The utility of simulation in medical education: What is the evidence?

Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 330-343

  Okuda, Yasuharu ^a,b   Bryson, Ethan O ^a   DeMaria Jr , Samuel ^a   Jacobson, Lisa ^a   Quinones, Joshua ^c   Shen, Bing ^a   Levine, Adam I ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Health and Hospitals Corporation   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Graduate medical education; Simulation; Undergraduate medical education

Indexed keywords

ANESTHESIOLOGY; CERTIFICATION; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CLINICAL EDUCATION; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COMMUNICATION SKILL; EMERGENCY MEDICINE; INTENSIVE CARE; LEARNING STYLE; MALPRACTICE; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT; OBSTETRICS; PATIENT CARE; PEDIATRICS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE; RESIDENCY EDUCATION; REVIEW; SIMULATION; SIMULATOR; SURGICAL TRAINING; TEAMWORK;

CERTIFICATION; CREDENTIALING; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION, MEDICAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; LEARNING; MANIKINS; MODELS, EDUCATIONAL; PATIENT SIMULATION; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; TEACHING;

EID: 70049091174     PISSN: 00272507     EISSN: 19317581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/msj.20127     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Gaba DM. The future vision of simulation in health care. Qual Saf Health Care 2004; 13(suppl 1): i2-i10.
2. Berkenstadt H, Ziv A, Gafni N, et al. The validation process of incorporating simulation-based accreditation into the anesthesiology Israeli national board exams. Isr Med Assoc J 2006; 8: 728-733.
3. Okuda Y, Bond WF, Bonfante G, et al. National growth in simulation training within emergency medicine residency programs, 2003-2008. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15: 1113-1116.
4. Gaba DM. Improving anesthesiologists' performance by simulating reality. Anesthesiology 1992; 76: 491-494.
5. Kohn L, Corrigan J, Donaldson MS. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
6. Okuda Y, Quinones J. The use of simulation in the education of emergency care providers for cardiac emergencies. Int J Emerg Med 2008; 1: 73-77.
7. Levine AI, Swartz MH. Standardized patients: the "other" simulation. J Crit Care 2008; 23: 179-184.
8. Grenvik A, Schaefer J. From Resusci-Anne to Sim-Man: the evolution of simulators in medicine. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(suppl): S56-S57.
9. Abrahamson S, Denson JS, Wolf RM. Effectiveness of a simulator in training anesthesiology residents. J Med Educ 1969; 44: 515-519.
10. Cooper JB, Taqueti VR. A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training. Qual Saf Health Care 2004; 13(suppl 1): i11-i18.
11. Marsch S. Team oriented medical simulation. In: Hensen LC, Lee AC, eds. Simulators in Anesthesiology Education. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1998; 51-55.
12. Bryson EO, Levine AI. The simulation theater: a theoretical discussion of concepts and constructs that enhance learning. J Crit Care 2008; 23: 185-187.
13. Bond WF, Deitrick LM, Arnold DC, et al. Using simulation to instruct emergency medicine residents in cognitive forcing strategies. Acad Med 2004; 79: 438-446.
14. Bryan R, Kreuter M, Brownson R. Integrating adult learning principles into training for public health practice. Health Promot Pract. doi://10.1177/1524839907308117. Available at: http://hpp.sagepub.com.
15. Misch DA. Andragogy and medical education: are medical students internally motivated to learn? Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2002; 7: 153-160.
16. Croley WC, Rothenberg DM. Education of trainees in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2007; 35(suppl): S117-S121.
17. Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains. Acad Med 2004; 79(suppl): S70-S81.
18. Eppich WJ, Adler MD, McGaghie WC. Emergency and critical care pediatrics: use of medical simulation for training in acute pediatric emergencies. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006; 18: 266-271.
19. Wayne DB, Butter J, Siddall VJ, et al. Mastery learning of advanced cardiac life support skills by internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 251-256.
20. Wayne DB, Siddall VJ, Butter J, et al. A longitudinal study of internal medicine residents' retention of advanced cardiac life support skills. Acad Med 2006; 81(suppl): S9-S12.
21. Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, et al. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Med Teach 2005; 27: 10-28.
22. McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER, et al. Effect of practice on standardised learning outcomes in simulation-based medical education. Med Educ 2006; 40: 792-797.
23. Rolfe IE, Sanson-Fisher RW. Translating learning principles into practice: a new strategy for learning clinical skills. Med Educ 2002; 36: 345-352.
24. Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, et al. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med 2003; 78: 783-788.
25. Chakraborti C, Boonyasai RT, Wright SM, et al. A systematic review of teamwork training interventions in medical student and resident education. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 846-853.
26. Ottestad E, Boulet JR, Lighthall GK. Evaluating the management of septic shock using patient simulation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 769-775.
27. Wayne DB, Didwania A, Feinglass J, et al. Simulation-based education improves quality of care during cardiac arrest team responses at an academic teaching hospital: a case-control study. Chest 2008; 133: 56-61.
28. Savoldelli GL, Naik VN, Park J, et al. Value of debriefing during simulated crisis management: oral versus video-assisted oral feedback. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 279-285.
29. Young JS, Dubose JE, Hedrick TL, et al. The use of "war games" to evaluate performance of students and residents in basic clinical scenarios: a disturbing analysis. J Trauma 2007; 63: 556-564.
30. Steadman RH, Coates WC, Huang YM, et al. Simulation-based training is superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 151-157.
31. Kelsey R, Botello M, Millard B, et al. An online heart simulator for augmenting first-year medical and dental education. Proc AMIA Symp 2002; 370-374.
32. Via DK, Kyle RR, Trask JD, et al. Using high-fidelity patient simulation and an advanced distance education network to teach pharmacology to second-year medical students. J Clin Anesth 2004; 16: 144-151.
33. Seybert AL, Kobulinsky LR, McKaveney TP. Human patient simulation in a pharmacotherapy course. Am J Pharm Educ 2008; 72: 37.
34. Fitch MT. Using high-fidelity emergency simulation with large groups of preclinical medical students in a basic science course. Med Teach 2007; 29: 261-263.
35. Ewy GA, Felner JM, Juul D, et al. Test of a cardiology patient simulator with students in fourth-year electives. J Med Educ 1987; 62: 738-743.
36. Issenberg SB, Gordon MS, Greber AA. Bedside cardiology skills training for the osteopathic internist using simulation technology. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2003; 103: 603-607.
37. Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Gordon DL, et al. Effectiveness of a cardiology review course for internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice. Teach Learn Med 2002; 14: 223-228.
38. McIvor WR. Experience with medical student simulation education. Crit Care Med 2004 32(suppl); S66-S69.
39. Murray D, Boulet J, Ziv A, et al. An acute care skills evaluation for graduating medical students: a pilot study using clinical simulation. Med Educ 2002; 36: 833-841.
40. Boulet JR, Murray D, Kras J, et al. Reliability and validity of a simulation-based acute care skills assessment for medical students and residents. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: 1270-1280.
41. Weller J, Robinson B, Larsen P, et al. Simulation-based training to improve acute care skills in medical undergraduates. N Z Med J 2004; 117: U1119.
42. Morgan PJ, Cleave-Hogg D, Desousa S, et al. Applying theory to practice in undergraduate education using high fidelity simulation. Med Teach 2006; 28: e10-e15.
43. Lucas S, Tuncel A, Bensalah K, et al. Virtual reality training improves simulated laparoscopic surgery performance in laparoscopy naive medical students. J Endourol 2008; 22: 1047-1051.
44. Van Sickle KR, Ritter EM, Smith CD. The pretrained novice: using simulation-based training to improve learning in the operating room. Surg Innov 2006; 13: 198-204.
45. Sanchez LD, Delapena J, Kelly SP, et al. Procedure lab used to improve confidence in the performance of rarely performed procedures. Eur J Emerg Med 2006; 13: 29-31.
46. Gardner R, Raemer DB. Simulation in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2008; 35: 97-127.
47. Graber MA,Wyatt C, Kasparek L, et al. Does simulator training for medical students change patient opinions and attitudes toward medical student procedures in the emergency department? Acad Emerg Med 2005; 12: 635-639, ix.
48. Morgan PJ, Cleave-Hogg D. A worldwide survey of the use of simulation in anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 2002; 49: 659-662.
49. Gaba DM, DeAnda A. The response of anesthesia trainees to simulated critical incidents. Anesth Analg 1989; 68: 444-451.
50. DeAnda A, Gaba DM. Unplanned incidents during comprehensive anesthesia simulation. Anesth Analg 1990; 71: 77-82.
51. Schwid HA, O'Donnell D. Anesthesiologists' management of simulated critical incidents. Anesthesiology 1992; 76: 495-501.
52. Chopra V, Gesink B, de Jong J, et al. Does training on an anaesthesia simulator lead to improvement in performance? Br J Anasth 1994; 73: 293-297.
53. Schwid HA, Rooke GA, Michalowski P, et al. Screen-based anesthesia simulation with debriefing improves performance in a mannequin-based anesthesia simulator. Teach Learn Med 2001; 13: 92-96.
54. Nishisaki A, Keren R, Nadkarni V. Does simulation improve patient safety? Self-efficacy, competence, operational performance, and patient safety. Anesthesiol Clin 2007; 25: 225-236.
55. American Board of Anesthesiology. Maintenance of certification in anesthesiology. Available at: http://www.theaba.org/ anesthesiologymaintenance.shtml#components. Accessed August 2008.
56. Ziv A, Rubin O, Sidi A, et al. Credentialing and certifying with simulation. Anesthesiol Clin 2007; 25: 261-269.
57. Chatenay M, Maguire T, Skakun E, et al. Does volume of clinical experience affect performance of clinical clerks on surgery exit examinations? Am J Surg 1996; 172: 366-372.
58. Sachdeva AK, Russell TR. Safe introduction of new procedures and emerging technologies in surgery: education, credentialing, and privileging. Surg Clin North Am 2007; 87: 853-866, vi-vii.
59. Sachdeva AK. Invited commentary: educational interventions to address the core competencies in surgery. Surgery 2004; 135: 43-47.
60. Sachdeva AK. Acquiring skills in new procedures and technology: the challenge and the opportunity. Arch Surg 2005; 140: 387-389.
61. Kneebone R. Simulation in surgical training: educational issues and practical implications. Med Educ 2003; 37: 267-277.
62. Crofts JF, Fox R, Ellis D, et al. Observations from 450 shoulder dystocia simulations: lessons for skills training. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112: 906-912.
63. Halvorsen FH, Elle OJ, Fosse E. Simulators in surgery. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 2005; 14: 214-223.
64. Boyd KB, Olivier J, Salameh JR. Surgical residents' perception of simulation training. Am Surg 2006; 72: 521-524.
65. Dunkin B, Adrales GL, Apelgren K, et al. Surgical simulation: a current review. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 357-366.
66. Sedlack RE, Baron TH, Downing SM, et al. Validation of a colonoscopy simulation model for skills assessment. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 64-74.
67. Aggarwal R,Ward J, Balasundaram I, et al. Proving the effectiveness of virtual reality simulation for training in laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg 2007; 246: 771-779.
68. Stefanidis D, Korndorffer JR Jr, Sierra R, et al. Skill retention following proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training. Surgery 2005; 138: 165-170.
69. Korndorffer JR Jr, Dunne JB, Sierra R, et al. Simulator training for laparoscopic suturing using performance goals translates to the operating room. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 201: 23-29.
70. Gardner R, Walzer TB, Simon R, et al. Obstetric simulation as a risk control strategy: course design and evaluation. Simul Healthc 2008; 3: 119-127.
71. Maher JE, Kleinman GE, Lile W, et al. The construction and utility of an amniocentesis trainer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 1225-1227.
72. Dupuis O, Moreau R, Silveira R, et al. A new obstetric forceps for the training of junior doctors: a comparison of the spatial dispersion of forceps blade trajectories between junior and senior obstetricians. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194: 1524-1531.
73. Deering S, Poggi S, Macedonia C, et al. Improving resident competency in the management of shoulder dystocia with simulation training. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103: 1224-1228.
74. Crofts JF, Bartlett C, Ellis D, et al. Management of shoulder dystocia: skill retention 6 and 12 months after training. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110: 1069-1074.
75. Draycott TJ, Crofts JF, Ash JP, et al. Improving neonatal outcome through practical shoulder dystocia training. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112: 14-20.
76. Crofts JF, Bartlett C, Ellis D, et al. Documentation of simulated shoulder dystocia: accurate and complete? BJOG 2008; 115: 1303-1308.
77. Crofts JF, Bartlett C, Ellis D, et al. Training for shoulder dystocia: a trial of simulation using low-fidelity and high-fidelity mannequins. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 1477-1485.
78. Goffman D, Heo H, Pardanani S, et al. Improving shoulder dystocia management among resident and attending physicians using simulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199: 294.
79. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Post partum hemorrhage. ACOG practice bulletin. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 1039-1047.
80. Maslovitz S, Barkai G, Lessing JB, et al. Recurrent obstetric management mistakes identified by simulation. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 109: 1295-1300.
81. DeVita MA, Schaefer J, Lutz J, et al. Improving medical emergency team (MET) performance using a novel curriculum and a computerized human patient simulator. Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14: 326-331.
82. Reznek M, Smith-Coggins R, Howard S, et al. Emergency medicine crisis resource management (EMCRM): pilot study of a simulation-based crisis management course for emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10: 386-389.
83. Fritz PZ, Gray T, Flanagan B. Review of mannequin-based high-fidelity simulation in emergency medicine. Emerg Med Australas 2008; 20: 1-9.
84. Carbine DN, Finer NN, Knodel E, et al. Video recording as a means of evaluating neonatal resuscitation performance. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 654-658.
85. Thomas EJ, Sexton JB, Lasky RE, et al. Teamwork and quality during neonatal care in the delivery room. J Perinatol 2006; 26: 163-169.
86. Halamek LP, Kaegi DM, Gaba DM, et al. Time for a new paradigm in pediatric medical education: teaching neonatal resuscitation in a simulated delivery room environment. Pediatrics 2000; 106: E45.
87. Hunt EA, Shilkofski NA, Stavroudis TA, et al. Simulation: translation to improved team performance. Anesthesiol Clin 2007; 25: 301-319.
88. Britt RC, Reed SF, Britt LD. Central line simulation: a new training algorithm. Am Surg 2007; 73: 680-682; discussion 682-683.
89. Dibb C. Medical residency: when are program administrators liable? J Legal Educ 2007; 281: 1-8.
90. Bond WF, Spillane L. The use of simulation for emergency medicine resident assessment. Acad Emerg Med 2002; 9: 1295-1299.
91. Wang EE, Vozenilek JA. Addressing the systems-based practice core competency: a simulation-based curriculum. Acad Emerg Med 2005; 12: 1191-1194.
92. Gisondi MA, Smith-Coggins R, Harter PM, et al. Assessment of resident professionalism using high-fidelity simulation of ethical dilemmas. Acad Emerg Med 2004; 11: 931-937.
93. Girzadas DV Jr, Clay L, Caris J, et al. High fidelity simulation can discriminate between novice and experienced residents when assessing competency in patient care. Med Teach 2007; 29: 452-456.
94. Murray DJ, Boulet JR, Avidan M, et al. Performance of residents and anesthesiologists in a simulation-based skill assessment. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: 705-713.
95. Rosenblatt MA, Abrams KJ. The use of a human patient simulator in the evaluation of and development of a remedial prescription for an anesthesiologist with lapsed medical skills. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 149-153.
96. Raborn GW, Carter RM. Using simulation to evaluate clinical competence after impairment. J Can Dent Assoc 1999; 65: 384-386.
97. Schrock JW, Cydulka RK. Lifelong learning. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2006; 24: 785-795.
98. Marinopoulos SS, Dorman T, Ratanawongsa N, et al. Effectiveness of continuing medical education. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007; 149: 1-69.
99. Blum RH, Raemer DB, Carroll JS, et al. Crisis resource management training for an anaesthesia faculty: a new approach to continuing education. Med Educ 2004; 38: 45-55.
100. Russo SG, Eich C, Barwing J, et al. Self-reported changes in attitude and behavior after attending a simulation-aided airway management course. J Clin Anesth 2007; 19: 517-522.
101. Sachdeva AK, Pellegrini CA, Johnson KA. Support for simulation-based surgical education through American College of Surgeons-accredited education institutes. World J Surg 2008; 32: 196-207.
102. Sinz EH. Anesthesiology national CME program and ASA activities in simulation. Anesthesiol Clin 2007; 25: 209-223.
103. American Society of Anesthesiologists. ASA approval of anesthesiology simulation programs. Available at: http://www.asahq.org/sim/ whitepaper.htm. Accessed August 2008.
104. Society for Simulation in Healthcare. SSH accreditation standards for simulation programs in healthcare (draft, June 2008). Available at: http://www.ssih.org/public/index.php?ijejifeijfeijfwf= qhuihqwiduhqwiufe&page=website news. Accessed August 2008.
105. Dillon GF, Boulet JR, Hawkins RE, et al. Simulations in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Qual Saf Health Care 2004; 13(suppl 1): i41-i45.
106. Hagen MD, Sumner W, Roussel G, et al. Computer-based testing in family practice certification and recertification. J Am Board Fam Pract 2003; 16: 227-232.
107. Hatala R, Kassen BO, Nishikawa J, et al. Incorporating simulation technology in a Canadian internal medicine specialty examination: a descriptive report. Acad Med 2005; 80: 554-556.
108. Berkenstadt H, Ziv A, Gafni N, et al. Incorporating simulation-based objective structured clinical examination into the Israeli national board examination in anesthesiology. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 853-858.
109. McCarthy J, Cooper JB. Malpractice insurance carrier provides premium incentive for simulation-based training and believes it has made a difference. Anesth Patient Saf Found Newsl 2007; 22: 17.
110. Hanscom R. Medical simulation from an insurer's perspective. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15: 984-987.
111. Eason M. Community and legal services. In: Loyd G, Lake C, Greenberg R, eds. Practical Health Care Simulations. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2004; 565-571.
112. McLaughlin S, Fitch MT, Goyal DG, et al. Simulation in graduate medical education 2008: a review for emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15: 1117-1129.
113. Enhancing SIMULATION (Safety in Medicine Utilizing Leading Advanced Simulation Technologies to Improve Outcomes Now) Act of 2007, HR 4321, 110th Cong, 1st Sess 2007.