tracks diurnal changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Remote Sensing of Environment 41, 35-44.
71. Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Martin E, Gascon F. 2004. DART: a 3D model for simulating satellite images and studying surface radiation budget. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25, 73-96.
72. Gitelson AA, Gritz Y, Merzlyak MN. 2003. Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology 160, 271-282.
73. Gitelson AA, Keydan GP, Merzlyak MN. 2006. Three-band model for noninvasive estimation of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin contents in higher plant leaves. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L11402.
74. Gobron N, Pinty B, Aussedat O, Taberner M, Faber O, Mélin F, Lavergne T, Robustelli M, Snoeij P. 2008. Uncertainty estimates for the FAPAR operational products derived from MERIS: impact of topof- atmosphere radiance uncertainties and validation with field data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112, 1871-1883.
75. Goetz SJ, Prince SD, Goward SN, Thawley MM, Small J. 1999. Satellite remote sensing of primary production: an improved production efficiency modeling approach. Ecological Modeling 122, 239-255.
76. Govindjee. 1995. 63 years since Kautsky: chlorophyll a fluorescence. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, 711-1711
77. Gower ST, Kucharik CJ, Norman JM. 1999. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, fAPAR, and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment 70, 29-51.
78. Grace J, Nichol C, Disney M, Lewis P, Quaife T, Bowyer P. 2007. Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence? Global Change Biology 13, 1484-1497.
79. Grainger JF, Ring J. 1962. Anomalous Fraunhofer line profiles. Nature 193, 762.
80. Green RO, Eastwood ML, Sarture CM, et al. 1998. Imaging Spectroscopy and the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 227-248.
81. Guanter L, Alonso L, Gomez-Chova L, Amoros-Lopez J, Vila J, Moreno J. 2007. Estimation of solar-induced vegetation fluorescence from space measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L08401.
82. Guo JM, Trotter CM. 2004. Estimating photosynthetic light-use efficiency using the photochemical reflectance index: variations among species. Functional Plant Biology 31, 255-265.
83. Haboudane D, Miller JR, Pattey E, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Strachan IB. 2004. Hyperspectral vegetation indices and novel algorithms for predicting green LAI of crop canopies: modeling and validation in the context of precision agriculture. Remote Sensing of Environment 90, 337-352.
84. Haboudane D, Miller JR, Tremblay N, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Dextraze L. 2002. Integrated narrow-band vegetation indices for prediction of crop chlorophyll content for application to precision agriculture. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 416-426.
85. Heisel F, Sowinska M, Miehe JA, Lang M, Lichtenthaler HK. 1996. Detection of nutrient deficiencies of maize by laser induced fluorescence imaging. Journal of Plant Physiology 148, 622-631.
86. Herrmann KM. 1995. The Shikimate pathway: early steps in the biosynthesis of aromatic-compounds. The Plant Cell 7, 907-919.
87. Hideg E, Juhasz M, Bornman JF, Asada K. 2002. The distribution and possible origin of blue-green fluorescence in control and stressed barley leaves. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 1, 934-941.
88. Hilker T, Coops NC, Wulder MA, Black AT, Guy RD. 2008. The use of remote sensing in light use efficiency based models of gross primary production: a review of current status and future requirements. Science of the Total Environment 404, 411-423.
89. Houborg R, Soegaard H, Boegh E. 2007. Combining vegetation index and model inversion methods for the extraction of key vegetation biophysical parameters using Terra and Aqua MODIS reflectance data. Remote Sensing of Environment 106, 39-58.
90. Huang Z, Turner BJ, Dury SJ, Wallis IR, Foley WJ. 2004. Estimating foliage nitrogen concentration from HYMAP data using continuum removal analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 93, 18-29.
91. Huete A, Didan K, Miura T, Rodriguez EP, Gao X, Ferreira LG. 2002. Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment 83, 195-213.
92. Hunt ER, Fahnestock JT, Kelly RD, Welker JM, Reiners WA, Smith WK. 2002. Carbon sequestration from remotely sensed NDVI and net ecosystem exchange. In: Muttiah RS, ed. From laboratory, spectroscopy to remotely sensed spectra of terrestrial ecosystems. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 161-174.
93. Jacquemoud S, Bacour C, PoilvéH, Frangi J-P. 2000. Comparison of four radiative transfer models to simulate plant canopies reflectance: direct and inverse mode. Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 280-291.
94. Jacquemoud S, Baret F. 1990. PROSPECT: a model of leaf opticalproperties spectra. Remote Sensing of Environment 34, 75-91.
95. Jacquemoud S, Baret F, Andrieu B, Danson FM, Jaggard K. 1995a. Extraction of vegetation biophysical parameters by inversion of the PROSPECT + SAIL models on sugar beet canopy reflectance data. Application to TM and AVIRIS sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment 52, 163-172.
96. Jacquemoud S, Verdebout J, Schmuck G, Andreoli G, Hosgood B. 1995b. Investigation of leaf biochemistry by statistics. Remote Sensing of Environment 54, 180-188. (Pubitemid 3023554)
97. Jago RA, Cutler MEJ, Curran PJ. 1999. Estimating canopy chlorophyll concentration from field and airborne spectra. Remote Sensing of Environment 68, 217-224.
98. Kebabian PL, Theisen AF, Kallelis S, Freedman A. 1999. A passive two-band sensor of sunlight-excited plant fluorescence. Review of Scientific Instruments 70, 4386-4393.
99. Knyazikhin Y, Martonchik JV, Myneni RB, Diner DJ, Running SW. 1998. Synergistic algorithm for estimating vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from MODIS and MISR data. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 103, 32257-32275. (Pubitemid 128665636)
100. Kolber Z, Klimov D, Ananyev G, Rascher U, Berry J, Osmond B. 2005. Measuring photosynthetic parameters at a distance: laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) method for remote measurements of photosynthesis in terrestrial vegetation. Photosynthesis Research 84, 121-129.
101. Krause GH, Weis E. 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 313-349.
102. Lichtenthaler HK, Rinderle U. 1988. The role of chlorophyll fluorescence in the detection of stress conditions in plants. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 19, S29-S85.
103. Lichtenthaler HK, Schweiger J. 1998. Cell wall bound ferulic acid, the major substance of the blue-green fluorescence emission of plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 152, 272-282.
104. Liesenberg V, Galvao LS, Ponzoni FJ. 2007. Variations in re- flectance with seasonality and viewing geometry: implications for classification of Brazilian savanna physiognomies with MISR/Terra data. Remote Sensing of Environment 107, 276-286.
105. Liu J, Chen JM, Cihlar J, Park WM. 1997. A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs. Remote Sensing of Environment 62, 158-175.
106. Liu LY, Zhang YJ, Wang JH, Zhao CJ. 2005. Detecting solarinduced chlorophyll fluorescence from field radiance spectra based on the Fraunhofer line principle. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43, 827-832.
107. Lopez G, Rubio MA, Martinez M, Batlles FJ. 2001. Estimation of hourly global photosynthetically active radiation using artificial neural network models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 107, 279-291.
108. Lotsch A, Tian Y, Friedl MA, Myneni RB. 2003. Land cover mapping in support of LAI and FPAR retrievals from EOS-MODIS and MISR: classification methods and sensitivities to errors. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24, 1997-2016.
109. Louis J, Ounis A, Ducruet JM, et al. 2005. Remote sensing of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance of Scots pine in the boreal forest during spring recovery. Remote Sensing of Environment 96, 37-48.
110. Lucas NS, Curran PJ. 1999. Forest ecosystem simulation modelling: the role of remote sensing. Progress in Physical Geography 23, 391-423.
111. Lucas RM, Honzak M, Curran PJ, Foody GM, Milne R, Brown T, Amaral S. 2000. Mapping the regional extent of tropical forest regeneration stages in the Brazilian Legal Amazon using NOAA AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 2855-2881.
112. MalenovskýZ, AlbrechtováJ, LhotákováZ, Zurita-Milla R, Clevers J, Schaepman ME, Cudlýn P. 2006. Applicability of the PROSPECT model for Norway spruce needles. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27, 5315-5340.
113. Martel MC, Margolis HA, Coursolle C, Bigras FJ, Heinsch FA, Running SW. 2005. Decreasing photosynthesis at different spatial scales during the late growing season on a boreal cutover. Tree Physiology 25, 689-699.
114. Martin ME, Newman SD, Aber JD, Congalton RG. 1998. Determining forest species composition using high spectral resolution remote sensing data. Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 249-254.
115. McDonald AJ, Gemmell FM, Lewis PE. 1998. Investigation of the utility of spectral vegetation indices for determining information on coniferous forests. Remote Sensing of Environment 66, 250-272.
116. McFarlane JC, Watson RD, Theisen AF, Jackson RD, Ehrler WL, Pinter PJ, Idso SB, Reginato RJ. 1980. Plant stress detection by remote measurement of fluorescence. Applied Optics 19, 3287-3289.
117. McVicar TR, Jupp DLB. 1998. The current and potential operational uses of remote sensing to aid decisions on drought exceptional circumstances in Australia: a review. Agricultural Systems 57, 399-468.
118. Measures RM, Houston W, Bristow M. 1973. Development and field-tests of a laser fluorosensor for environmental monitoring. Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal 19, 501-506.
119. Meroni M, Colombo R. 2006. Leaf level detection of solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence by means of a subnanometer resolution spectroradiometer. Remote Sensing of Environment 103, 438-448.
120. Methy M. 2000. Analysis of photosynthetic activity at the leaf and canopy levels from reflectance measurements: a case study. Photosynthetica 38, 505-512.
121. Meyer S, Cartelat A, Moya I, Cerovic ZG. 2003. UV-induced bluegreen and far-red fluorescence along wheat leaves: a potential signature of leaf ageing. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 757-769.
122. Mishra KB, Gopal R. 2008. Detection of nickel-induced stress using laser-induced fluorescence signatures from leaves of wheat seedlings. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29, 157-183.
123. Morales F, Cerovic ZG, Moya I. 1996. Time-resolved blue-green fluorescence of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) leaves. Spectroscopic evidence for the presence of ferulic acid as the main fluorophore of the epidermis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1273, 251-262.
124. Moya I, Camenen L, Evain S, Goulas Y, Cerovic ZG, Latouche G, Flexas J, Ounis A. 2004. A new instrument for passive remote sensing. 1. Measurements of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Remote Sensing of Environment 91, 186-197.
125. Moya I, Cerovic ZG. 2004. Remote sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence: instrumentation and analysis. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee, eds. Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Dordrecht: Springer, 429-445.
126. Moya I, JoséM, Laurila T, Stoll M-P, Miller J. 2003. Photosynthesis from space: a new vegetation fluorescence technique. ESA Bulletin 116, 34-37.
127. Myneni RB, Hoffman S, Knyazikhin Y, et al. 2002. Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 83, 214-231.
128. Myneni RB, Maggion S, Iaquinta J, Privette JL, Gobron N, Pinty B, Kimes DS, Verstraete MM, Williams DL. 1995. Optical remote sensing of vegetation: modeling, cavaets, and algorithms. Remote Sensing of Environment 51, 169-188.
129. Myneni RB, Williams DL. 1994. On the relationship between FAPAR and NDVI. Remote Sensing of Environment 49, 200-211.
130. Nedbal L, Koblýziek M. 2006. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a reporter on in vivo electron transport and regulation in plants. In: Grimm B, Porra R, Rüdiger W, Scheer H, eds. Biochemistry and biophysics of chlorophylls. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 507-519.
131. Nedbal L, SoukupováJ, Kaftan D, Whitmarsh J, Trtýlek M. 2000. Kinetic imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence using modulated light. Photosynthesis Research 66, 3-12.
132. Niyogi KK. 1999. Photoprotection revisited: genetic and molecular approaches. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 333-359.
133. Nolin AW. 2004. Towards retrieval of forest cover density over snow from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). Hydrological Processes 18, 3623-3636.
134. Olioso A, Méthy M, Lacaze B. 1992. Simulation of canopy fluorescence as a function of canopy structure and leaf fluorescence. Remote Sensing of Environment 41, 239-247.
135. Omasa K, Shimazaki KI, Aiga I, Larcher W, Onoe M. 1987. Image-analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients for diagnosing the photosynthetic system of attached leaves. Plant Physiology 84, 748-752.
136. Ounis A, Cerovic ZG, Briantais JM, Moya I. 2001. Dual-excitation FLIDAR for the estimation of epidermal UV absorption in leaves and canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 76, 33-48.
137. Pedrós R, Goulas Y, Jacquemoud S, Louis J, Moya I. 2005. A new leaf fluorescence model. 2nd International workshop on remote sensing of vegetation fluorescence. 17-19 November 2004, Canadian Space Agency Conference Center, St-Hubert, Québec, Canada.
138. Pedrós R, Moya I, Goulas Y, Jacquemoud S. 2008. Chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectrum inside a leaf. Photochemical and Photobiological Science 7, 498-502.
139. Pfündel E. 1998. Estimating the contribution of Photosystem I to total leaf chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynthesis Research 56, 185-195.
140. Plascyk JA. 1975. MkIi Fraunhofer line discriminator (FLD-Ii) for airborne and orbital remote-sensing of solar-stimulated luminescence. Optical Engineering 14, 339-346.
141. Plascyk JA, Gabriel FC. 1975. Fraunhofer line discriminator MkIi: airborne instrument for precise and standardized ecological luminescence measurement. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 24, 306-313.
142. Potter CS, Randerson JT, Field CB, Matson PA, Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Klooster SA. 1993. Terrestrial ecosystem production: a process model-based on global satellite and surface data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7, 811-841.
143. Price JC. 2003. Comparing MODIS and ETM+ data for regional and global land classification. Remote Sensing of Environment 86, 491-499.
144. Qi J, Huete AR, Moran MS, Chehbouni A, Jackson RD. 1993. Interpretation of vegetation indexes derived from multitemporal SPOT images. Remote Sensing of Environment 44, 89-101. (Pubitemid 23660472)
145. Qi J, Kerr YH, Moran MS, Weltz M, Huete AR, Sorooshian S, Bryant R. 2000. Leaf area index estimates using remotely sensed data and BRDF models in a semiarid region. Remote Sensing of Environment 73, 18-30.
146. Raimondi V, Palombi L, Lognoli D, Cecchi G, Masotti L. 2007. Design and development of a new high speed performance fluorescence imaging lidar for the diagnostics of indoor and outdoor cultural heritage. In: Proceedings of LACONA VII: 7th International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, Madrid 17-21 September 2007, Taylor and Francis.
147. Rascher U, Gioli B, Miglietty F. 2008. FLEX: FLuorescence EXplorer: a remote sensing approach to quantify spatio-temporal variations of photosynthetic efficiency from space. In: Allen JF, Osmond B, Golbeck JH, Gantt E, eds. Energy from the sun. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Photosynthesis Research 2007. Dordrecht: Springer.
148. Rascher U, Nedbal L. 2006. Dynamics of plant photosynthesis under fluctuating natural conditions. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9, 671-678.
149. Rascher U, Liebig M, Lüttge U. 2000. Evaluation of instant lightresponse curves of chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters obtained with a portable chlorophyll fluorometer on site in the field. Plant, Cell and Environment 23, 1397-1405.
150. Rasmussen MS. 1998. Developing simple, operational, consistent NDVI-vegetation models by applying environmental and climatic information. Part I. Assessment of net primary production. International Journal of Remote Sensing 19, 97-117.
151. Rautiainen M, Lang M, Mõttus M, Kuusk A, Nilson T, Kuusk J, Lükk T. 2008. Multi-angular reflectance properties of a hemiboreal forest: an analysis using CHRIS PROBA data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112, 2627-2642.
152. Richards JT, Schuerger AC, Capelle G, Guikema JA. 2003. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of dark- and light-adapted bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown under three irradiance levels and subjected to fluctuating lighting conditions. Remote Sensing of Environment 84, 323-341.
153. Richardson AD, Duigan SP, Berlyn GP. 2002. An evaluation of non-invasive methods to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytologist 153, 185-194.
154. Rosema A, Verhoef W, Schroote J, Snel JFH. 1991. Simulating fluorescence light-canopy interaction in support of laser-induced fluorescence measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment 37, 117-130.
155. Rouse JWJ, Haas RH, Schell JA, och Deering DW. 1974. Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS. In: Freden SC, Marcanti EP, Becker MA, eds. NASA SP-351. Proceedings of the 3rd Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 Symposium, 1973, NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office, Washington DC. 309-317.
156. Ruimy A, Dedieu G, Saugier B. 1996. TURC: a diagnostic model of continental gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10, 269-285.
157. Ruimy A, Kergoat L, Bondeau A. 1999. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): analysis of differences in light absorption and light-use efficiency. Global Change Biology 5, 56-64. (Pubitemid 29370532)
158. Rundel RD. 1983. Action spectra and estimation of biologically effective UV radiation. Physiologia Plantarum 58, 360-366.
159. Running SW, Baldocchi DD, Turner DP, Gower ST, Bakwin PS, Hibbard KA. 1999. A global terrestrial monitoring network integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 70, 108-127.
160. Running SW, Nemani RR, Heinsch FA, Zhao MS, Reeves M, Hashimoto H. 2004. A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production. Bioscience 54, 547-560.
161. Saito Y, Matsubara T, Koga T, Kobayashi F, Kawahara TD, Nomura A. 2005. Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of plants using a liquid crystal tunable filter and charge coupled device imaging camera. Review of Scientific Instruments 76, 106-1103
162. Schreiber U, Schliwa U, Bilger W. 1986. Continuous recording of photochemical and nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research 10, 51-62.
163. Sellers PJ, Tucker CJ, Collatz GJ, Los SO, Justice CO, Dazlich DA, Randall DA. 1994. A global 1-degrees-by-1-degrees NDVI data set for climate studies. 2. The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from the NDVI. International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, 3519-3545.
164. Sims DA, Gamon JA. 2002. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 337-354.
165. Sioris CE, Courreges-Lacoste GB, Stoll MP. 2003. Filling in of Fraunhofer lines by plant fluorescence: simulations for a nadir-viewing satellite-borne instrument. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 108, Article number 4133. Sioris CE, Evans WFJ. 2000. Impact of rotational Raman scattering in the O-2 A band. Geophysical Research Letters 27, 4085-4088.
166. SoukupováJ, Csefalvay L, Urban O, KosivancováM, Marek M, Rascher U, Nedbal L. 2008. Annual variation of the steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence emission of evergreen plants in temperate zone. Functional Plant Biology 35, 63-76.
167. Stober F, Lang M, Lichtenthaler HK. 1994. Blue-green, and red fluorescence emission signatures of green etiolated and white leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment 47, 65-71. (Pubitemid 24406181)
168. Stober F, Lichtenthaler HK. 1992. Changes of the laser-induced blue, green and red fluorescence signatures during greening of etiolated leaves of wheat. Journal of Plant Physiology 140, 673-680.
169. Tucker CJ. 1979. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment 8, 127-150.
170. Turner DP, Ritts WD, Cohen WB, et al. 2006. Evaluation of MODIS NPP and GPP products across multiple biomes. Remote Sensing of Environment 102, 282-292.
171. van der Tol C, Verhoef W, Rosema A. 2009. A model for chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis at leaf scale. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149, 96-105.
172. van Leeuwen WJD, Huete AR, Laing TW. 1999. MODIS vegetation index compositing approach: A prototype with AVHRR data. Remote Sensing of Environment 69, 264-280.
173. Verhoef W. 1984. Light-scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling: the SAIL model. Remote Sensing of Environment 16, 125-141.
174. Verhoef W. 1985. Earth observation modeling based on layer scattering matrices. Remote Sensing of Environment 17, 165-178.
175. Verhoef W. 2004. Extension of SAIL to model solar-induced canopy fluorescence spectra. Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Remote Sensing of Vegetation Fluorescence, Saint-Hubert, Canada, 17-19 November, 2004. European Space Agency.
176. Veroustraete F, Sabbe H, Eerens H. 2002. Estimation of carbon mass fluxes over Europe using the C-Fix model and Euroflux data. Remote Sensing of Environment 83, 376-399.
177. Verrelst J, Schaepman ME, Koetz B, Kneubühler M. 2008. Angular sensitivity analysis of vegetation indices derived from CHRIS/ PROBA data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112, 2341-2353.
178. Walter-Shea EA, Norman JM, Blad BL, Robinson BF. 1991. Leaf reflectance and transmittance in soybean and corn. Agronomy Journal 83, 631-636.
179. Wang Q, Adiku A, Tenhunen J, Granier A. 2005. On the relationship of NDVI with leaf area index in a deciduous forest site. Remote Sensing of Environment 94, 244-255.
180. Watson RD, Hemphill WR, Hessin TD. 1973. Quantification of the luminescence intensity of natural materials. In: Management and utilization of remote sensing data. Proceedings of the Symposium. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 29 October - 1 November 1973. American Society of Photogrammetry, 364-376.
181. Weiss M, Baret F. 1999. Evaluation of canopy biophysical variable retrieval performances from the accumulation of large swath satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 70, 293-306.
182. Weiss M, Baret F, Garrigues S, Lacaze R. 2007. LAI and fAPAR CYCLOPES global products derived from VEGETATION. Part 2: validation and comparison with MODIS collection 4 products. Remote Sensing of Environment 110, 317-331.
183. Weiss M, Baret F, Myneni RB, Pragnere A, Knyazikhin Y. 2000. Investigation of a model inversion technique to estimate canopy biophysical variables from spectral and directional reflectance data. Agronomie 20, 3-22.
184. Xiao X, Boles S, Liu J, Zhuang D, Frolking S, Li C, Salas W, Moore III B. 2005. Mapping paddy rice agriculture in southern China using multi-temporal MODIS images. Remote Sensing of Environment 95, 480-492.
185. Xiao X, Boles S, Liu J, Zhuang D, Liu M. 2002. Characterization of forest types in Northeastern China, using multi-temporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION sensor data. Remote Sensing of Environment 82, 335-348.
186. Yoder BJ, Pettigrewcrosby RE. 1995. Predicting nitrogen and chlorophyll content and concentrations from reflectance spectra (400- 2500 nm) at leaf and canopy scales. Remote Sensing of Environment 53, 199-211.
187. Zarco-Tejada PJ, Miller JR, Noland TL, Mohammed GH, Sampson PH. 2001. Scaling-up and model inversion methods with narrowband optical indices for chlorophyll content estimation in closed forest canopies with hyperspectral data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39, 1491-1507.
188. Zarco-Tejada PJ, Miller JR, Pedros R, Verhoef W, Berger M. 2006. FluorMODgui V3.0: A graphic user interface for the spectral simulation of leaf and canopy chlorophyll fluorescence. Computers and Geosciences 85, 577-591.
189. Zarco-Tejada PJ, Rueda CA, Ustin SL. 2003. Water content estimation in vegetation with MODIS reflectance data and model inversion methods. Remote Sensing of Environment 85, 109-124.
190. Zhang XY, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH, Hodges JCF, Gao F, Reed BC, Huete A. 2003. Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 84, 471-475.
191. Zhang Y, Tian Y, Myneni RB, Knyazikhin Y, Woodcock CE. 2002. Assessing the information content of multiangle satellite data for mapping biomes I. Statistical analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 80, 418-434. (Pubitemid 34536187)