메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 517-528

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of antimicrobials: Potential for providing dosing regimens that are less vulnerable to resistance

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 69249124938     PISSN: 03125963     EISSN: 11791926     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/10895960-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 33745481821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance: Factors and outcomes
    • Fish DN, Ohlinger MJ. Antimicrobial resistance: factors and outcomes. Crit Care Clin 2006; 22 (2): 291-311
    • (2006) Crit Care Clin , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-311
    • Fish, D.N.1    Ohlinger, M.J.2
  • 2
    • 0033019498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units
    • Fridkin SK, Gaynes RP. Antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units. Clin Chest Med 1999; 20 (2): 303-16
    • (1999) Clin Chest Med , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-316
    • Fridkin, S.K.1    Gaynes, R.P.2
  • 3
    • 0034034904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational empiric antibiotic prescription in the ICU
    • Singh N, Yu VL. Rational empiric antibiotic prescription in the ICU. Chest 2000; 117 (5): .1496-9
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 1496-1499
    • Singh, N.1    Yu, V.L.2
  • 4
    • 0346753421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2003, issued August 2003
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance NNIS
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2003, issued August 2003. Am. J Infect Control 2003; 31 (8): 481-98
    • (2003) Am. J Infect Control , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 481-498
  • 5
    • 34548414967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to prevent transmission of antimicrobial- resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit
    • Huskins WC. Interventions to prevent transmission of antimicrobial- resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care 2007; 13 (5): 572-7
    • (2007) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 572-577
    • Huskins, W.C.1
  • 6
    • 9644295892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued. October 2004
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued. October 2004. Am. J Infect Control. 2004; 32 (8): 470-85
    • (2004) Am. J Infect Control , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 470-485
  • 7
    • 31044456290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003
    • Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Tenover FC, et al. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003. Clin infect Dis 2006; 42 (3): 389-91
    • (2006) Clin infect Dis , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-391
    • Klevens, R.M.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Tenover, F.C.3
  • 8
    • 69249128530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System [EARSS, Bilthoven; EARSS, 2007 Oct, online, Available from URL:, Accessed Aug 1
    • European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System [EARSS]. EARSS annual report 2006 Bilthoven; EARSS, 2007 Oct. [online]. Available from URL: http://www.rivm.nl/earss/Images/EARSS%202006%20Def-tcm6144176.pdf [Accessed 2008 Aug 1]
    • (2008) EARSS annual report 2006
  • 9
    • 33744823760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: Could pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients?
    • Pea F, Viale P. The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: could pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients? Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42(12): 1764-71
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 1764-1771
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2
  • 10
    • 33645830525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-modulation, of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor on monocytes during human septic shock
    • Pangault C, Le Tulzo Y, Tattevin P, et al. Down-modulation, of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor on monocytes during human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 34 (4): 1193-201
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1193-1201
    • Pangault, C.1    Le Tulzo, Y.2    Tattevin, P.3
  • 11
    • 34249870835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of drug-exposure intensity and duration, of therapy on the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to a quinolone antimicrobial
    • Tarn VH, Louie A, Fritsche TR, et al. Impact of drug-exposure intensity and duration, of therapy on the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to a quinolone antimicrobial. J Infect Dis 2007; 195 (12): 1818-27
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.195 , Issue.12 , pp. 1818-1827
    • Tarn, V.H.1    Louie, A.2    Fritsche, T.R.3
  • 12
    • 32044442986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crisis of resistance: Identifying drug exposures to suppress amplification of resistant mutant subpopulations
    • Drusano GL, Louie A, Deziel M, et al. The crisis of resistance: identifying drug exposures to suppress amplification of resistant mutant subpopulations. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42 (4): 525-32
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-532
    • Drusano, G.L.1    Louie, A.2    Deziel, M.3
  • 13
    • 31344476129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising dosing strategies of antibacterials utilising pharmacodynamic principles: Impact on the development of resistance
    • DeRyke CA, Lee SY, Kuti JL, et al. Optimising dosing strategies of antibacterials utilising pharmacodynamic principles: impact on the development of resistance. Drugs 2006; 66 (1): 1-14
    • (2006) Drugs , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • DeRyke, C.A.1    Lee, S.Y.2    Kuti, J.L.3
  • 14
    • 33745235120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics: Relation to antimicrobial resistance
    • Rybak MJ. Pharmacodynamics: relation to antimicrobial resistance. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34 (5 Suppl. 1): S38-45
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 1
    • Rybak, M.J.1
  • 15
    • 34548265066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing drug exposure to minimize selection of antibiotic resistance
    • Olofsson SK, Cars O. Optimizing drug exposure to minimize selection of antibiotic resistance. Clin. Infect Dis 2007; 45 Suppl, 2: S129-36
    • (2007) Clin. Infect Dis , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL.and 2
    • Olofsson, S.K.1    Cars, O.2
  • 16
    • 0006682040 scopus 로고
    • Effect, of schedule of administration on the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin: Importance of the aggregate time penicillin remains at effectively bactericidal levels
    • Eagle H, Fleischmann R, Musselman AD. Effect, of schedule of administration on the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin: importance of the aggregate time penicillin remains at effectively bactericidal levels. Am J Med 1950; 9 (3): 280-99
    • (1950) Am J Med , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 280-299
    • Eagle, H.1    Fleischmann, R.2    Musselman, A.D.3
  • 17
    • 33845696211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokineticspharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: It's not just for mice anymore
    • Ambrose PG, Bhavnani. SM, Rubino CM, et al. Pharmacokineticspharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: it's not just for mice anymore. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (1): 79-86
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-86
    • Ambrose, P.G.1    Bhavnani, S.M.2    Rubino, C.M.3
  • 18
    • 34447126309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials
    • Drusano GL. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45 Suppl. 1: S89-95
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Drusano, G.L.1
  • 19
    • 12944307865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in critical illness
    • Mehrotra R, De Gaudio R, Palazzo M. Antibiotic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30 (12): 2145-56
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2145-2156
    • Mehrotra, R.1    De Gaudio, R.2    Palazzo, M.3
  • 20
    • 0028233862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garraffo R. Optimal adaptive control of pharmacodynamic effects with aminoglycoside antibiotics: a required approach for the future. Int J Biomed Comput 1994; 36 (1.-2): 43-57
    • Garraffo R. Optimal adaptive control of pharmacodynamic effects with aminoglycoside antibiotics: a required approach for the future. Int J Biomed Comput 1994; 36 (1.-2): 43-57
  • 21
    • 0031952586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: Rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men
    • Craig WA. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26 (1): 1-10
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Craig, W.A.1
  • 22
    • 34547402464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints
    • Turnidge J, Paterson DL. Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20 (3): 391-408
    • (2007) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-408
    • Turnidge, J.1    Paterson, D.L.2
  • 23
    • 7444254040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections
    • Moise-Broder PA, Forrest A. Birmingham MC, et al. Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004; 43 (13): 925-42
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.43 , Issue.13 , pp. 925-942
    • Moise-Broder, P.A.1    Forrest, A.2    Birmingham, M.C.3
  • 24
    • 33748696830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment duration on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices correlating with therapeutic efficacy of ceftazidime in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection
    • Bakker-Woudenberg IA, ten Kate MT, Goessens WH, et al. Effect of treatment duration on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices correlating with therapeutic efficacy of ceftazidime in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50 (9): 2919-25
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , Issue.9 , pp. 2919-2925
    • Bakker-Woudenberg, I.A.1    ten Kate, M.T.2    Goessens, W.H.3
  • 25
    • 0028082381 scopus 로고
    • In vitro selective antibiotic concentrations of beta-lactams for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae populations
    • Negri MC, Morosini MI, Loza E, et al. In vitro selective antibiotic concentrations of beta-lactams for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae populations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38 (1): 122-5
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 122-125
    • Negri, M.C.1    Morosini, M.I.2    Loza, E.3
  • 26
    • 0033844973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-dependent selection of small phenotypic differences in TEM beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance
    • Negri MC, Lipsitch M, Blazquez J, et al. Concentration-dependent selection of small phenotypic differences in TEM beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44 (9): 2485-91
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 2485-2491
    • Negri, M.C.1    Lipsitch, M.2    Blazquez, J.3
  • 27
    • 33847045214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant selection window hypothesis updated
    • Drlica K, Zhao X. Mutant selection window hypothesis updated. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (5): 681-8
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 681-688
    • Drlica, K.1    Zhao, X.2
  • 28
    • 33846442436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piperacillin-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: Clinical implications of an extended-infusion dosing strategy
    • Lodise Jr TP, Lomaestro B, Drusano GL. Piperacillin-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: clinical implications of an extended-infusion dosing strategy. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (3): 357-63
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-363
    • Lodise Jr, T.P.1    Lomaestro, B.2    Drusano, G.L.3
  • 29
    • 34247101013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio and resistance development with gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin
    • LaPlante KL, Rybak MJ, Tsuji B, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio and resistance development with gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51 (4): 1315-20
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1315-1320
    • LaPlante, K.L.1    Rybak, M.J.2    Tsuji, B.3
  • 30
    • 0042743965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy
    • Jumbe N, Louie A, Leary R, et al. Application of a mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy. J Clin Invest 2003; .112 (2): 275-85
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-285
    • Jumbe, N.1    Louie, A.2    Leary, R.3
  • 31
    • 0141894015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro dynamic model that simulates moxifloxacin concentrations inside and outside the mutant selection window: Related changes in susceptibility, resistance frequency and bacterial, killing
    • Zinner SH, Lubenko IY, Gilbert D, et al. Emergence of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro dynamic model that simulates moxifloxacin concentrations inside and outside the mutant selection window: related changes in susceptibility, resistance frequency and bacterial, killing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (4): 616-22
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 616-622
    • Zinner, S.H.1    Lubenko, I.Y.2    Gilbert, D.3
  • 32
    • 28844443170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of meropenem minimum concentration/MIC ratio to suppress in vitro resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Tam VH, Schilling AN, Neshat S, et al. Optimization of meropenem minimum concentration/MIC ratio to suppress in vitro resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49 (12): 4920-7
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 4920-4927
    • Tam, V.H.1    Schilling, A.N.2    Neshat, S.3
  • 33
    • 33748028807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pharmacodynamic approach, to antimicrobial activity in serum and epithelial, lining fluid against in vivoselected Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants and association with clinical failure in pneumonia
    • Alou L, Gimenez MJ, Sevillano D, et al. A pharmacodynamic approach, to antimicrobial activity in serum and epithelial, lining fluid against in vivoselected Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants and association with clinical failure in pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58 (2): 349-58
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 349-358
    • Alou, L.1    Gimenez, M.J.2    Sevillano, D.3
  • 34
    • 34447581034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation, of vancomycin and daptomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus in reference to accessory gene regulator (AGR) polymorphism and function
    • Rose WE, Rybak MJ, Tsuji BT, et al. Correlation, of vancomycin and daptomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus in reference to accessory gene regulator (AGR) polymorphism and function. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59 (6): 1190-3
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 1190-1193
    • Rose, W.E.1    Rybak, M.J.2    Tsuji, B.T.3
  • 35
    • 0031684767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo activities of amoxicillin and amoxicillinclavulanate against Streptococcus pneumoniae: Application to breakpoint determinations
    • Andes D, Craig WA. In vivo activities of amoxicillin and amoxicillinclavulanate against Streptococcus pneumoniae: application to breakpoint determinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42 (9): 2375-9
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 2375-2379
    • Andes, D.1    Craig, W.A.2
  • 36
    • 0028867631 scopus 로고
    • Killing activity of cefpirome against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with meningitis in a pharmacodynamic model simulating the cerebrospinal fluid concentration profile
    • Fitoussi F, Doit C, Sandin A, et al. Killing activity of cefpirome against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with meningitis in a pharmacodynamic model simulating the cerebrospinal fluid concentration profile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39 (11): 2560-3
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , Issue.11 , pp. 2560-2563
    • Fitoussi, F.1    Doit, C.2    Sandin, A.3
  • 37
    • 0037311178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suboptimal antibiotic dosage as a risk factor for selection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: In vitro kinetic model
    • Odenholt I, Gustafsson I, Lowdin E, et al. Suboptimal antibiotic dosage as a risk factor for selection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: in vitro kinetic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (2): 518-23
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 518-523
    • Odenholt, I.1    Gustafsson, I.2    Lowdin, E.3
  • 38
    • 0041767539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae during penicillin treatment in vitro and in three animal models
    • Knudsen JD, Odenholt I. Erlendsdottir H, et al. Selection of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae during penicillin treatment in vitro and in three animal models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (8): 2499-506
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 2499-2506
    • Knudsen, J.D.1    Odenholt, I.2    Erlendsdottir, H.3
  • 39
    • 34248155761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ceftazidime dose regimen on the selection of resistant Enterobacter cloacae in the intestinal flora of rats treated for an experimental pulmonary infection
    • Goessens WH, Mouton JW, ten Kate MT, et al. Role of ceftazidime dose regimen on the selection of resistant Enterobacter cloacae in the intestinal flora of rats treated for an experimental pulmonary infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59 (3): 507-16
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 507-516
    • Goessens, W.H.1    Mouton, J.W.2    ten Kate, M.T.3
  • 40
    • 0038414586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of the mutant selection window hypothesis using four fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus
    • Firsov AA, Vostrov SN, Lubenko IY, et al. In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of the mutant selection window hypothesis using four fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (5): 1604-13
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 1604-1613
    • Firsov, A.A.1    Vostrov, S.N.2    Lubenko, I.Y.3
  • 41
    • 28844432326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic model, to describe the concentration-dependent selection, of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coll
    • Olofsson SK, Geli P, Andersson DI, et al. Pharmacodynamic model, to describe the concentration-dependent selection, of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coll. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49 (12): 5081-91
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 5081-5091
    • Olofsson, S.K.1    Geli, P.2    Andersson, D.I.3
  • 42
    • 0034058590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic efficacy in vivo predicted by in vitro activity
    • Mattie H. Antibiotic efficacy in vivo predicted by in vitro activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; .14 (2): 91-8
    • (2000) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-98
    • Mattie, H.1
  • 43
    • 0036218554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance
    • Bent LZ, Hoener BA. Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol. Ther 2002; 71 (3): 115-21
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacol. Ther , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 115-121
    • Bent, L.Z.1    Hoener, B.A.2
  • 44
    • 0027161344 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients
    • Forrest A, Nix DE, Ballow CH, et al. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37 (5): 1073-81
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1073-1081
    • Forrest, A.1    Nix, D.E.2    Ballow, C.H.3
  • 45
    • 0031940776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy
    • Thomas JK, Forrest A, Bhavnani SM, et al. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42 (3): 521-7
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 521-527
    • Thomas, J.K.1    Forrest, A.2    Bhavnani, S.M.3
  • 46
    • 0032515386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: A new paradigm for early clinical trials
    • Preston SL, Drusano GL, Berman AL, et al. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: a new paradigm for early clinical trials. JAMA 1998; 279 (2): 125-9
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-129
    • Preston, S.L.1    Drusano, G.L.2    Berman, A.L.3
  • 47
    • 2442549489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drusano GL, Preston SL, Fowler C, et al. Relationship between fluoroquinolone area under the curve: minimum inhibitory concentration ratio and the probability of eradication of the infecting pathogen, in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2004; 189 (9): 1.590-7
    • Drusano GL, Preston SL, Fowler C, et al. Relationship between fluoroquinolone area under the curve: minimum inhibitory concentration ratio and the probability of eradication of the infecting pathogen, in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2004; 189 (9): 1.590-7
  • 48
    • 0034812780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections
    • Ambrose PO, Grasela DM, Grasela TH, et al, Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45 (10): 2793-7
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 2793-2797
    • Ambrose, P.O.1    Grasela, D.M.2    Grasela, T.H.3
  • 49
    • 0023625638 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter collaborative evaluation, of a standardized serum bactericidal test as a predictor of therapeutic efficacy in acute and chronic osteomyelitis
    • Weinstein MP, Stratton CW, Hawley HB, et al. Multicenter collaborative evaluation, of a standardized serum bactericidal test as a predictor of therapeutic efficacy in acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Am J Med 1987; 83 (2): 218-22
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 218-222
    • Weinstein, M.P.1    Stratton, C.W.2    Hawley, H.B.3
  • 50
    • 0031856680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams
    • Turnidge JD. The pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27(l): 10-22
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , Issue.L , pp. 10-22
    • Turnidge, J.D.1
  • 51
    • 0029988372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in otitis media
    • Craig WA, Andes D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15 (3): 255-9
    • (1996) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-259
    • Craig, W.A.1    Andes, D.2
  • 52
    • 9444289889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams and outcome
    • Sadaba B, Azanza JR, Campanero MA, et al. Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (11): 990-8
    • (2004) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 990-998
    • Sadaba, B.1    Azanza, J.R.2    Campanero, M.A.3
  • 53
    • 0032481410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dosage and long treatment duration of beta-lactam: Risk factors for carriage of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Guillemot D, Carbon. C, Balkan B, et al. Low dosage and long treatment duration of beta-lactam: risk factors for carriage of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. JAMA. 1998; 279 (5): 365-70
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-370
    • Guillemot, D.1    Carbon, C.2    Balkan, B.3
  • 54
    • 0035806619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-course, high-dose amoxicillin therapy on resistant pneumococcal carriage: A randomized trial
    • Schrag SJ, Pena C, Fernandez J, et al. Effect of short-course, high-dose amoxicillin therapy on resistant pneumococcal carriage: a randomized trial. JAMA 2001; 286(1): 49-56
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Schrag, S.J.1    Pena, C.2    Fernandez, J.3
  • 55
    • 40849085072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections
    • McKinnon PS, Paladino JA, Schentag JJ. Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31 (4): 345-51
    • (2008) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-351
    • McKinnon, P.S.1    Paladino, J.A.2    Schentag, J.J.3
  • 56
    • 34547224444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for cefepime dosing regimens in intensive care units
    • Roos JF, Bulitta J, Lipman J, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for cefepime dosing regimens in intensive care units. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58 (5): 987-93
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 987-993
    • Roos, J.F.1    Bulitta, J.2    Lipman, J.3
  • 57
    • 18844446241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of an 800-mg dose of telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by extracellular pathogens
    • Lodise TP, Preston S, Bhargava V, et al, Pharmacodynamics of an 800-mg dose of telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by extracellular pathogens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 52 (1): 45-52
    • (2005) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-52
    • Lodise, T.P.1    Preston, S.2    Bhargava, V.3
  • 58
    • 0032979927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumonia caused, by gram-negative bacteria
    • Kashuba AD, Nafziger AN, Drusano GL, et al. Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumonia caused, by gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43 (3): 623-9
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 623-629
    • Kashuba, A.D.1    Nafziger, A.N.2    Drusano, G.L.3
  • 59
    • 0141963048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: An antibiotic pharmacodynamic analysis
    • Zelenitsky SA, Harding GK, Sun S, et al. Treatment and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: an antibiotic pharmacodynamic analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (4): 668-74
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 668-674
    • Zelenitsky, S.A.1    Harding, G.K.2    Sun, S.3
  • 60
    • 33748695978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily tobramycin in cystic fibrosis: Better for clinical outcome than, thrice-daily tobramycin but more resistance development?
    • Burkhardt O, Lehmann C, Madabushi R, et al. Once-daily tobramycin in cystic fibrosis: better for clinical outcome than, thrice-daily tobramycin but more resistance development? J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58 (4): 822-9
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 822-829
    • Burkhardt, O.1    Lehmann, C.2    Madabushi, R.3
  • 61
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, et al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 290 (19): 2588-98
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.19 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 62
    • 19544392338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic evaluation of meropenem and imipenem in critically ill patients with sepsis
    • Novelli A, Adembri C, Livi P, et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of meropenem and imipenem in critically ill patients with sepsis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44 (5): 539-49
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 539-549
    • Novelli, A.1    Adembri, C.2    Livi, P.3
  • 63
    • 40749099832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam: Implications on the appropriateness of the resistance breakpoint
    • Tarn VH, Gamez EA, Weston JS, et al, Outcomes of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam: implications on the appropriateness of the resistance breakpoint. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46 (6): 862-7
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 862-867
    • Tarn, V.H.1    Gamez, E.A.2    Weston, J.S.3
  • 64
    • 33847352470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin simulating epithelial lining fluid concentrations against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Lee SY, Fan HW, Sutherland C, et al. Antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin simulating epithelial lining fluid concentrations against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Drugs R D 2007; 8 (2): 69-77
    • (2007) Drugs R D , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-77
    • Lee, S.Y.1    Fan, H.W.2    Sutherland, C.3
  • 65
    • 33947501712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ertapenem in critically ill patients with early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia: Pharmacokinetics with special consideration of free-drug concentration
    • Burkhardt O, Kumar V, Katterwe D, et al. Ertapenem in critically ill patients with early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia: pharmacokinetics with special consideration of free-drug concentration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59 (2): 277-84
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-284
    • Burkhardt, O.1    Kumar, V.2    Katterwe, D.3
  • 67
    • 84866372948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clinical breakpoints [online, Available from, Accessed 2009 Jul 14
    • European. Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clinical breakpoints [online]. Available from http://www.srga.org/eucastwt/MICTAB/index. html [Accessed 2009 Jul 14]
    • Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
  • 68
    • 34548495074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back to the future: Using aminoglycosides again and how to dose them optimally
    • Drusano GL, Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, et al, Back to the future: using aminoglycosides again and how to dose them optimally. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45 (6): 753-60
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 753-760
    • Drusano, G.L.1    Ambrose, P.G.2    Bhavnani, S.M.3
  • 69
    • 84974932685 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of netilmicin given once versus twice daily
    • Novelli A, Mazzei T, Fallani S, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of netilmicin given once versus twice daily. J Chemother 1991; 3 Suppl. 4: 229-32
    • (1991) J Chemother , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 229-232
    • Novelli, A.1    Mazzei, T.2    Fallani, S.3
  • 70
    • 0029394795 scopus 로고
    • Nephrotoxicity, high frequency ototoxicity, efficacy and serum kinetics of once versus thrice daily dosing of netilmicin in patients with serious infections
    • Blaser J, Simmen HP, Thurnheer U, et al. Nephrotoxicity, high frequency ototoxicity, efficacy and serum kinetics of once versus thrice daily dosing of netilmicin in patients with serious infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 36 (5): 803-14
    • (1995) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 803-814
    • Blaser, J.1    Simmen, H.P.2    Thurnheer, U.3
  • 72
    • 0020047988 scopus 로고
    • Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 1640 patients: Method for control of serum concentrations
    • Zaske DE, Cipolle RJ, Rotschafer JC, et al. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 1640 patients: method for control of serum concentrations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982; 21 (3): 407-11
    • (1982) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-411
    • Zaske, D.E.1    Cipolle, R.J.2    Rotschafer, J.C.3
  • 73
    • 0028831358 scopus 로고
    • The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome: Focus on antibacterial agents
    • Hyatt JM, McKinnon PS, Zimmer GS, et al. The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome: focus on antibacterial agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28 (2): 143-60
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-160
    • Hyatt, J.M.1    McKinnon, P.S.2    Zimmer, G.S.3
  • 74
    • 34548401204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of beta-lactams
    • Mouton JW, Vinks AA. Continuous infusion of beta-lactams. Curr Opin Crit Care 2007; 13 (5): 598-606
    • (2007) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 598-606
    • Mouton, J.W.1    Vinks, A.A.2
  • 75
    • 35948933385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-effect relationship of ceftazidime explains why the time above the MIC is 40 percent for a static effect in vivo
    • Mouton JW, Punt N, Vinks AA. Concentration-effect relationship of ceftazidime explains why the time above the MIC is 40 percent for a static effect in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51 (9): 3449-51
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , Issue.9 , pp. 3449-3451
    • Mouton, J.W.1    Punt, N.2    Vinks, A.A.3
  • 76
    • 0024414480 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the dosage schedule on the efficacy of ceftazidime, gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia in leukopenic rats
    • Roosendaal R, Bakker-Woudenberg IA, van den Berghe-van Raffe M, et al, Impact of the dosage schedule on the efficacy of ceftazidime, gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia in leukopenic rats. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8 (10): 878-87
    • (1989) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 878-887
    • Roosendaal, R.1    Bakker-Woudenberg, I.A.2    van den Berghe-van Raffe, M.3
  • 77
    • 0036206559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of a continuous-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam program in a large community teaching hospital
    • Grant EM, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP, et al. Clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of a continuous-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam program in a large community teaching hospital. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22 (4): 471-83
    • (2002) Pharmacotherapy , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 471-483
    • Grant, E.M.1    Kuti, J.L.2    Nicolau, D.P.3
  • 78
    • 33745611564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of unbound linezolid in plasma and tissue interstitium of critically ill patients after multiple dosing using microdialysis
    • Buerger C, Plock N, Dehghanyar P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of unbound linezolid in plasma and tissue interstitium of critically ill patients after multiple dosing using microdialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50 (7): 2455-63
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , Issue.7 , pp. 2455-2463
    • Buerger, C.1    Plock, N.2    Dehghanyar, P.3
  • 79
    • 0038778571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MacGowan AP. .Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of linezolid in healthy volunteers and patients with Gram-positive infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51 Suppl. 2:ii17-25
    • MacGowan AP. .Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of linezolid in healthy volunteers and patients with Gram-positive infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51 Suppl. 2:ii17-25
  • 80
    • 37549032134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic profile in critically ill septic patients: Intermittent versus continuous infusion
    • Adembri C, Fallani S, Cassetta MI, et al. Linezolid pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic profile in critically ill septic patients: intermittent versus continuous infusion. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31 (2): 122-9
    • (2008) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-129
    • Adembri, C.1    Fallani, S.2    Cassetta, M.I.3
  • 81
    • 34247177409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic factors influencing emergence of resistance to linezolid in an in vitro model
    • Boak LM, Li J, Rayner CR, et al, Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic factors influencing emergence of resistance to linezolid in an in vitro model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51 (4): 1287-92
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Boak, L.M.1    Li, J.2    Rayner, C.R.3
  • 82
    • 46249110625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to derive a linezolid regimen that optimizes bacterial kill and prevents emergence of resistance in Bacillus antkracis
    • Louie A, Heine HS, Kim K, et al. Use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to derive a linezolid regimen that optimizes bacterial kill and prevents emergence of resistance in Bacillus antkracis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52 (7): 2486-96
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 2486-2496
    • Louie, A.1    Heine, H.S.2    Kim, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.