메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 119-124

Designing immunotherapies to thwart drug abuse

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; COCAINE VACCINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; METHAMPHETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE VACCINE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NICOTINE; NICOTINE VACCINE; PHENCYCLIDINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE;

EID: 67650457646     PISSN: 15340384     EISSN: 15432548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1124/mi.9.3.5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 70949088240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economic Cost of Methamphetamine Use in the United States
    • Drug Policy Research Center
    • Nicosia, N., Pacula, R.L., Kilmer, B., Lundberg, R., and Chiesa, J. The Economic Cost of Methamphetamine Use in the United States, 2005. Drug Policy Research Center. RAND Corporation Monograph Series. www.rand.org/pubs/ monographs/2009/RAND-MG829.pdf
    • (2005) RAND Corporation Monograph Series
    • Nicosia, N.1    Pacula, R.L.2    Kilmer, B.3    Lundberg, R.4    Chiesa, J.5
  • 3
    • 0026709594 scopus 로고
    • A lasting vulnerability to psychosis in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis
    • Sato, M. A lasting vulnerability to psychosis in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 654, 160-170 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.654 , pp. 160-170
    • Sato, M.1
  • 4
    • 0033277753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methamphetamine and the expanding complications of amphetamines
    • Albertson, T.E., Derlet, R.W., and Van Hoozen, B.E. Methamphetamine and the expanding complications of amphetamines. West. J. Med. 170, 214-219 (1999).
    • (1999) West. J. Med. , vol.170 , pp. 214-219
    • Albertson, T.E.1    Derlet, R.W.2    Van Hoozen, B.E.3
  • 5
    • 0034097138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-phencyclidine monoclonal antibodies provide long-term reductions in brain phencyclidine concentrations during chronic phencyclidine administration in rats
    • The results in this article demonstrate the ability of a very high affinity antibody reduce brain drug concentrations for at least 27 days in rats
    • Proksch, J.W., Gentry, W.B., and Owens, S.M. Anti-phencyclidine monoclonal antibodies provide long-term reductions in brain phencyclidine concentrations during chronic phencyclidine administration in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292, 831-837 (2000). The results in this article demonstrate the ability of a very high affinity antibody reduce brain drug concentrations for at least 27 days in rats.
    • (2000) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.292 , pp. 831-837
    • Proksch, J.W.1    Gentry, W.B.2    Owens, S.M.3
  • 6
    • 0033957739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nicotine conjugate vaccine reduces nicotine distribution to brain and attenuates its behavioral and cardiovascular effects in rats
    • Pentel, P.R., Malin, D.H. , Ennifar, S. et al. A nicotine conjugate vaccine reduces nicotine distribution to brain and attenuates its behavioral and cardiovascular effects in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 65, 191-198 (2000).
    • (2000) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.65 , pp. 191-198
    • Pentel, P.R.1    Malin, D.H.2    Ennifar, S.3
  • 7
    • 0030736870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of cocaine addiction
    • Fox, B.S. Development of a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend. 48, 153-158 (1997).
    • (1997) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.48 , pp. 153-158
    • Fox, B.S.1
  • 8
    • 26444588706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal IgG affinity and treatment time alters antagonism of (+)-methamphetamine effects in rats
    • Byrnes-Blake, K.A., Laurenzana, E.M., Landes, R.D., Gentry, W.B., and Owens, S.M. Monoclonal IgG affinity and treatment time alters antagonism of (+)-methamphetamine effects in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 521, 86-94 (2005).
    • (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.521 , pp. 86-94
    • Byrnes-Blake, K.A.1    Laurenzana, E.M.2    Landes, R.D.3    Gentry, W.B.4    Owens, S.M.5
  • 9
    • 27144432842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineered antibody fragments and the rise of single domains
    • An excellent review of the many antibody fragment forms that have been engineered and the relative advantages of each one
    • Holliger, P. and Hudson, P.J. Engineered antibody fragments and the rise of single domains. Nat. Biotech. 23, 1126-1136 (2005). An excellent review of the many antibody fragment forms that have been engineered and the relative advantages of each one.
    • (2005) Nat. Biotech. , vol.23 , pp. 1126-1136
    • Holliger, P.1    Hudson, P.J.2
  • 10
    • 0016338395 scopus 로고
    • Changes in heroin self-administration by a rhesus monkey after morphine immunisation
    • This is a seminal article in the field of active immunization, showing that immunization with a drug-like hapten can alter a primate's response to an addictive drug
    • Bonese, K.F., Wainer, B.H., Fitch, F.W., Rothberg, R.M., and Schuster, C.R.. Changes in heroin self-administration by a rhesus monkey after morphine immunisation. Nature 252, 708-710 (1974). This is a seminal article in the field of active immunization, showing that immunization with a drug-like hapten can alter a primate's response to an addictive drug.
    • (1974) Nature , vol.252 , pp. 708-710
    • Bonese, K.F.1    Wainer, B.H.2    Fitch, F.W.3    Rothberg, R.M.4    Schuster, C.R.5
  • 12
    • 0033186759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered disposition of repeated nicotine doses in rats immunized against nicotine
    • Keyler, D.E., Hieda, Y., St. Peter, J., and Pentel, P.R. Altered disposition of repeated nicotine doses in rats immunized against nicotine. Nicotine Tob. Re.s 1, 241-249 (1999).
    • (1999) Nicotine Tob. Re.s , vol.1 , pp. 241-249
    • Keyler, D.E.1    Hieda, Y.2    St. Peter, J.3    Pentel, P.R.4
  • 14
    • 0033859862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination against nicotine during continued nicotine administration in rats: Immunogenicity of the vaccine and effects on nicotine distribution to brain
    • Hieda, Y., Keyler, D.E., Ennifar, S., Fattom, A., and Pentel, P.R. Vaccination against nicotine during continued nicotine administration in rats: Immunogenicity of the vaccine and effects on nicotine distribution to brain. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 22, 809-819 (2000).
    • (2000) Int. J. Immunopharmacol. , vol.22 , pp. 809-819
    • Hieda, Y.1    Keyler, D.E.2    Ennifar, S.3    Fattom, A.4    Pentel, P.R.5
  • 15
    • 0036315770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active immunization against nicotine suppresses nicotine-induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens shell
    • de Villiers, S.H., Lindblom, N., Kalayanov, G., Gordon, S., Malmerfelt, A., Johansson, A.M., and Svensson, T.H. Active immunization against nicotine suppresses nicotine-induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. Respiration 69, 247-253 (2002).
    • (2002) Respiration , vol.69 , pp. 247-253
    • De Villiers, S.H.1    Lindblom, N.2    Kalayanov, G.3    Gordon, S.4    Malmerfelt, A.5    Johansson, A.M.6    Svensson, T.H.7
  • 16
    • 0036311908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active immunization against nicotine prevents reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats
    • Lindblom, N., de Villiers, S.H., Kalayanov, G., Gordon, S., Johansson, A.M., and Svensson, T.H. Active immunization against nicotine prevents reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. Respiration 69, 254-260 (2002).
    • (2002) Respiration , vol.69 , pp. 254-260
    • Lindblom, N.1    De Villiers, S.H.2    Kalayanov, G.3    Gordon, S.4    Johansson, A.M.5    Svensson, T.H.6
  • 17
    • 16044371587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a therapeutic cocaine vaccine in rodent models
    • Fox, B.S., Kantak, K.M., Edwards, M.A. et al. Efficacy of a therapeutic cocaine vaccine in rodent models. Nat. Med. 2, 1129-1132 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 1129-1132
    • Fox, B.S.1    Kantak, K.M.2    Edwards, M.A.3
  • 18
  • 21
    • 0035114819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of anti-(+)methamphetamine antibodies is not impeded by (+)methamphetamine administration during active immunization of rats
    • This article reports that concurrent use of methamphetamine does not reduce the immune response to an anti-METH vaccine. This is an important finding, since many addicts seeking treatment will likely continue to use drug at some level while waiting for anti-drug antibody titers to develop in their bodies
    • Byrnes-Blake, K.A., Carroll, F.I., Abraham, P., and Owens, S.M. Generation of anti-(+)methamphetamine antibodies is not impeded by (+)methamphetamine administration during active immunization of rats. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1, 329-338 (2001). This article reports that concurrent use of methamphetamine does not reduce the immune response to an anti-METH vaccine. This is an important finding, since many addicts seeking treatment will likely continue to use drug at some level while waiting for anti-drug antibody titers to develop in their bodies.
    • (2001) Int. Immunopharmacol. , vol.1 , pp. 329-338
    • Byrnes-Blake, K.A.1    Carroll, F.I.2    Abraham, P.3    Owens, S.M.4
  • 22
    • 25444484939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapy for the treatment of drug abuse
    • Kosten, T. and Owens, S.M. Immunotherapy for the treatment of drug abuse. Pharmacol. Ther. 108, 76-85 (2005).
    • (2005) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.108 , pp. 76-85
    • Kosten, T.1    Owens, S.M.2
  • 23
    • 67650449269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of active and passive human vaccines to treat methamphetamine addiction
    • Apr 20; 5(4). [Epub ahead of print]
    • Gentry, W.B., Ruedi-Bettschen, D., and Owens, S.M. Development of active and passive human vaccines to treat methamphetamine addiction. Hum. Vaccin. Apr 20; 5(4). [Epub ahead of print] (2009).
    • (2009) Hum. Vaccin.
    • Gentry, W.B.1    Ruedi-Bettschen, D.2    Owens, S.M.3
  • 24
    • 36549064581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: Results of a phase I and a randomized phase II study
    • Cornuz, J., Klingler, K., Mueller, P., Jungi, F., and Cerny, T. A therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: Results of a phase I and a randomized phase II study. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 1008 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.23 , pp. 1008
    • Cornuz, J.1    Klingler, K.2    Mueller, P.3    Jungi, F.4    Cerny, T.5
  • 28
    • 67349098393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune responses to methamphetamine by active immunization with peptide-based, molecular adjuvant-containing vaccines
    • Duryee, M.J., Bevins, R.A., Reichel, C.M., Murray, J.E., Dong, Y., Thiele, G.M., and Sanderson, S.D. Immune responses to methamphetamine by active immunization with peptide-based, molecular adjuvant-containing vaccines. Vaccine 27, 2981-2988 (2009).
    • (2009) Vaccine , vol.27 , pp. 2981-2988
    • Duryee, M.J.1    Bevins, R.A.2    Reichel, C.M.3    Murray, J.E.4    Dong, Y.5    Thiele, G.M.6    Sanderson, S.D.7
  • 29
    • 0035046646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of response-selective agonists of human C5a anaphylatoxin: Conformational, biological, and therapeutic considerations
    • Taylor, S.M., Sherman, S.A., Kirnarsky, L., and Sanderson, S.D. Development of response-selective agonists of human C5a anaphylatoxin: Conformational, biological, and therapeutic considerations. Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 675-684 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Med. Chem. , vol.8 , pp. 675-684
    • Taylor, S.M.1    Sherman, S.A.2    Kirnarsky, L.3    Sanderson, S.D.4
  • 30
    • 33646352962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent antibody therapeutics by design
    • An excellent review in the area of translational immunology. The author presents a thorough discussion of antibody characteristics that are important to consider when developing antibodies as therapeutics
    • Carter, P.J. Potent antibody therapeutics by design. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 343-357 (2006). An excellent review in the area of translational immunology. The author presents a thorough discussion of antibody characteristics that are important to consider when developing antibodies as therapeutics.
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 343-357
    • Carter, P.J.1
  • 31
    • 0142212156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibody to significantly alter (+)-methamphetamine and (+)-amphetamine disposition in rats
    • Laurenzana, E.M., Byrnes-Blake, K.A., Milesi-Halle, A., Gentry, W.B., Williams, D.K., and Owens, S.M. Use of anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibody to significantly alter (+)-methamphetamine and (+)-amphetamine disposition in rats. Drug Metab. Dispos. 31, 1320-1326 (2003).
    • (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.31 , pp. 1320-1326
    • Laurenzana, E.M.1    Byrnes-Blake, K.A.2    Milesi-Halle, A.3    Gentry, W.B.4    Williams, D.K.5    Owens, S.M.6
  • 32
    • 33646097912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficiency of an anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibody in the protection against cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of (+)-methamphetamine in rats
    • Gentry, W.B., Laurenzana, E.M., Williams, D.K., West, J.R., Berg, R.J., Terlea, T., and Owens, S.M. Safety and efficiency of an anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibody in the protection against cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of (+)-methamphetamine in rats. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6, 968-977 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. Immunopharmacol. , vol.6 , pp. 968-977
    • Gentry, W.B.1    Laurenzana, E.M.2    Williams, D.K.3    West, J.R.4    Berg, R.J.5    Terlea, T.6    Owens, S.M.7
  • 34
    • 2442661486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of murine-derived anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies on (+)-methamphetamine self-administration in the rat
    • McMillan, D.E., Hardwick, W.C., Li, M., Gunnell, M.G., Carroll, F.I., Abraham, P., and Owens, S.M. Effects of murine-derived anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies on (+)-methamphetamine self-administration in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 309, 1248-1255 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.309 , pp. 1248-1255
    • McMillan, D.E.1    Hardwick, W.C.2    Li, M.3    Gunnell, M.G.4    Carroll, F.I.5    Abraham, P.6    Owens, S.M.7
  • 35
    • 8644234910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Lobo, E.D., Hansen, R.J., and Balthasar, J.P. Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J. Pharm. Sci. 93, 2645-2668 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 2645-2668
    • Lobo, E.D.1    Hansen, R.J.2    Balthasar, J.P.3
  • 36
    • 3843133934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical pharmacology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
    • Roskos, L.K., Davis, C.G., and Schwab, G.M. The clinical pharmacology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Drug Dev. Res. 61, 108-120 (2004).
    • (2004) Drug Dev. Res. , vol.61 , pp. 108-120
    • Roskos, L.K.1    Davis, C.G.2    Schwab, G.M.3
  • 37
    • 0036201914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcytosis and catabolism of antibody
    • This review article summarizes the role of the FcRn receptor and its effect on antibody pharmacokinetics. Importantly, it also addresses the transfer of IgG across the plecental barrier during pregnancy, important to consider when developing antibodies that could protect the fetus from the effects of drug abuse
    • Ghetie, V. and Ward, E.S. Transcytosis and catabolism of antibody. Immunol. Re.s 25, 97-113 (2002). This review article summarizes the role of the FcRn receptor and its effect on antibody pharmacokinetics. Importantly, it also addresses the transfer of IgG across the plecental barrier during pregnancy, important to consider when developing antibodies that could protect the fetus from the effects of drug abuse.
    • (2002) Immunol. Re.s , vol.25 , pp. 97-113
    • Ghetie, V.1    Ward, E.S.2
  • 38
    • 0000429944 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies
    • B. Ferraiolo, M. Mohler, and C. Gloff, eds. Plenum Press, New York
    • Trang, J. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies. In, Protein Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism. B. Ferraiolo, M. Mohler, and C. Gloff, eds. Plenum Press, New York. 223-270 (1992).
    • (1992) Protein Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism , pp. 223-270
    • Trang, J.1
  • 39
    • 0034671309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically engineered tetravalent single-chain Fv of the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49: Improved biodistribution and potential for therapeutic application
    • Goel, A., Colcher, D., Baranowska-Kortylewicz, J., Augustine, S., Booth, B.J., Pavlinkova, G., and Batra, S.K. Genetically engineered tetravalent single-chain Fv of the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49: Improved biodistribution and potential for therapeutic application. Cancer Res. 60, 6964-6971 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 6964-6971
    • Goel, A.1    Colcher, D.2    Baranowska-Kortylewicz, J.3    Augustine, S.4    Booth, B.J.5    Pavlinkova, G.6    Batra, S.K.7
  • 40
    • 41149121164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and preclinical testing of a high-affinity singlechain antibody against (+)-methamphetamine
    • Peterson, E.C., Laurenzana, E.M., Atchley, W.T., Hendrickson, H.P., and Owens, S.M. Development and preclinical testing of a high-affinity singlechain antibody against (+)-methamphetamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325, 124-133 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.325 , pp. 124-133
    • Peterson, E.C.1    Laurenzana, E.M.2    Atchley, W.T.3    Hendrickson, H.P.4    Owens, S.M.5
  • 41
    • 0030030677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of recombinant drug-specific single chain antibody Fv fragment on [3H]-desipramine distribution in rats
    • The authors in this article present early research on using antibody fragments to treat drug overdose and the ability of scFvs to alter drug disposition
    • Shelver, W.L., Keyler, D.E., Lin, G., Murtaugh, M.P., Flickinger, M.C., Ross, C.A., and Pentel, P.R. Effects of recombinant drug-specific single chain antibody Fv fragment on [3H]-desipramine distribution in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 51, 531-537 (1996). The authors in this article present early research on using antibody fragments to treat drug overdose and the ability of scFvs to alter drug disposition.
    • (1996) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.51 , pp. 531-537
    • Shelver, W.L.1    Keyler, D.E.2    Lin, G.3    Murtaugh, M.P.4    Flickinger, M.C.5    Ross, C.A.6    Pentel, P.R.7
  • 42
    • 0345504113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged circulating lives of single-chain Fv proteins conjugated with polyethylene glycol: A comparison of conjugation chemistries and compounds
    • 1999
    • Lee, L.S., Conover, C., Shi, C., Whitlow, M., and Filpula, D. 1999. Prolonged circulating lives of single-chain Fv proteins conjugated with polyethylene glycol: A comparison of conjugation chemistries and compounds. Bioconjug. Chem. 10, 973-981 (1999).
    • (1999) Bioconjug. Chem. , vol.10 , pp. 973-981
    • Lee, L.S.1    Conover, C.2    Shi, C.3    Whitlow, M.4    Filpula, D.5
  • 43
    • 0037235949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineered antibodies
    • C
    • Hudson, P.J. and C. Souriau, C. Engineered antibodies. Nat. Med. 9, 129-134 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 129-134
    • Hudson, P.J.1    Souriau, C.2
  • 44
    • 0033833117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ScFv multimers of the anti-neuraminidase antibody NC10: Shortening of the linker in single-chain Fv fragment assembled in V(L) to V(H) orientation drives the formation of dimers, trimers, tetramers and higher molecular mass multimers
    • Dolezal, O., Pearce, L.A. Lawrence, L.J., McCoy, A.J., Hudson, P.J., and Kortt, A.A. ScFv multimers of the anti-neuraminidase antibody NC10: Shortening of the linker in single-chain Fv fragment assembled in V(L) to V(H) orientation drives the formation of dimers, trimers, tetramers and higher molecular mass multimers. Protein Eng. 13, 565-574 (2000).
    • (2000) Protein Eng. , vol.13 , pp. 565-574
    • Dolezal, O.1    Pearce, L.A.2    Lawrence, L.J.3    McCoy, A.J.4    Hudson, P.J.5    Kortt, A.A.6
  • 45
    • 1642414039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendrimers in drug research
    • Boas, U. and Heegaard, P.M. Dendrimers in drug research. Chem. Soc. Rev. 33, 43-63 (2004).
    • (2004) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.33 , pp. 43-63
    • Boas, U.1    Heegaard, P.M.2
  • 46
    • 20444445144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle targeting of anticancer drug improves therapeutic response in animal model of human epithelial cancer
    • The results of this article demonstrate that dendrimers can be used as carriers of many functional chemicals simultaneously, thereby creating a single molecule that has increased efficacy over the individual components
    • Kukowska-Latallo, J.F., Candido, K.A., Cao, Z., Nigavekar, S.S., Majoros, I.J., Thomas, T.P., Balogh, L.P., Khan, M.K., and Baker, J.R., Jr. Nanoparticle targeting of anticancer drug improves therapeutic response in animal model of human epithelial cancer. Cancer Res. 65, 5317-5324 (2005). The results of this article demonstrate that dendrimers can be used as carriers of many functional chemicals simultaneously, thereby creating a single molecule that has increased efficacy over the individual components.
    • (2005) Cancer Res. , vol.65 , pp. 5317-5324
    • Kukowska-Latallo, J.F.1    Candido, K.A.2    Cao, Z.3    Nigavekar, S.S.4    Majoros, I.J.5    Thomas, T.P.6    Balogh, L.P.7    Khan, M.K.8    Baker Jr., J.R.9
  • 47
    • 33744947552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody form and function: Manufacturing the right antibodies for treating drug abuse
    • Peterson, E., S. M. Owens, and R. L. Henry. Monoclonal antibody form and function: Manufacturing the right antibodies for treating drug abuse. AAPS J. 8, E383-E390 (2006).
    • (2006) AAPS J. , vol.8
    • Peterson, E.1    Owens, S.M.2    Henry, R.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.