Plant stanol ester spreads as components of a balanced diet for pregnant and breast-feeding women: Evaluation of clinical safety

British Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 101, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1797-1804

  Laitinen, Kirsi ^a   Isolauri, E ^a,b   Kaipiainen, L ^c   Gylling, H ^d,e   Miettinen, T A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^b TURKU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Breast milk; Plant stanol esters; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

BETA CAROTENE; CAMPESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL; DESMOSTEROL; LATHOSTEROL; SITOSTANOL; SITOSTEROL; STANOL ESTER; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DRUG DERIVATIVE; MARGARINE; PHYTOSTEROL; SITOSTEROL DERIVATIVE; SQUALENE;

ARTICLE; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST MILK; CHILD GROWTH; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; GESTATION PERIOD; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITION; LACTATION; MATERNAL NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING; PATIENT SAFETY; PILOT STUDY; PREGNANCY; PUERPERIUM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; NEWBORN; PHYSIOLOGY; SAFETY;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BETA CAROTENE; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHOLESTEROL; DESMOSTEROL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LACTATION; MARGARINE; MILK, HUMAN; PHYTOSTEROLS; PREGNANCY; SAFETY; SITOSTEROLS; SQUALENE;

EID: 69849111000     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: 14752662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508133608     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Gylling H & Miettinen TA (2001) A review of clinical trials in dietary interventions to decrease the incidence of coronary artery disease. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2, 123-128.
2. Schaefer EJ (2002) Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 75, 191-212.
3. Napoli C, Glass CK, Witztum JL, et al. (1999) Influence of maternal hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy on progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood: fate of early lesions in children (FELIC) study. Lancet 354, 1234-1241.
4. Solomon CG, Carroll JS, Okamura K, et al. (1999) Higher cholesterol and insulin levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 12, 276-282.
5. Montelongo A, Lasunción MA, Pallardo LF, et al. (1992) Longitudinal study of plasma lipoproteins and hormones during pregnancy in normal and diabetic women. Diabetes 41, 1651-1659.
6. Brizzi P, Tonolo G, Esposito F, et al. (1999) Lipoprotein metabolism during normal pregnancy. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 181, 430-434.
7. Martin U, Davies C, Hayavi S, et al. (1999) Is normal pregnancy atherogenic? Clin Sci 96, 421-425.
8. Catalano PM, Tyzbir ED, Roman NM, et al. (1991) Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in nonobese pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165, 1667-1672.
9. Herrera E, Lasuncion MA, Gomez-Coronado D, et al. (1988) Role of lipoprotein lipase activity on lipoprotein metabolism and the fate of circulating triglycerides in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158, 1575-1583.
10. Butte NF (2000) Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 1256-1261.
11. McMurry M, Connor WE & Goplerud CP (1981) The effects of dietary cholesterol upon the hypercholesterolemia of pregnancy. Metabolism 30, 869-879.
12. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Jones P, et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels. Mayo Clin Proc 78, 965-978.
13. Phillips KM, Tarrago-Trani MT & Stewart KK (1999) Phytosterol content of experimental diets differing in fatty acid composition. Food Chem 64, 415-422.
14. Noakes M, Clifton P, Ntanios F, et al. (2002) An increase in dietary carotenoids when consuming plant sterols or stanols is effective in maintaining plasma carotenoid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 75, 79-86.
15. Sorva R, Perheentupa J & Tolppanen EM (1984) A novel format for growth chart. Acta Paediatr 73, 527-529.
16. Griffiths R (1970) The Abilities of Babies. London: University of London Press.
17. Nordic Working Group on Diet and Nutrition (1996) Nordic nutrition recommendations. Scand J Nutr 40, 161-165.
18. Becker W, Lyhne N, Pedersen AN, et al. (2004) Nordic nutrition recommendations 2004 - integrating nutrition and physical activity. Scand J Nutr 48, 178-187.
19. Piirainen T, Isolauri E, Lagström H, et al. (2006) Impact of dietary counseling on nutrient intake during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Brit J Nutr 96, 1095-1104.
20. Miettinen TA (1988) Cholesterol metabolism during ketoconazole treatment in man. J Lipid Res 29, 43-51.
21. Miettinen TA, Tilvis RS & Kesäniemi YA (1990) Serum plant sterols and cholesterol precursors reflect cholesterol absorption and synthesis in volunteers of a randomly selected male population. Am J Epidemiol 131, 20-31.
22. Friedewald WT, Levy RI & Fredrickson D (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18, 499-502.
23. Craft NE, Brown ED & Smith JC (1988) Effects of storage and handling conditions on concentrations of individual carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherol in plasma. Clin Chem 34, 44-48.
24. Hallikainen MA, Sarkkinen ES & Uusitupa MIJ (2000) Plant stanol esters affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner. J Nutr 130, 767-776.
25. Tammi A, Rönnemaa T, Gylling H, et al. (2000) Plant stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of healthy children: the STRIP project. J Pediatr 136, 503-510.
26. Wolfs M, De Jong N, Ocke MC, et al. (2006) Effectiveness of customary use of phytosterol/-stanol enriched margarines on blood cholesterol lowering. Food Chem Toxicol 44, 1682-1688.
27. Naumann E, Plat J, Kester AD, et al. (2008) The baseline serum lipoprotein profile is related to plant stanol induced changes in serum lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. J Am Coll Nutr 27, 117-126.
28. Roux C, Wolf C, Mulliez N, et al. (2000) Role of cholesterol in embryonic development. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 1270-1279.
29. Rodriguez-Palmero M, Koletzko B, Kunz C, et al. (1999) Nutritional and biochemical properties of human milk, part 2: lipids, micronutrients, and bioactive factors. Clin Perinatol 26, 335-359. (Pubitemid 29288297)
30. Gylling H, Puska P, Vartiainen E, et al. (1999) Retinol, vitamin D, carotenes and a-tocopherol in serum of a mildly hypercholesterolemic population treated with sitostanol ester margarine. Atherosclerosis 145, 279-285.
31. Hallikainen MA, Sarkkinen ES & Uusitupa MIJ (1999) Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. Eur J Clin Nutr 53, 966-969.
32. Plat J, van Onselen ENM, van Heugten MMA, et al. (2000) Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters. Eur J Clin Nutr 54, 671-677.
33. Nikkilä K, Riikonen S, Lindfors M, et al. (1996) Serum squalene and noncholesterol sterols before and after delivery in normal and cholestatic pregnancy. J Lipid Res 37, 2687-2695.
34. Catov JM, Bodnar LM, Kip EK, et al. (2007) Early pregnancy lipid concentrations and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 197, 610e1-610e7.
35. Romundstad PR, Smith GD, Nilsen TIL, et al. (2007) Associations of prepregnancy cardiovascular risk factors with the oppspring's birth weight. Am J Epidemiol 166, 1359-1364.
36. Hallikainen MA & Uusitupa MIJ (1999) Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester-containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 403-410.
37. Ostrea EM, Balun JE, Winkler R, et al. (1986) Influence of breast-feeding on the restoration of the low serum concentration of vitamin E and beta-carotene in the newborn infant. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 154, 1014-1017.
38. de Ferranti S & Ludwig DS (2008) Storm over statins - the controversy surrounding pharmacologic treatment of children. N Engl J Med 359, 1309-1312.