Sizing up the nucleus: Nuclear shape, size and nuclear-envelope assembly

Journal of Cell Science

Volumn 122, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 1477-1486

  Webster, Micah ^a   Wikin, Keren L ^a   Cohen Fix, Orna ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

ER membrane; ER sheets; ER tubules; Lamina; Lipin; Nuclear envelope assembly; Nuclear pore complex; Reticulons

Indexed keywords

CELL PROTEIN; DNA;

CELL CYCLE; CELL FUNCTION; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL NUCLEUS MEMBRANE; CELL ORGANELLE; CELL SHAPE; CELL SIZE; CELL STRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME; CYTOLOGY; DNA CONTENT; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; METAZOON; MITOSIS; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGERIA; ANIMAL; NUCLEAR PORE; NUCLEAR SHAPE; NUCLEAR SIZE; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

METAZOA;

ANIMALS; CELL NUCLEUS SHAPE; CELL NUCLEUS SIZE; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; HUMANS; MITOSIS; NUCLEAR ENVELOPE; NUCLEAR PORE;

EID: 67649947773     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.037333     Document Type: Note

References (113)

1. Akhtar, A. and Gasser, S. M. (2007). The nuclear envelope and transcriptional control. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8, 507-517.
2. Altman, P. L. and Katz, D. D. (1976). Cell Biology. Bethesda, MD: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
3. Anderson, D. J. and Hetzer, M. W. (2007). Nuclear envelope formation by chromatin-mediated reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 1160-1166.
4. Anderson, D. J. and Hetzer, M. W. (2008). Reshaping of the endoplasmic reticulum limits the rate for nuclear envelope formation. J. Cell Biol. 182, 911-924.
5. Antonin, W., Franz, C., Haselmann, U., Antony, C. and Mattaj, I. W. (2005). The integral membrane nucleoporin pom121 functionally links nuclear pore complex assembly and nuclear envelope formation. Mol. Cell 17, 83-92.
6. Antonin, W., Ellenberg, J. and Dultz, E. (2008). Nuclear pore complex assembly through the cell cycle: regulation and membrane organization. FEBS Lett. 582, 2004-2016.
7. Audhya, A., Desai, A. and Oegema, K. (2007). A role for Rab5 in structuring the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Biol. 178, 43-56.
8. Bodoor, K., Shaikh, S., Salina, D., Raharjo, W. H., Bastos, R., Lohka, M. and Burke, B. (1999). Sequential recruitment of NPC proteins to the nuclear periphery at the end of mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 112, 2253-2264.
9. Brandt, A., Papagiannouli, F., Wagner, N., Wilsch-Brauninger, M., Braun, M., Furlong, E. E., Loserth, S., Wenzl, C., Pilot, F., Vogt, N. et al. (2006). Developmental control of nuclear size and shape by Kugelkern and Kurzkern. Curr. Biol. 16, 543-552.
10. Brandt, A., Krohne, G. and Grosshans, J. (2008). The farnesylated nuclear proteins KUGELKERN and LAMIN B promote aging-like phenotypes in Drosophila flies. Aging Cell 7, 541-551.
11. Campbell, J. L., Lorenz, A., Witkin, K. L., Hays, T., Loidl, J. and Cohen-Fix, O. (2006). Yeast nuclear envelope subdomains with distinct abilities to resist membrane expansion. Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 1768-1778.
12. Capell, B. C. and Collins, F. S. (2006). Human laminopathies: nuclei gone genetically awry. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 940-952.
13. Capell, B. C., Erdos, M. R., Madigan, J. P., Fiordalisi, J. J., Varga, R., Conneely, K. N., Gordon, L. B., Der, C. J., Cox, A. D. and Collins, F. S. (2005). Inhibiting farnesylation of progerin prevents the characteristic nuclear blebbing of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 12879-12884.
14. Cavalier-Smith, T. (2005). Economy, speed and size matter: evolutionary forces driving nuclear genome miniaturization and expansion. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 95, 147-175.
15. Chi, Y. H., Haller, K., Peloponese, J. M., Jr and Jeang, K. T. (2007). Histone acetyltransferase hALP and nuclear membrane protein hsSUN1 function in decondensation of mitotic chromosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 27447-27458.
16. Collas, P. and Courvalin, J. C. (2000). Sorting nuclear membrane proteins at mitosis. Trends Cell Biol. 10, 5-8.
17. Cremer, T., Cremer, M., Dietzel, S., Muller, S., Solovei, I. and Fakan, S. (2006). Chromosome territories-a functional nuclear landscape. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 18, 307-316.
18. Crisp, M. and Burke, B. (2008). The nuclear envelope as an integrator of nuclear and cytoplasmic architecture. FEBS Lett. 582, 2023-2032.
19. D'Angelo, M. A. and Hetzer, M. W. (2008). Structure, dynamics and function of nuclear pore complexes. Trends Cell Biol. 18, 456-466.
20. D'Angelo, M. A., Anderson, D. J., Richard, E. and Hetzer, M. W. (2006). Nuclear pores form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope. Science 312, 440-443.
21. D'Angelo, M. A., Raices, M., Panowski, S. H. and Hetzer, M. W. (2009). Age-dependent deterioration of nuclear pore complexes causes a loss of nuclear integrity in postmitotic cells. Cell 136, 284-295.
22. Dahl, K. N., Ribeiro, A. J. and Lammerding, J. (2008). Nuclear shape, mechanics, and mechanotransduction. Circ. Res. 102, 1307-1318.
23. Daigle, N., Beaudouin, J., Hartnell, L., Imreh, G., Hallberg, E., Lippincott-Schwartz, J. and Ellenberg, J. (2001). Nuclear pore complexes form immobile networks and have a very low turnover in live mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 154, 71-84.
24. Dawson, T. R., Lazarus, M. D., Hetzer, M. W. and Wente, S. R. (2009). ER membrane-bending proteins are necessary for de novo nuclear pore formation. J. Cell Biol. 184, 659-675.
25. De Sandre-Giovannoli, A., Bernard, R., Cau, P., Navarro, C., Amiel, J., Boccaccio, I., Lyonnet, S., Stewart, C. L., Munnich, A., Le Merrer, M. et al. (2003). Lamin a truncation in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria. Science 300, 2055.
26. De Souza, C. P. and Osmani, S. A. (2007). Mitosis, not just open or closed. Eukaryot. Cell 6, 1521-1527.
27. Dechat, T., Pfleghaar, K., Sengupta, K., Shimi, T., Shumaker, D. K., Solimando, L. and Goldman, R. D. (2008). Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Genes Dev. 22, 832-853.
28. Dittmer, T. A., Stacey, N. J., Sugimoto-Shirasu, K. and Richards, E. J. (2007). LITTLE NUCLEI genes affecting nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 19, 2793-2803.
29. Dultz, E., Zanin, E., Wurzenberger, C., Braun, M., Rabut, G., Sironi, L. and Ellenberg, J. (2008). Systematic kinetic analysis of mitotic dis- and reassembly of the nuclear pore in living cells. J. Cell Biol. 180, 857-865.
30. Ellenberg, J. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (1999). Dynamics and mobility of nuclear envelope proteins in interphase and mitotic cells revealed by green fluorescent protein chimeras. Methods 19, 362-372.
31. Ellenberg, J., Siggia, E. D., Moreira, J. E., Smith, C. L., Presley, J. F., Worman, H. J. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (1997). Nuclear membrane dynamics and reassembly in living cells: targeting of an inner nuclear membrane protein in interphase and mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 138, 1193-1206.
32. Eriksson, M., Brown, W. T., Gordon, L. B., Glynn, M. W., Singer, J., Scott, L., Erdos, M. R., Robbins, C. M., Moses, T. Y., Berglund, P. et al. (2003). Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nature 423, 293-298.
33. Espada, J., Varela, I., Flores, I., Ugalde, A. P., Cadinanos, J., Pendas, A. M., Stewart, C. L., Tryggvason, K., Blasco, M. A., Freije, J. M. et al. (2008). Nuclear envelope defects cause stem cell dysfunction in premature-aging mice. J. Cell Biol. 181, 27-35.
34. Ford, J. H., Schultz, C. J. and Correll, A. T. (1988). Chromosome elimination in micronuclei: a common cause of hypoploidy. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 43, 733-740.
35. Furukawa, K., Sugiyama, S., Osouda, S., Goto, H., Inagaki, M., Horigome, T., Omata, S., McConnell, M., Fisher, P. A. and Nishida, Y. (2003). Barrier-to-autointegration factor plays crucial roles in cell cycle progression and nuclear organization in Drosophila. J. Cell Sci. 116, 3811-3823.
36. Futcher, B. (1996). Cyclins and the wiring of the yeast cell cycle. Yeast 12, 1635-1646.
37. Galy, V., Antonin, W., Jaedicke, A., Sachse, M., Santarella, R., Haselmann, U. and Mattaj, I. (2008). A role for gp210 in mitotic nuclear-envelope breakdown. J. Cell Sci. 121, 317-328.
38. Glynn, M. W. and Glover, T. W. (2005). Incomplete processing of mutant lamin A in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria leads to nuclear abnormalities, which are reversed by farnesyltransferase inhibition. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 2959-2969.
39. Golden, A., Liu, J. and Cohen-Fix, O. (2009). Inactivation of the C. elegans homolog of lipin leads to endoplasmic reticulum disorganization and defects in nuclear envelope breakdown and reassembly. J. Cell Sci. (in press) doi:10.1242/jcs.044743.
40. Goldman, R. D., Shumaker, D. K., Erdos, M. R., Eriksson, M., Goldman, A. E., Gordon, L. B., Gruenbaum, Y., Khuon, S., Mendez, M., Varga, R. et al. (2004). Accumulation of mutant lamin A causes progressive changes in nuclear architecture in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8963-8968.
41. Gorjanacz, M. and Mattaj, I. W. (2009). Lpin-1 is required for efficient nuclear envelope breakdown in Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Cell Sci. (in press) doi:10.1242/jcs.044750.
42. Gorjanacz, M., Klerkx, E. P., Galy, V., Santarella, R., Lopez-Iglesias, C., Askjaer, P. and Mattaj, I. W. (2007). Caenorhabditis elegans BAF-1 and its kinase VRK-1 participate directly in post-mitotic nuclear envelope assembly. EMBO J. 26, 132-143.
43. Goshima, G., Kiyomitsu, T., Yoda, K. and Yanagida, M. (2003). Human centromere chromatin protein hMis12, essential for equal segregation, is independent of CENP-A loading pathway. J. Cell Biol. 160, 25-39.
44. Gregory, T. (2005). Genome Size Evolution in Animals, vol. 1, pp. 4-87. London: Elsevier Academic Press.
45. Guttinger, S., Laurell, E. and Kutay, U. (2009). Orchestrating nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly during mitosis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 178-191.
46. Haithcock, E., Dayani, Y., Neufeld, E., Zahand, A. J., Feinstein, N., Mattout, A., Gruenbaum, Y. and Liu, J. (2005). Age-related changes of nuclear architecture in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 16690-16695.
47. Hancock, R. (2004). A role for macromolecular crowding effects in the assembly and function of compartments in the nucleus. J. Struct. Biol. 146, 281-290.
48. Harris, H. (1967). The reactivation of the red cell nucleus. J. Cell Sci. 2, 23-32.
49. He, S., Dunn, K. L., Espino, P. S., Drobic, B., Li, L., Yu, J., Sun, J. M., Chen, H. Y., Pritchard, S. and Davie, J. R. (2008). Chromatin organization and nuclear microenvironments in cancer cells. J. Cell Biochem. 104, 2004-2015.
50. Henery, C. C. and Kaufman, M. H. (1992). Relationship between cell size and nuclear volume in nucleated red blood cells of developmentally matched diploid and tetraploid mouse embryos. J. Exp. Zool. 261, 472-478.
51. Henery, C. C., Bard, J. B. and Kaufman, M. H. (1992). Tetraploidy in mice, embryonic cell number, and the grain of the developmental map. Dev. Biol. 152, 233-241.
52. Hetzer, M., Meyer, H. H., Walther, T. C., Bilbao-Cortes, D., Warren, G. and Mattaj, I. W. (2001). Distinct AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps of nuclear assembly. Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 1086-1091.
53. Higashio, H., Kimata, Y., Kiriyama, T., Hirata, A. and Kohno, K. (2000). Sfb2p, a yeast protein related to Sec24p, can function as a constituent of COPII coats required for vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 17900-17908.
54. Hoffmann, K., Dreger, C. K., Olins, A. L., Olins, D. E., Shultz, L. D., Lucke, B., Karl, H., Kaps, R., Muller, D., Vaya, A. et al. (2002). Mutations in the gene encoding the lamin B receptor produce an altered nuclear morphology in granulocytes (Pelger-Huet anomaly). Nat. Genet. 31, 410-414.
55. Hoffmann, K., Sperling, K., Olins, A. L. and Olins, D. E. (2007). The granulocyte nucleus and lamin B receptor: avoiding the ovoid. Chromosoma 116, 227-235.
56. Jorgensen, P., Edgington, N. P., Schneider, B. L., Rupes, I., Tyers, M. and Futcher, B. (2007). The size of the nucleus increases as yeast cells grow. Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 3523-3532.
57. Jovtchev, G., Schubert, V., Meister, A., Barow, M. and Schubert, I. (2006). Nuclear DNA content and nuclear and cell volume are positively correlated in angiosperms. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 114, 77-82.
58. Kaiser, T. E., Intine, R. V. and Dundr, M. (2008). De novo formation of a subnuclear body. Science 322, 1713-1717.
59. King, M. C., Drivas, T. G. and Blobel, G. (2008). A network of nuclear envelope membrane proteins linking centromeres to microtubules. Cell 134, 427-438.
60. Kiseleva, E., Morozova, K. N., Voeltz, G. K., Allen, T. D. and Goldberg, M. W. (2007). Reticulon 4a/NogoA locates to regions of high membrane curvature and may have a role in nuclear envelope growth. J. Struct. Biol. 160, 224-235.
61. Lammerding, J., Hsiao, J., Schulze, P. C., Kozlov, S., Stewart, C. L. and Lee, R. T. (2005). Abnormal nuclear shape and impaired mechanotransduction in emerin-deficient cells. J. Cell Biol. 170, 781-791.
62. Lemaitre, J. M., Geraud, G. and Mechali, M. (1998). Dynamics of the genome during early Xenopus laevis development: karyomeres as independent units of replication. J. Cell Biol. 142, 1159-1166.
63. Lenart, P. and Ellenberg, J. (2003). Nuclear envelope dynamics in oocytes: from germinal vesicle breakdown to mitosis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15, 88-95.
64. Liu, J., Rolef Ben-Shahar, T., Riemer, D., Treinin, M., Spann, P., Weber, K., Fire, A. and Gruenbaum, Y. (2000). Essential roles for Caenorhabditis elegans lamin gene in nuclear organization, cell cycle progression, and spatial organization of nuclear pore complexes. Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 3937-3947.
65. Lohka, M. J. and Masui, Y. (1983). Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components. Science 220, 719-721.
66. Mallampalli, M. P., Huyer, G., Bendale, P., Gelb, M. H. and Michaelis, S. (2005). Inhibiting farnesylation reverses the nuclear morphology defect in a HeLa cell model for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 14416-14421.
67. Mansfeld, J., Guttinger, S., Hawryluk-Gara, L. A., Pante, N., Mall, M., Galy, V., Haselmann, U., Muhlhausser, P., Wozniak, R. W., Mattaj, I. W. et al. (2006). The conserved transmembrane nucleoporin NDC1 is required for nuclear pore complex assembly in vertebrate cells. Mol. Cell 22, 93-103.
68. Matynia, A., Salus, S. S. and Sazer, S. (2002). Three proteins required for early steps in the protein secretory pathway also affect nuclear envelope structure and cell cycle progression in fission yeast. J. Cell Sci. 115, 421-431.
69. Maul, G. G., Price, J. W. and Lieberman, M. W. (1971). Formation and distribution of nuclear pore complexes in interphase. J. Cell Biol. 51, 405-418.
70. Maul, H. M., Hsu, B. Y., Borun, T. M. and Maul, G. G. (1973). Effect of metabolic inhibitors on nuclear pore formation during the HeLa S3 cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 59, 669-676.
71. Misteli, T. (2001). The concept of self-organization in cellular architecture. J. Cell Biol. 155, 181-185.
72. Misteli, T. (2008). Cell biology: nuclear order out of chaos. Nature 456, 333-334.
73. Miyoshi, D. and Sugimoto, N. (2008). Molecular crowding effects on structure and stability of DNA. Biochimie 90, 1040-1051.
74. Montag, M., Spring, H. and Trendelenburg, M. F. (1988). Structural analysis of the mitotic cycle in pre-gastrula Xenopus embryos. Chromosoma 96, 187-196.
75. Mora-Bermudez, F., Gerlich, D. and Ellenberg, J. (2007). Maximal chromosome compaction occurs by axial shortening in anaphase and depends on Aurora kinase. Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 822-831.
76. Neumann, F. R. and Nurse, P. (2007). Nuclear size control in fission yeast. J. Cell Biol. 179, 593-600.
77. Newport, J. (1987). Nuclear reconstitution in vitro: stages of assembly around proteinfree DNA. Cell 48, 205-217.
78. Newport, J. W., Wilson, K. L. and Dunphy, W. G. (1990). A lamin-independent pathway for nuclear envelope assembly. J. Cell Biol. 111, 2247-2259.
79. Norppa, H. and Falck, G. C. (2003). What do human micronuclei contain? Mutagenesis 18, 221-233.
80. Ohsugi, M., Adachi, K., Horai, R., Kakuta, S., Sudo, K., Kotaki, H., Tokai-Nishizumi, N., Sagara, H., Iwakura, Y. and Yamamoto, T. (2008). Kid-mediated chromosome compaction ensures proper nuclear envelope formation. Cell 132, 771-782.
81. Olins, A. L. and Olins, D. E. (2004). Cytoskeletal influences on nuclear shape in granulocytic HL-60 cells. BMC Cell Biol. 5, 30.
82. Olins, D. E. and Olins, A. L. (2005). Granulocyte heterochromatin: defining the epigenome. BMC Cell Biol. 6, 39.
83. Olins, A. L., Zwerger, M., Herrmann, H., Zentgraf, H., Simon, A. J., Monestier, M. and Olins, D. E. (2008). The human granulocyte nucleus: unusual nuclear envelope and heterochromatin composition. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 87, 279-290.
84. Pilot, F., Philippe, J. M., Lemmers, C., Chauvin, J. P. and Lecuit, T. (2006). Developmental control of nuclear morphogenesis and anchoring by charleston, identified in a functional genomic screen of Drosophila cellularisation. Development 133, 711-723.
85. Prunuske, A. J. and Ullman, K. S. (2006). The nuclear envelope: form and reformation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 18, 108-116.
86. Puhka, M., Vihinen, H., Joensuu, M. and Jokitalo, E. (2007). Endoplasmic reticulum remains continuous and undergoes sheet-to-tubule transformation during cell division in mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 179, 895-909.
87. Ramadan, K., Bruderer, R., Spiga, F. M., Popp, O., Baur, T., Gotta, M. and Meyer, H. H. (2007). Cdc48/p97 promotes reformation of the nucleus by extracting the kinase Aurora B from chromatin. Nature 450, 1258-1262.
88. Rasala, B. A., Ramos, C., Harel, A. and Forbes, D. J. (2008). Capture of AT-rich chromatin by ELYS recruits POM121 and NDC1 to initiate nuclear pore assembly. Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 3982-3996.
89. Reue, K. and Zhang, P. (2008). The lipin protein family: dual roles in lipid biosynthesis and gene expression. FEBS Lett. 582, 90-96.
90. Roca-Cusachs, P., Alcaraz, J., Sunyer, R., Samitier, J., Farre, R. and Navajas, D. (2008). Micropatterning of single endothelial cell shape reveals a tight coupling between nuclear volume in G1 and proliferation. Biophys. J. 94, 4984-4995.
91. Rusinol, A. E. and Sinensky, M. S. (2006). Farnesylated lamins, progeroid syndromes and farnesyl transferase inhibitors. J. Cell Sci. 119, 3265-3272.
92. Salina, D., Enarson, P., Rattner, J. B. and Burke, B. (2003). Nup358 integrates nuclear envelope breakdown with kinetochore assembly. J. Cell Biol. 162, 991-1001.
93. Santos-Rosa, H., Leung, J., Grimsey, N., Peak-Chew, S. and Siniossoglou, S. (2005). The yeast lipin Smp2 couples phospholipid biosynthesis to nuclear membrane growth. EMBO J. 24, 1931-1941.
94. Sasaki, Y., Miyoshi, D. and Sugimoto, N. (2006). Effect of molecular crowding on DNA polymerase activity. Biotechnol. J. 1, 440-446.
95. Sato, S., Burgess, S. B. and McIlwain, D. L. (1994). Transcription and motoneuron size. J. Neurochem. 63, 1609-1615.
96. Scaffidi, P. and Misteli, T. (2006). Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging. Science 312, 1059-1063.
97. Scaffidi, P. and Misteli, T. (2008). Lamin A-dependent misregulation of adult stem cells associated with accelerated ageing. Nat. Cell Biol. 10, 452-459.
98. Schmidt, E. E. and Schibler, U. (1995). Cell size regulation, a mechanism that controls cellular RNA accumulation: consequences on regulation of the ubiquitous transcription factors Oct1 and NF-Y and the liver-enriched transcription factor DBP. J. Cell Biol. 128, 467-483.
99. Siniossoglou, S., Santos-Rosa, H., Rappsilber, J., Mann, M. and Hurt, E. (1998). A novel complex of membrane proteins required for formation of a spherical nucleus. EMBO J. 17, 6449-6464.
100. Slater, D. N., Rice, S., Stewart, R., Melling, S. E., Hewer, E. M. and Smith, J. H. (2005). Proposed Sheffield quantitative criteria in cervical cytology to assist the grading of squamous cell dyskaryosis, as the British Society for Clinical Cytology definitions require amendment. Cytopathology 16, 179-192.
101. Sonnichsen, B., Koski, L. B., Walsh, A., Marschall, P., Neumann, B., Brehm, M., Alleaume, A. M., Artelt, J., Bettencourt, P., Cassin, E. et al. (2005). Full-genome RNAi profiling of early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 434, 462-469.
102. Tange, Y., Hirata, A. and Niwa, O. (2002). An evolutionarily conserved fission yeast protein, Ned1, implicated in normal nuclear morphology and chromosome stability, interacts with Dis3, Pim1/RCC1 and an essential nucleoporin. J. Cell Sci. 115, 4375-4385.
103. Thomson, I., Gilchrist, S., Bickmore, W. A. and Chubb, J. R. (2004). The radial positioning of chromatin is not inherited through mitosis but is established de novo in early G1. Curr. Biol. 14, 166-172.
104. Toth, J. I., Yang, S. H., Qiao, X., Beigneux, A. P., Gelb, M. H., Moulson, C. L., Miner, J. H., Young, S. G. and Fong, L. G. (2005). Blocking protein farnesyltransferase improves nuclear shape in fibroblasts from humans with progeroid syndromes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 12873-12878.
105. Ulbert, S., Platani, M., Boue, S. and Mattaj, I. W. (2006). Direct membrane protein-DNA interactions required early in nuclear envelope assembly. J. Cell Biol. 173, 469-476.
106. Voeltz, G. K., Prinz, W. A., Shibata, Y., Rist, J. M. and Rapoport, T. A. (2006). A class of membrane proteins shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 124, 573-586.
107. Vollmar, F., Hacker, C., Zahedi, R. P., Sickmann, A., Ewald, A. U., S. and Dabauvalle, M. C. (2009). Assembly of nuclear pore complexes mediated by major vault protein. J. Cell Sci. 122, 780-786.
108. Walker, J. A., Boreham, D. R., Unrau, P. and Duncan, A. M. (1996). Chromosome content and ultrastructure of radiation-induced micronuclei. Mutagenesis 11, 419-424.
109. Wilhelmsen, K., Ketema, M., Truong, H. and Sonnenberg, A. (2006). KASH-domain proteins in nuclear migration, anchorage and other processes. J. Cell Sci. 119, 5021-5029.
110. Winey, M., Yarar, D., Giddings, T. H., Jr and Mastronarde, D. N. (1997). Nuclear pore complex number and distribution throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of nuclear envelopes. Mol. Biol. Cell 8, 2119-2132.
111. Yang, L., Guan, T. and Gerace, L. (1997). Lamin-binding fragment of LAP2 inhibits increase in nuclear volume during the cell cycle and progression into S phase. J. Cell Biol. 139, 1077-1087.
112. Yen, A. and Pardee, A. B. (1979). Role of nuclear size in cell growth initiation. Science 204, 1315-1317.
113. Zink, D., Fischer, A. H. and Nickerson, J. A. (2004). Nuclear structure in cancer cells. Nat. Rev. Cancer 4, 677-687.