Dynamics of the genome during early Xenopus laevis development: Karyomeres as independent units of replication

Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn 142, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 1159-1166

  Lemaitre, Jean Marc ^a,b   Géraud, Gérard ^a,b   Méchali, Marcel ^a,b  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b INSTITUTE OF HUMAN GENETICS   (France)

Author keywords

Cell cycle; Chromosomes; Development; DNA replication; Nuclear envelope

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; DNA REPLICATION; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL NUCLEUS; CHROMOSOMES; DNA REPLICATION; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; GENOME; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

EID: 0032494164     PISSN: 00219525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.142.5.1159     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adchi, Y., and U.K. Laemmli. 1994. Study of the cell cycle-dependent assembly of the DNA pre-replication centres in Xenopus egg extracts. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 13:4153-4164.
2. Baker, T.A., and S.P. Bell. 1998. Polymerases and the replisome: machines within machines. Cell. 92:295-305.
3. Blow, J.J., and R.A. Laskey. 1986. Initiation of DNA replication in nuclei and purified DNA by a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs. Cell. 47:577-587.
4. Blow, J.J., and R.A. Laskey. 1988. A role for the nuclear envelope in controlling DNA replication within the cell cycle. Nature. 332:546-548.
5. Bravo, R., R. Frank, P.A. Blundell, and H. Macdonald-Bravo. 1987. Cyclin/PCNA is the auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta. Nature. 326:515-517.
6. Chong, J.P., H.M. Mahbubani, C.Y. Khoo, and J.J. Blow. 1995. Purification of an MCM-containing complex as a component of the DNA replication licensing system. Nature. 3755:418-421.
7. Coue, M., S.E. Kearsey, and M. Mechali. 1996. Chromotin binding, nuclear localization and phosphorylation of Xenopus cdc21 are cell-cycle dependent and associated with the control of initiation of DNA replication. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 15:1085-1097.
8. Crenshaw, A.H., Jr., J.W. Shay, and L.R. Murrell. 1981. Colcemid-induced micronucleation in cultured human cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 75:179-186.
9. Ege, T., H. Hamberg, U. Krondahl, J. Ericsson, and N.R. Ringertz. 1974. Characterization of minicells (nuclei) obtained by cytochalasin enucleation. Exp. Cell Res. 87:365-377.
10. Ege, T., N.R. Ringertz, H. Hamberg, and E. Sidebottom. 1977. Preparation of microcells. Methods Cell Biol. 15:339-357.
11. Elledge, S.J. 1996. Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis. Science. 274:1664-1672.
12. Emanuelsson, H. 1973. Karyomeres in early cleavage embryos of Ophryotrocha labronica LaGreca and Bacci. Wilhem Roux' Archiv. 173:27-45.
13. Firmbach-Kraft, I., and R. Stick. 1995. Analysis of nuclear lamin isoprenylation in Xenopus oocytes: isoprenylation of lamin B3 precedes its uptake into the nucleus. J. Cell Biol. 129:17-24.
14. Gard, D.L., S. Hafezi, T. Zhang, and S.J. Doxsey. 1990. Centrosome duplication continues in cycloheximide-treated Xenopus blastulae in the absence of a detectable cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 110:2033-2042.
15. Gerhart, J., M. Wu, and M. Kirschner. 1984. Cell cycle dynamics of an M-phase-specific cytoplasmic factor in Xenopus laevis oocytes and eggs. J. Cell Biol. 98:1247-1255.
16. Goldberg, M., H. Jenkins, T. Allen, W.G. Whitfield, and C.J. Hutchison. 1995. Xenopus lamin B3 has a direct role in the assembly of a replication competent nucleus: evidence from cell-free egg extracts. J. Cell. Sci. 108:3451-3461.
17. Hara, K., P. Tydeman, and M. Kirschner. 1980. A cytoplasmic clock with the same period as the division cycle in Xenopus eggs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:462-466.
18. Hutchison, C., and I. Kill. 1989. Changes in the nuclear distribution of DNA polymerase alpha and PCNA/cyclin during the progress of the cell cycle, in a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs. J. Cell Sci. 93:605-613.
19. Hutchison, C.J.. R. Cox, R.S. Drepaul, M. Gomperts, and C.C. Ford. 1987. Periodic DNA synthesis in cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 6:2003-2010.
20. Hutchison, C.J., R. Cox, and C.C. Ford. 1988. The control of DNA replication in a cell-free extract that recapitulates a basic cell cycle in vitro. Development (Camb.). 103:553-566.
21. Hyrien, O., C. Maric, and M. Mechali. 1995. Transition in specification of embryonic metazoan DNA replication origins. Science. 270:994-997.
22. Hyrien, O., and M. Mechali. 1993. Chromosomal replication initiates and terminates at random sequences but at regular intervals in the ribosomal DNA of Xenopus early embryos. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 12:4511-4520.
23. Jenkins, H., W.G. Whitfield, M.W. Goldberg, T.D. Allen, and C.J. Hutchison. 1995. Evidence for the direct involvement of lamins in the assembly of a replication competent nucleus. Acta Biochim. Pol. 42:133-143.
24. Kallajoki, M., J. Harborth, K. Weber, and M. Osborn. 1993. Microinjection of a monoclonal antibody against SPN antigen, now identified by peptide sequences as the NuMA protein, induces micronuclei in PtK2 cells. J. Cell Sci. 104:139-150.
25. Kallajoki, M., K. Weber, and M. Osborn. 1991. A 210 kDa nuclear matrix protein is a functional part of the mitotic spindle; a microinjection study using SPN monoclonal antibodies. EMBO (Eur. mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 10:3351-3362.
26. Kobel, H.R., and L. Du Pasquier. 1986. Genetics of polyploid Xenopus. Trends Genet. 2:310-315.
27. Kubota, Y., S. Mimura, S. Nishimoto, H. Takisawa, and H. Nojima. 1995. Identification of the yeast MCM3-related protein as a component of Xenopus DNA replication licensing factor. Cell. 81:601-609.
28. Lemaitre, J.M., S. Bocquet, R. Buckle, and M. Mechali. 1995. Selective and rapid nuclear translocation of a c-Myc-containing complex after fertilization of Xenopus laevis eggs. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:5054-5062.
29. Leno, G.H., and R.A. Laskey. 1991. The nuclear membrane determines the timing of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. J. Cell Biol. 112:557-566.
30. Lewis, W.H. 1947. Interphase (resting) nuclei, chromosomal vesicles and amitosis. Anat. Rec. 97:433-445.
31. Lohka, M.J., and J.L. Maller. 1985. Induction of nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts. J. Cell Biol. 101:518-523.
32. Lohka, M.J., and Y. Masui. 1983. Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components. Science. 220:719-721.
33. Longo, F.J. 1972. An ultrastructural analysis of mitosis and cytokinesis in the zygote of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata. J. Morphol. 138:207-238.
34. Madine, M.A., C.Y. Khoo, A.D. Mills, and R.A. Laskey. 1995. MCM3 complex required for cell cycle regulation of DNA replication in vertebrate cells. Nature. 3755:421-424.
35. Meier, J., K.H. Campbell, C.C. Ford, R. Stick, and C.J. Hutchison. 1991. The role of lamin LIII in nuclear assembly and DNA replication, in cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs. J. Cell Sci. 98:271-279.
36. Moir, R.D., M. Montag-Lowy, and R.D. Goldman. 1994. Dynamic properties of nuclear lamins: lamin B is associated with sites of DNA replication. J. Cell Biol. 125:1201-2012.
37. Montag, M., H. Spring, and M.F. Trendelenburg. 1988. Structural analysis of the mitotic cycle in pre-gastrula Xenopus embryos. Chromosoma. 96:187-196.
38. Murray, A.W. 1991. Cell cycle extracts. Methods Cell Biol. 36:581-605.
39. Murray, A.W., A.B. Desai, and E.D. Salmon. 1996. Real time observation of anaphase in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:12327-12332.
40. Newport, J. 1987. Nuclear reconstitution in vitro: stages of assembly around protein-free DNA. Cell. 48:205-217.
41. Newport, J., and M. Dasso. 1989. On the coupling between DNA replication and mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 12(Suppl.):149-160.
42. Newport, J., and M. Kirschner. 1982. A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: I. characterization and timing of cellular changes at the midblastula stage. Cell. 30:675-686.
43. Newport, J.W., and D.J. Forbes. 1987. The nucleus: structure, function, and dynamics. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56:535-565.
44. Newport, J.W., K.L. Wilson, and W.G. Dunphy. 1990. A lamin-independent pathway for nuclear envelope assembly. J. Cell Biol. 111:2247-2259.
45. Shay, J.W., and M.A. Clark. 1977. Morphological studies on the enucleation of colchicine-treated L-929 cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 58:155-161.
46. Sherr, C.J. 1996. Cancer cell cycles. Science. 274:1672-1677.
47. Vogelstein, B., D.M. Pardoll, and D.S. Coffey. 1980. Supercoiled loops and eucaryotic DNA replicaton. Cell. 22:79-85.
48. Wilson, K.L., and J. Newport. 1988. A trypsin-sensitive receptor on membrane vesicles is required for nuclear envelope formation in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 107:57-68.
49. Yan, H., and J. Newport. 1995. An analysis of the regulation of DNA synthesis by cdk2, Cip1, and licensing factor. J. Cell Biol. 129:1-15.