Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 191-212

  Schaefer, Ernst J ^a,b  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Apolipoproteins; Cholesterol; Coronary heart disease; Dietary recommendations; Fatty acids; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; Lipoprotein(a); Lipoproteins; Triacylglycerol; VLDL cholesterol

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A4; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; ARACHIS OIL; CHOLESTEROL; COCONUT OIL; CORN OIL; COTTON SEED OIL; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HOMOCYSTEINE; LARD; LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN A; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MARGARINE; OIL; OLIVE OIL; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; SAFFLOWER OIL; SATURATED FATTY ACID; SOYBEAN OIL; SUNFLOWER OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VEGETABLE OIL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; DIET RESTRICTION; DIET THERAPY; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FAT INTAKE; FEMALE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PARTICLE SIZE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ANIMALIA; ARACHIS; CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS; GLYCINE MAX; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; HELIANTHUS; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0036151904     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.2.191     Document Type: Article

References (219)

1. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
2. How reliably can compact chemistry analyzers measure lipids?
3. Multi-center evaluation of a patient administered test for blood cholesterol measurement
4. Calculated values for low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the assessment of lipid abnormalities and coronary disease risk
5. Immunoseparation method for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol directly from serum evaluated
6. Prevalence of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] excess in coronary artery disease
7. Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of coronary heart disease in men. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial
8. Lipoprotein (a) and coronary heart disease
9. Quantification of lipoprotein (a) in plasma by assaying cholesterol in lectin bound plasma fraction
10. A prospective investigation of elevated lipoprotein(a) detected by electrophoresis and cardiovascular disease in women. The Framingham Heart Study
11. Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease in men aged 55 years and younger. A prospective study
12. Lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol and coronary heart disease in the Framingham Heart Study
13. Pronounced lowering of serum levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in hyperlipidaemic subjects treated with nicotinic acid
14. Hormone replacement therapy lowers plasma Lp(a) concentrations: Comparison of cyclic transdermal and continuous estrogen-progestin regimens
15. Randomized trial of estrogen plus projestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
16. Estrogen and progestin, lipoprotein(a), and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events after menopause
17. Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride reference ranges from the Framingham Heart Study
18. Remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol is an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor in women: Results from the Framingham Heart Study
19. Effect of gender, age, and lipid status on low density lipoprotein subfraction distribution: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study
20. LDL particle size distribution: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study
21. Acute changes in lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein and low density lipoprotein particle size after an endurance triathlon
22. Differences in apolipoproteins and low density lipoprotein subfractions in postmenopausal women on and off estrogen therapy: Results from the Framingham Study
23. Nutrient intake comparisons between Framingham and rural and urban Puriscal, Costa Rica: Associations with lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and LDL particle size
24. The NHLBI Twin Study: Heritability of apolipoprotein A-I, B and low density lipoprotein subclasses and concordance for lipoprotein(a)
25. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease
26. Change in low density lipoprotein particle size is associated with change in plasma triglyceride concentration
27. Differences in LDL subspecies involve alterations in lipid composition and conformational changes in apolipoprotein B
28. Prevalence of risk factors in men with premature coronary artery disease
29. Prevalence of familial lipoprotein disorders in patients with premature coronary artery disease
30. Human apolipoprotein (Apo) B-48 and Apo B-100 kinetics with stable isotopes
31. 3] leucine in middle-aged and elderly men and women
32. Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages
33. Plasma apolipoprotein changes in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of human subjects fed a fat-rich meal
34. The contribution of apoB-48 and apoB-100 triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to post-prandial increases in plasma triglycerides and retinyl esters
35. 3] leucine
36. NIH conference. Type III hyperlipoproteinemia: Diagnosis, molecular defects, pathology, and treatment
37. Familial apolipoprotein E deficiency
38. The pathogenesis and management of lipoprotein disorders
39. The association of LDL receptor activity, LDL cholesterol level, and clinical course in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
40. Characterization of hepatic low density lipoprotein binding and cholesterol metabolism in normal and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic subjects
41. Plasma apolipoprotein A-I absence associated with marked reduction of high density lipoproteins and premature coronary heart disease
42. The clinical, biochemical, and genetic features in familial disorders of high density lipoprotein deficiency
43. Familial apolipoprotein A-I and C-III deficiency, variant II
44. Secretion of apolipoprotein A-I in lipoprotein particles following transfection of the human apolipoprotein A-I gene into 3T3 cells
45. Familial apolipoprotein A-1, C-III, and A-IV deficiency with marked high density lipoprotein deficiency and premature atherosclerosis due to a deletion of the apolipoprotein A-I, C-III, and A-IV gene complex
46. Metabolism of the apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and A-IV
47. Factors associated with low and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in the Framingham Offspring Study
48. Homozygous Tangier disease and cardiovascular disease
49. Novel mutations in the gene encoding ATP-binding cassette I in four Tangier disease kindreds
50. Cellular cholesterol efflux in heterozygotes for Tangier disease is markedly reduced and correlates with high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and particle size
51. Lipoproteins, nutrition, aging, and atherosclerosis
52. Post-prandial plasma retinyl ester response is greater in older subjects compared with younger subjects
53. Impact of age on the metabolism of VLDL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100
54. Human apolipoprotein A-I and A-II metabolism
55. The effect of estrogen administration on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in premenopausal females
56. Estrogen increases apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I secretion in Hep G2 cells by modulating transcription of the Apo A-I gene promoter
57. Impact of body mass index on coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women, The Framingham Offspring Study
58. Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and low density lipoprotein size among diabetics in the Framingham Offspring Study
59. The measurement of very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein apoB-100 and high density lipoprotein A-I synthesis in human subjects using deuterated leucine: Effect of fasting and feeding
60. Modified food guide pyramid for people over seventy years of age
61. Effects of canola, corn, and olive oils on fasting and postprandial plasma lipoproteins in humans as part of a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet
62. Hydrogenation impairs the hypolipidemic effect of corn oil in humans: Hydrogenation, trans fatty acids, and plasma lipids
63. Effects of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels
64. The effects of low cholesterol, high polyunsaturated fat, and low fat diets on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects
65. Hypercholesterolemic effect of dietary cholesterol in diets enriched in polyunsaturated and saturated fat
66. Individual variability in lipoprotein cholesterol response to National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets
67. Efficacy of a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic middle aged and elderly men and women
68. Effects of National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets relatively high or relatively low in fish-derived fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged and elderly subjects
69. Lipid lowering and weight reduction by home-delivered dietary modification in coronary heart disease patients on statins
70. Effect of apolipoprotein E phenotype on diet induced plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering
71. ApoA-IV phenotype affects diet induced plasma LDL cholesterol lowering
72. Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms
73. Effects of gender and menopausal status on the association of apolipoprotein E phenotype with plasma lipoprotein levels. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study
74. Effect of apolipoprotein E and A-IV phenotypes on the low density lipoprotein response to HMG CoA reductase inhibitor therapy
75. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis related to low density lipoprotein metabolism during varying cholesterol intake in men with different apoE phenotypes
76. Effects of apoE genotype on apoB-48 and apoB-100 kinetics with stable isotopes in humans
77. Apolipoprotein E alleles, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Offspring Study
78. Apolipoprotein E genotype and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Heart Study
79. Apolipoprotein E4 association with dementia in a population based study
80. A common truncation variant of lipoprotein lipase (Ser 447X) confers protection against coronary heart disease: The Framingham Offspring Study
81. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk. The Framingham Study
82. Association of polymorphisms at the SR-B1 gene locus with plasma lipid levels and body mass index in a white population
83. Comparison of effects of palmitic and stearic acids in the diet on serum cholesterol in man
84. Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man
85. Dietary fats and sterols
86. Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins
87. Effect of dietary fat saturation and cholesterol on low density lipoprotein composition and metabolism. I. In vivo studies of receptor and non-receptor mediated catabolism of LDL in Cebus monkeys
88. Rates of receptor-dependent and -independent low density lipoprotein uptake in the hamster
89. Effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on liver lipid content and hepatic apolipoprotein A-I, B and E and LDL receptor mRNA levels in Cebus monkeys
90. Diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids enhance apolipoprotein A-I catabolism but do not affect either its production or hepatic mRNA abundance in cynomolgus monkeys
91. Effect of dietary fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins and high density lipoprotein metabolism of the Rhesus monkey
92. Different kinetic fates of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II from lymph chylomicra of non-human primates
93. A low-fat diet decreases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by decreasing HDL apolipoprotein transport rates
94. Dietary restriction of saturated fat and cholesterol decreases HDL apoA-I secretion
95. Effect of corn and coconut oil-containing diets with and without cholesterol on high density lipoprotein apoprotein A-I metabolism and hepatic apoprotein A-I mRNA levels in cebus monkeys
96. Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. IV. Particular saturated fatty acids in the diet
97. Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in humans
98. Effects of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins-the Jerusalem Nutrition Study. II. Monounsaturated fatty acids vs carbohydrates
99. The effects of polyunsaturated fat vs monounsaturated fat on plasma lipoproteins
100. The Mediterranean-type diet: Is there a need for further modification?
101. Effect of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in women
102. 2 and prostacyclin production in healthy young men
103. Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis of 27 trials
104. Effects of a monounsaturated rapeseed oil and a polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet on lipoprotein levels in humans
105. Effect of diets high in butter, corn oil, or high-oleic acid sunflower oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men
106. A diet enriched in monounsaturated fats decreases low density lipoprotein concentrations by a different mechanism than does a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fats in cynomolgus monkeys
107. Comparison of the effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man
108. Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects
109. Hydrogenation alternatives: Effects of trans fatty acids and stearic acid versus linoleic acid on serum lipids and lipoproteins in humans
110. Dietary trans fatty acids: Effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of healthy men and women
111. Plasma cholesterol-lowering potential of edible-oil blends suitable for commercial use
112. Effect of dietary cis and trans fatty acids on serum lipoprotein[a] levels in humans
113. Effects of margarine compared with those of butter on blood lipid profiles related to cardiovascular disease risk factors in normolipemic adults fed controlled diets
114. Criteria for plasma essential fatty acid deficiency as assessed by capillary column gas liquid chromatography
115. Plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels in various genetic forms of retinitis pigmentosa
116. Red blood cell membrane phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acid content in various forms of retinitis pigmentosa
117. The effects of dietary arachidonic acid on plasma lipoprotein distributions, apoproteins, blood lipid levels, and tissue fatty acid composition in humans
118. Fatty acid content of marine oil capsules
119. n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: Human studies
120. Effect of fish oil on atherogenesis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits
121. Infusion of fish oil emulsion: Effects on platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition in phospholipids of plasma, platelets, and red blood cell membranes in rabbits
122. Effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil on systolic blood pressure in mild essential hypertension
123. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
124. Immunologic effects of National Cholesterol Panel Step 2 diets with and without fish derived n-3 fatty acid enrichment
125. Relationship between dietary intake, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in Taipei and Framingham
126. Uber experimentelle cholesterinsteatose und ihre bedeutung fur die entstehung einiger pathologischer prozesse
127. Influence of short term dietary cholesterol and fat on human plasma Lp[a] and LDL levels
128. The interrelated effects of dietary cholesterol and fat upon human serum lipid levels
129. Effects of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol: A meta-analysis and review
130. Effects of dietary cholesterol on the regulation of total body cholesterol in man
131. Diet and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. The Ireland-Boston Diet-Heart Study
132. Commodity consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality, with special references to dietary practices
133. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease
134. Diet, prevalence and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease in 871 middle-aged men. The Zutphen Study
135. Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease. The Western Electric Study
136. Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program. Relationship to nutrient intake
137. Risk factors: Their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases
138. Population studies
139. Regional differences in prevalence, incidence, and mortality from atherosclerotic coronary heart disease
140. Reproducibility of the variations between humans in the response of serum cholesterol to cessation of egg consumption
141. Effect of a diet enriched with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids on levels of low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy women and men
142. Effect of dietary egg on variability of plasma cholesterol levels and lipoprotein cholesterol
143. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk
144. Should a low-fat, high carbohydrate diet be recommended for everyone? Beyond low-fat diets
145. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 fat-restricted diets in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic men - The Dietary Alternatives Study
146. Compared with dietary monounsaturated and saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat protects African green monkeys from coronary artery atherosclerosis
147. Low-fat diets
148. Improved stenosis geometry by quantitative coronary arteriography after vigorous risk factor modification
149. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?
150. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary atherosclerosis? Four-year results of the Lifestyle Heart Trial
151. Body weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes after consumption of a low fat ad libitum diet
152. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis
153. Dietary fat saturation effects on low-density-lipoprotein concentrations and metabolism in various animal models
154. Individual fatty acid effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: Human studies
155. Plasma cholesterol-predictive equations demonstrate that stearic acid is neutral and monounsaturated fatty acids are hypocholesterolemic
156. Dietary fat and serum lipids: An evaluation of the experimental data
157. Effects of dietary fat and fatty acids on coronary artery disease risk and total and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: Epidemiologic studies
158. Coronary heart disease in seven countries
159. Epidemiological studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Demographic, physical, dietary and biochemical characteristics
160. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California
161. Diet, alcohol and coronary heart disease in men
162. Dietary fat intake and carotid artery wall thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
163. Dietary lipid predictors of coronary heart disease in men. The Framingham Study
164. Nutrition and cardiovascular mortality in Belgium
165. Trans fatty acid intake and risk of myocardial infarction
166. Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death
167. Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study: A prospective study
168. Lack of efficacy of a food-frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary macronutrient intakes in subjects consuming diets of known composition
169. A nutritional program for prolongation of life in coronary atherosclerosis
170. Diet in coronary atherosclerosis
171. Treatment of atherosclerosis by diet
172. Lipoproteins and diet in coronary heart disease
173. Effect on serum cholesterol level of replacement of dietary milk fat by soy bean oil
174. The Anti-Coronary Club. The first four years
175. Prophylaxis and treatment of the coronary syndrome
176. Modified-fat dietary management of the young male with coronary disease. A five-year report
177. The anti-coronary club. A dietary approach to the prevention of coronary heart disease: Seven-year report
178. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: Long-term experiment. I. Observations on male subjects
179. Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart-disease and other causes
180. Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart disease and other causes
181. The effect of plasma cholesterol lowering diet in male survivors of myocardial infarction
182. Controlled trial of a diet high in unsaturated fat for prevention of atherosclerotic complications
183. Test of effect of lipid lowering by diet on cardiovascular risk: The Minnesota Coronary Survey
184. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART)
185. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
186. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: Final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study
187. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial
188. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) Study: The design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events
189. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
190. Epidemiological and public health studies of treatment of hypercholesterolemia
191. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
192. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study
193. The influence of diet on the appearance of new lesions in human coronary arteries
194. Effects on coronary artery disease of lipid-lowering diet, or diet plus cholestyramine, in the St Thomas' Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS)
195. The effects of intensive multiple risk factor reduction on coronary atherosclerosis and clinical cardiac events: The Stanford Coronary Intervention Project (SCRIP)
196. Development of new coronary atherosclerotic lesions during a 4-year multifactor risk reduction program: The Stanford Risk Intervention Project (SCRIP)
197. Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet: Effects of progression on coronary artery disease
198. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering
199. Helsinki Heart Study: Primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle aged men with dyslipidemia
200. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia
201. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels
202. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease
203. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
204. Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
205. Rationale and design of a secondary prevention trial of lowering normal plasma cholesterol levels after acute myocardial infarction: The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial (CARE)
206. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels
207. Relationship between plasma LDL concentrations during treatment with pravastatin and recurrent coronary events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial
208. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts
209. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
210. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease
211. Lovastatin decreases de novo cholesterol synthesis and LDL apoB-100 production rates in combined-hyperlipidemic males
212. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study
213. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VIA-HIT: A randomized controlled trial
214. The effect of vitamin E, probucol, and lovastatin on oxidative status and aortic fatty lesions in hyperlipidemic-diabetic hamsters
215. Optimal risk factor management in the patient after coronary revascularization
216. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies of Coronary Prevention