Cardiac health in women with metabolic syndrome: Clinical aspects and pathophysiology

Obesity

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1114-1123

  Ren, Jun ^a   Kelley, Robert O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTOKINE; LIPID; SEX HORMONE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART DISEASE; HEART MUSCLE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADIPOKINES; BLOOD GLUCOSE; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; HEART DISEASES; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MYOCARDIUM; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 67650445630     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.8     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Sullivan PW, Ghushchyan V, Wyatt HR, Wu EQ, Hill JO. Impact of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters on health-related quality of life in the U.S. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007;15:511-521.
2. Cannon CP. Cardiovascular disease and modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors. Clin Cornerstone 2007;8:11-28.
3. Licata G, Argano C, Di Chiara T, Parrinello G, Scaglione R. Obesity: a main factor of metabolic syndrome? Panminerva Med 2006;48:77-85.
4. Fein FS, Sonnenblick EH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994;8:65-73.
5. Ren J, Ceylan-lsik AF Diabetic cardiomyopathy: do women differ from men? Endocrine 2004;25:73-83.
6. Ren J, Davidoff AJ. Diabetes rapidly induces contractile dysfunctions in isolated ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 1997;272(1 Pt 2): H148-H158.
7. Norby FL, Wold LE, Duan J, Hintz KK, Ren J. IGF-I attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002;283:E658-E666.
8. Norby FL, Aberle NS, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Ren J. Transgenic overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I prevents streptozotocin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and p-adrenergic response in ventricular myocytes. J Endocrinol 2004;180:175-182.
9. Ren J, Bode AM. Altered cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes from spontaneously diabetic BB rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;279: H238-H244.
10. Wold LE, Ceylan-lsik AF, Ren J. Oxidative stress and stress signaling: menace of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005;26:908-917.
11. Sowers JR, Bakris GL, Black HR, Giles TD. The cardiometabolic syndrome and calcium channel blocker combination drugs. J Cardiometab Syndr 2007;2:207-212.
12. Jay MA, Ren J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007;3:33-39.
13. Lastra-Gonzalez G, Manrique CM, Govindarajan G, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Insights into the emerging cardiometabolic prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6:2209-2221.
14. Paudel B. Metabolic syndrome: are we at risk? Nepal Med Coll J 2007;9:204-211.
15. Li S, Culver B, Ren J. Benefit and risk of exercise on myocardial function in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2003;48:127-132.
16. Chichlowska KL, Rose KM, ez-Roux AV et al. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status characteristics and prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Psychosom Med 2008;70:986-992.
17. Nilsson G, Hedberg P, Jonason T et al. Waist circumference alone predicts insulin resistance as good as the metabolic syndrome in elderly women. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:520-526.
18. Goldie MR Diabetes in women. Int J Dent Hyg 2005:3:45-47.
19. Khoo CL, Perera M. Diabetes and the menopause. J Br Menopause Soc 2005;11: 6-11.
20. Betancourt-Albrecht M, Cunningham GR. Hypogonadism and diabetes. Int J Impot Res 2003;15(Suppl 4):S14-S20.
21. Tschope C, Schultheiss HP. [Diabetic cardiopathy: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy]. Internist (Berl) 2003;44:806-808.
22. Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Obesity, diabetes, and risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2002;11: 119-123,125.
23. Martins D, Tareen N, Ogedegbe G, Pan D, Norris K. The relative risk of cardiovascular death among racial and ethnic minorities with metabolic syndrome: data from the NHANES-II mortality follow-up. J Natl Med Assoc 2008;100:565-571.
24. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004;109:672-693.
25. Ceylan-lsik AF, Ren J. Gender difference in cardiac excitation- contraction coupling: role of estrogen. Cardiology 2005;1:1-7.
26. Collins P, Stevenson JC, Mosca L. Spotlight on gender. Cardiovasc Res 2002;53:535-537.
27. Mercuro G, Zoncu S, Dragoni F Gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors. Ital Heart J 2003;4:363-366.
28. Skafar DF, Xu R, Morales J, Ram J, Sowers JR. Clinical review 91: female sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3913-3918.
29. King KB, Mosca L. Prevention of heart disease in women: recommendations for management of risk factors. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2000;15:36-42.
30. Mosca L, Ferris A, Fabunmi R, Robertson RM. Tracking women's awareness of heart disease: an American Heart Association national study. Circulation 2004;109:573-579.
31. Regitz-Zagrosek V Lehmkuhl E, Mahmoodzadeh S. Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Gend Med 2007;4(Suppl B):S162-S177.
32. Kordella T. The heart of a woman. Diabetes Forecast 2005;58:42-47.
33. Uhl K, Parekh A, Kweder S. Females in clinical studies: where are we going? Clin Pharmacol Th er 2007;81:600-602.
34. Verdonk P, Benschop YW, de Haes HC, Lagro-Janssen TL. From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2008;e-pub ahead of print 15 February 2008.
35. Warnes CA. Sex differences in congenital heart disease: should a woman be more like a man? Circulation 2008;118:3-5.
36. Brown RA, Anthony MJ, Petrovski P, Ren J. The influence of gender, diabetes, and acetaldehyde on the intrinsic contractile properties of isolated rat myocardium. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2001;1:35-42.
37. Brown RA, Walsh MF, Ren J. Influence of gender and diabetes on vascular and myocardial contractile function. Endocr Res 2001;27:399-408.
38. Capasso JM, Remily RM, Smith RH, Sonnenblick EH. Sex differences in myocardial contractility in the rat. Basic Res Cardiol 1983;78:156-171.
39. Sowers JR. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:617-621.
40. Hayward CS, Kalnins WV, Kelly RR Gender-related differences in left ventricular chamber function. Cardiovasc Res 2001;49: 340-350.
41. Chung AK, Das SR, Leonard D et al. Women have higher left ventricular ejection fractions than men independent of differences in left ventricular volume: the Dallas Heart Study. Circulation 2006;113:1597-1604.
42. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Brokat S, Tschope C. Role of gender in heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2007;49:241-251.
43. Ceylan-lsik AF, LaCour KH, Ren J. Gender disparity of streptozotocin-induced intrinsic contractile dysfunction in murine ventricular myocytes: role of chronic activation of Akt. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006;33:102-108.
44. Ceylan-lsik AF, LaCour KH, Ren J. Sex difference in cardiomyocyte function in normal and metallothionein transgenic mice: the effect of diabetes mellitus. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:1638-1646.
45. Zhang X, Ye G, Duan J, Chen AF, Ren J. Influence of gender on intrinsic contractile properties of isolated ventricular myocytes from calmodulin-induced diabetic transgenic mice. Endocr Res 2003;29:227-236.
46. Strohmer B, Schernthaner C, Iglseder B, Paulweber B, Pichler M. Gender-specific effect of metabolic syndrome on rate adjusted QT interval in middle-aged participants of an atherosclerosis prevention program. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007;119:544-552.
47. Duan J, Esberg LB, Dai S et al. Comparison of cardiac contractile and intracellular Ca2+ response between estrogen and phytoestrogen a-zearalanol in ventricular myocytes. Endocrine 2004;24:33-38.
48. Golden KL, Marsh JD, Jiang Y, Moulden J. Acute actions of testosterone on contractile function of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:479-483.
49. Ren J, Hintz KK, Roughead ZK et al. Impact of estrogen replacement on ventricular myocyte contractile function and protein kinase B/Akt activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003;284:H1800-H1807.
50. Lip GY, Blann AD, Jones AF, Beevers DG. Effects of hormone-replacement therapy on hemostatic factors, lipid factors, and endothelial function in women undergoing surgical menopause: implications for prevention of atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 1997;134:764-771.
51. Subbiah MT Estrogen replacement therapy and cardioprotection: mechanisms and controversies. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002;35:271-276.
52. Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Gender-based differences in mechanisms of protection in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2007;75:478-486.
53. Mosca L, Collins P, Herrington DM et al. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2001;104: 499-503.
54. Simon JA, Hsia J, Cauley JA et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: The Heart and Estrogen-progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Circulation 2001;103:638-642.
55. Barrett-Connor E, Grady D, Stefanick ML. The rise and fall of menopausal hormone therapy. Annu Rev Public Health 2005;26:115-140.
56. Gambrell RD Jr. The women's health initiative reports in perspective: facts or fallacies? Climacteric 2004;7:225-228.
57. Huang TT, Shimel A, Lee RE, Delancey W, Strother ML. Metabolic risks among college students: prevalence and gender differences. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2007;5:365-372.
58. Christoffersen BO, Grand N, Golozoubova V, Svendsen O, Raun K. Gender-associated differences in metabolic syndrome-related parameters in Gottingen minipigs. Comp Med 2007;57:493-504.
59. Abdelmoneim I, Al Homrany MA. Health education in the management of diabetes at the primary health care level: is there a gender difference? East Mediterr Health J 2002;8:18-23.
60. Onat A, Hergenc G, Keles I et al. Sex difference in development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease on the way from obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2005;54:800-808.
61. Dervaux N, Wubuli M, Megnien JL, Chironi G, Simon A. Comparative associations of adiposity measures with cardiometabolic risk burden in asymptomatic subjects. Atherosclerosis 2008;201:413-417.
62. Hamdy O, Porramatikul S, Al-Ozairi E. Metabolic obesity: the paradox between visceral and subcutaneous fat. Curr Diabetes Rev 2006;2:367-373.
63. Louet JF, LeMay C, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Antidiabetic actions of estrogen: insight from human and genetic mouse models. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004;6:180-185.
64. Schwanke ML, Dutta K, Podolin DA, Davidoff AJ. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction in insulin-resistant rats: a female advantage. Diabetologia 2006;49:1097-1105.
65. Lane PH. Diabetic kidney disease: impact of puberty. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002;283: F589-F600.
66. Ramasamy R, Oates PJ, Schaefer S. Aldose reductase inhibition protects diabetic and nondiabetic rat hearts from ischemic injury. Diabetes 1997;46:292-300.
67. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001;414:813-820.
68. Villablanca AC, Lewis KA, Rutledge JC. Time-and dose-dependent differential upregulation of three genes by 17 β-estradiol in endothelial cells. J Appl Physiol 2002;92:1064-1073.
69. Williamson JR, Rowold E, Chang K et al. Sex steroid dependency of diabetes-induced changes in polyol metabolism, vascular permeability, and collagen cross-linking. Diabetes 1986;35:20-27.
70. Chandra D, Jackson EB, Ramana KV et al. Nitric oxide prevents aldose reductase activation and sorbitol accumulation during diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:3095-3101.
71. Mittendorfer B. Sexual dimorphism in human lipid metabolism. J Nutr 2005;135:681-686.
72. Borissova AM, Tan kova T, Ki ri lov G, Koev D. Gender-dependent effect of ageing on peripheral insulin action. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59:422-426.
73. Ordovas JM. Gender, a significant factor in the cross talk between genes, environment, and health. Gend Med 2007;4(Suppl B): S111-S122.
74. Smith IJ, Huffman KM, Durheim MT, Duscha BD, Kraus WE. Gender-specific alterations in mRNA level of key lipid metabolism enzymes in skeletal muscle of overweight and obese subjects following endurance exercise. Physiol Genomics 2008; e-pub ahead of print 25 November 2008.
75. Ito A, Egashira K, Narishige T, Muramatsu K, Takeshita A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity is involved in the mechanism of increased endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circ J 2002;66:811-815.
76. Burdon KR Langefeld CD, Wagenknecht LE et al. Association analysis of genes in the renin-angiotensin system with subclinical cardiovascular disease in families with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Diabetes Heart Study. Diabet Med 2006;23:228-234.
77. Yabuki A, Tahara T, Taniguchi K, Matsumoto M, Suzuki S. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetic OLETF rats. Exp Anim 2006; 55:17-25.
78. Muscogiuri G, Chavez AO, Gastaldelli A et al. The crosstalk between insulin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling systems and its effect on glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2008;6:301-312.
79. Kajstura J, Bolli R, Sonnenblick EH, Anversa P, Leri A. Cause of death: suicide. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006;40:425-437.
80. Norby FL, Aberle NS, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Ren J. Transgenic overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I prevents streptozotocin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and p-adrenergic response in ventricular myocytes. J Endocrinol 2004;180:175-182.
81. Kajstura J, Fiordaliso F, Andreoli AM et al. IGF-1 overexpression inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and angiotensin ll-mediated oxidative stress. Diabetes 2001;50:1414-1424.
82. Shimoni Y. Inhibition of the formation or action of angiotensin II reverses attenuated K+ currents in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Physiol 2001;537(Pt 1):83-92.
83. Shimoni Y, Liu XF Sex differences in the modulation of K+ currents in diabetic rat cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2003;550(Pt 2): 401-412.
84. Zhong J, Yan Z, Liu D et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene A/G polymorphism and elevated blood pressure in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 2006;147:91-95.
85. Weiner CP, Lizasoain I, Baylis SA et al. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:5212-5216.
86. Hall WL, Vafeiadou K, Hallund J et al. Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women: interactions with genotype and equol production. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83: 592-600.
87. Balci H, Altunyurt S, Acar B et al. Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2005;50:289-293.
88. Latronico MV, Costinean S, Lavitrano ML, Peschle C, Condorelli G. Regulation of cell size and contractile function by AKT in cardiomyocytes. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004;1015: 250-260.
89. Camper-Kirby D, Welch S, Walker A et al. Myocardial Akt activation and gender: increased nuclear activity in females versus males. Circ Res 2001;88:1020-1027.
90. O'Neill BT, Abel ED. Akt1 in the cardiovascular system: friend or foe? J Clin Invest 2005;115:2059-2064.
91. Matsui T, Nagoshi T, Hong EG et al. The effects of chronic Akt activation on glucose uptake in the heart. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;290:E789-E797.
92. Tian R. Another role for the celebrity: Akt and insulin resistance. Circ Res 2005;96:139-140.
93. Esberg LB, Zhang X, Scott Gl, Culver B, Ren J. Impact of gender on basal and insulin-like growth factor l-regulated nitric oxide synthase activity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004;138:141-146.
94. Iwakura A, Shastry S, Luedemann C et al. Estradiol enhances recovery after myocardial infarction by augmenting incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells into sites of ischemia-induced neovascularization via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Circulation 2006;113:1605-1614.
95. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Lehmkuhl E, Weickert MO. Gender differences in the metabolic syndrome and their role for cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2006;95:136-147.
96. Lobo RA. Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 2008;60:10-18.
97. Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Haring HU. Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver. Endocr Rev 2008;29:939-960.
98. Di Carlo C, Tommaselli GA, Nappi C. Effects of sex steroid hormones and menopause on serum leptin concentrations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002;16:479-491.
99. Ren J. Leptin and hyperleptinemia - from friend to foe for cardiovascular function. J Endocrinol 2004;181:1-10.
100. Karmazyn M, Purdham DM, Rajapurohitam V, Zeidan A. Signaling mechanisms underlying the metabolic and other effects of adipokines on the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2008; e-pub ahead of print 12 May 2008.
101. Swarbrick MM, Havel PJ. Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008;6: 87-102.
102. Do D, Alvarez J, Chiquette E, Chilton R. The good fat hormone: adiponectin and cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2006;8:94-99.
103. Kim JY, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hepatic insulin sensitizer regulation during development. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2004;1(Suppl 3):428-431.
104. Milewicz A, Zatonska K, Demissie M et al. Serum adiponectin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in climacteric women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:68-73.
105. Dong F, Ren J. Adiponectin improves cardiomyocyte contractile function in db/db diabetic obese mice. Obesity (Silver Spring), in press.
106. Tao L, Gao E, Jiao X et al. Adiponectin cardioprotection after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion involves the reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress. Circulation 2007;115: 1408-1416.
107. Holvoet P. Relations between metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2008;70: 193-219.
108. Candore G, Balistreri CR, Listi F et al. Immunogenetics, gender, and longevity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1089:516-537.
109. Stice JR Knowlton AA. Estrogen, NFkappaB, and the heat shock response. Mol Med 2008;14:517-527.
110. Norata GD, Ongari M, Garlaschelli Ket al. Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;156:279-284.
111. Qasim AN, Metkus TS, Tadesse M et al. Resistin gene variation is associated with systemic inflammation but not plasma adipokine levels, metabolic syndrome or coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic Caucasians. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; e-pub ahead of print 15 August 2008.
112. Osawa H, Ochi M, Tabara Y et al. Serum resistin is positively correlated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome factors in type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;69:74-80.
113. Hong SC, Yoo SW, Cho GJ et al. Correlation between estrogens and serum adipocytokines in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007;14:835-840.
114. Schonberg MA, Davis RB, Wee CC. After the Women's Health Initiative: decision making and trust of women taking hormone therapy. Womens Health Issues 2005;15: 187-195.
115. Prentice RL, Langer R, Stefanick ML et al. Combined postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: toward resolving the discrepancy between observational studies and the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162: 404-414.
116. Rossi R, Origliani G, Modena MG. Transdermal 17-β-estradiol and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy, nonobese postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 2004;27:645-649.
117. Thompson J, Khalil RA. Gender differences in the regulation of vascular tone. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2003;30:1-15.