메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 408-423

Monitoring of the primary drying of a lyophilization process in vials

Author keywords

Freeze drying; Monitoring; Observer; Pressure rise test; Primary drying

Indexed keywords

CONTROL LOOP; CONTROL PURPOSE; FREEZE-DRYING; HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; IMPROVED ALGORITHM; INTERFACE TEMPERATURES; MODULAR SYSTEM; MOISTURE SENSORS; MULTIPOINT; OBSERVER; PRESSURE GAUGES; PRESSURE RISE TEST; PRIMARY DRYING; SOFT SENSORS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE PROFILES;

EID: 67649836871     PISSN: 02552701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2008.05.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0001819266 scopus 로고
    • Freeze drying of sterile products
    • Groves M.J., Olson W., and Anisfeld M. (Eds), Interpharm Press, Buffalo Grove (Chapter 5)
    • Snowman J.W. Freeze drying of sterile products. In: Groves M.J., Olson W., and Anisfeld M. (Eds). Sterile Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (1991), Interpharm Press, Buffalo Grove 79-108 (Chapter 5)
    • (1991) Sterile Pharmaceutical Manufacturing , pp. 79-108
    • Snowman, J.W.1
  • 2
    • 0002969277 scopus 로고
    • Freeze drying
    • Mujumdar A.S. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (Chapter 9)
    • Liapis A.I. Freeze drying. In: Mujumdar A.S. (Ed). Handbook of Industrial Drying (1987), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 295-326 (Chapter 9)
    • (1987) Handbook of Industrial Drying , pp. 295-326
    • Liapis, A.I.1
  • 3
    • 0024602083 scopus 로고
    • Process control in freeze drying: determination of the end point of sublimation drying by an electronic moisture sensor
    • Roy M.L., and Pikal M.J. Process control in freeze drying: determination of the end point of sublimation drying by an electronic moisture sensor. Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology 43 (1989) 60-66
    • (1989) Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology , vol.43 , pp. 60-66
    • Roy, M.L.1    Pikal, M.J.2
  • 6
    • 0030846563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement as a method of monitoring product temperature during lyophilisation
    • Milton N., Pikal M.J., Roy M.L., and Nail S.L. Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement as a method of monitoring product temperature during lyophilisation. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 (1997) 7-16
    • (1997) PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.5 , pp. 7-16
    • Milton, N.1    Pikal, M.J.2    Roy, M.L.3    Nail, S.L.4
  • 7
    • 5444256705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the freeze-drying cycle: a new model for pressure rise analysis
    • Chouvenc P., Vessot S., Andrieu J., and Vacus P. Optimization of the freeze-drying cycle: a new model for pressure rise analysis. Drying Technology 22 (2004) 1577-1601
    • (2004) Drying Technology , vol.22 , pp. 1577-1601
    • Chouvenc, P.1    Vessot, S.2    Andrieu, J.3    Vacus, P.4
  • 8
    • 27744541203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the freeze-drying cycle: adaptation of the Pressure Rise Analysis to non-instantaneous isolation valves
    • Chouvenc P., Vessot S., Andrieu J., and Vacus P. Optimization of the freeze-drying cycle: adaptation of the Pressure Rise Analysis to non-instantaneous isolation valves. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 5 (2005) 298-309
    • (2005) PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , vol.5 , pp. 298-309
    • Chouvenc, P.1    Vessot, S.2    Andrieu, J.3    Vacus, P.4
  • 10
    • 56749134078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sistema per la misurazione in tempo reale di massa e temperatura di sostanze sottoposte a liofilizzazione,
    • Italian Patent Application no. B02005A000320
    • A. Vallan, M. Parvis, A.A. Barresi, Sistema per la misurazione in tempo reale di massa e temperatura di sostanze sottoposte a liofilizzazione, Italian Patent Application no. B02005A000320, 2005
    • (2005)
    • Vallan, A.1    Parvis, M.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 12
    • 68749116070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3NEDIA, Ottawa, 2008 (Chapter 7).
    • 3NEDIA, Ottawa, 2008 (Chapter 7).
  • 13
    • 0035282008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the extended Kalman filter to systems described by non-linear differential-algebraic equations
    • Becerra V.M., Roberts P.D., and Griffiths G.W. Applying the extended Kalman filter to systems described by non-linear differential-algebraic equations. Control Engineering Practice 9 (2001) 267-281
    • (2001) Control Engineering Practice , vol.9 , pp. 267-281
    • Becerra, V.M.1    Roberts, P.D.2    Griffiths, G.W.3
  • 14
    • 44249107102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of simplified models for the freeze-drying process and investigation of the optimal operating conditions
    • Velardi S.A., and Barresi A.A. Development of simplified models for the freeze-drying process and investigation of the optimal operating conditions. Chemical Engineering Research & Design 86 (2008) 9-22
    • (2008) Chemical Engineering Research & Design , vol.86 , pp. 9-22
    • Velardi, S.A.1    Barresi, A.A.2
  • 15
    • 70349494074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-line monitoring of the primary drying phase of the freeze-drying process in vial using a Kalman filter based observer
    • Submitted for publication
    • S.A. Velardi, H. Hammouri, A.A. Barresi, In-line monitoring of the primary drying phase of the freeze-drying process in vial using a Kalman filter based observer, Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Submitted for publication.
    • Chemical Engineering Research & Design
    • Velardi, S.A.1    Hammouri, H.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 16
    • 68749103004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.A. Barresi, G. Baldi, M. Parvis, A. Vallan, S. Velardi, H. Hammouri, Optimization and control of the freeze-drying process of pharmaceutical products, International patent application No. PCT/IB2007/051276, International Publication No. WO2007/116371 A2 (18 October 2007), World Intellectual Property Organization [Priority data TO2006A000270, 11/04/2006], 2007.
    • A.A. Barresi, G. Baldi, M. Parvis, A. Vallan, S. Velardi, H. Hammouri, Optimization and control of the freeze-drying process of pharmaceutical products, International patent application No. PCT/IB2007/051276, International Publication No. WO2007/116371 A2 (18 October 2007), World Intellectual Property Organization [Priority data TO2006A000270, 11/04/2006], 2007.
  • 17
    • 68749116069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Galan, S.A. Velardi, R. Pisano, V. Rasetto, A.A. Barresi, A gentle PAT approach to in-line control of the lyophilization process. In: New Ventures in Freeze-drying, Refrigeration Science and Technology Proceedings No. 2007-3 (IIR & Aerial), Strasbourg, France, November 7-9, 2007, CD-ROM Edition, Institut International du Froid, Paris, 17 pp.
    • M. Galan, S.A. Velardi, R. Pisano, V. Rasetto, A.A. Barresi, A gentle PAT approach to in-line control of the lyophilization process. In: New Ventures in Freeze-drying, Refrigeration Science and Technology Proceedings No. 2007-3 (IIR & Aerial), Strasbourg, France, November 7-9, 2007, CD-ROM Edition, Institut International du Froid, Paris, 17 pp.
  • 18
    • 84987318550 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring freeze-drying by low resolution NMR: Determination of sublimation endpoint
    • Monteiro Marques J.P., Le Loch C., Wolff E., and Rutledge D.N. Monitoring freeze-drying by low resolution NMR: Determination of sublimation endpoint. Journal of Food Science 56 (1991) 1707-1728
    • (1991) Journal of Food Science , vol.56 , pp. 1707-1728
    • Monteiro Marques, J.P.1    Le Loch, C.2    Wolff, E.3    Rutledge, D.N.4
  • 19
    • 0028908786 scopus 로고
    • Sublimation drying lyophilization detected by temperature profile and X-ray technique
    • Schelenz G., Engel J., and Rupprecht H. Sublimation drying lyophilization detected by temperature profile and X-ray technique. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 113 (1994) 133-140
    • (1994) International Journal of Pharmaceutics , vol.113 , pp. 133-140
    • Schelenz, G.1    Engel, J.2    Rupprecht, H.3
  • 22
    • 6844241962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-rime in situ monitoring of lysozyme during lyophilization using infrared spectroscopy: Dehydration stress in the presence of sucrose
    • Remmele R.L., Stushnoff C., and Carpenter J.F. Real-rime in situ monitoring of lysozyme during lyophilization using infrared spectroscopy: Dehydration stress in the presence of sucrose. Pharmaceutical Research 14 (1997) 1548-1555
    • (1997) Pharmaceutical Research , vol.14 , pp. 1548-1555
    • Remmele, R.L.1    Stushnoff, C.2    Carpenter, J.F.3
  • 23
    • 0037335194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of the lyophilization process
    • Brülls M., Folestad S., Sparén A., and Rasmuson A. In-situ near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of the lyophilization process. Pharmaceutical Research 20 (2003) 494-499
    • (2003) Pharmaceutical Research , vol.20 , pp. 494-499
    • Brülls, M.1    Folestad, S.2    Sparén, A.3    Rasmuson, A.4
  • 25
    • 0036193135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a remote electrode system for monitoring the water content of materials inside a glass vial
    • Suherman P.M., Taylor P.M., and Smith G. Development of a remote electrode system for monitoring the water content of materials inside a glass vial. Pharmaceuticals Research 19 (2002) 337-344
    • (2002) Pharmaceuticals Research , vol.19 , pp. 337-344
    • Suherman, P.M.1    Taylor, P.M.2    Smith, G.3
  • 26
    • 3042835497 scopus 로고
    • Automatic regulation of the freeze-drying of complex systems
    • Rey L.R. Automatic regulation of the freeze-drying of complex systems. Biodynamica 8 (1961) 241-260
    • (1961) Biodynamica , vol.8 , pp. 241-260
    • Rey, L.R.1
  • 27
    • 68749094837 scopus 로고
    • Etude expérimentale des transferts de chaleur et de masse en cours de lyophilisation par mesures diélectriques et par mesure de pression de vapeur
    • International Institute of Refrigeration, Cleveland, USA
    • Bouldoires J.P. Etude expérimentale des transferts de chaleur et de masse en cours de lyophilisation par mesures diélectriques et par mesure de pression de vapeur. Symposium on Thermodynamic Aspects of Freeze-drying. International Institute of Refrigeration, Cleveland, USA (1969)
    • (1969) Symposium on Thermodynamic Aspects of Freeze-drying
    • Bouldoires, J.P.1
  • 29
    • 0001332667 scopus 로고
    • Freeze drying: principles and practice
    • Avis A., Liebermann A., and Lachmann L. (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York
    • Nail S., and Gatlin L. Freeze drying: principles and practice. In: Avis A., Liebermann A., and Lachmann L. (Eds). Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms vol. 2 (1993), Marcel Dekker, New York 163-333
    • (1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , vol.2 , pp. 163-333
    • Nail, S.1    Gatlin, L.2
  • 30
    • 1242314686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of freeze-drying processes for pharmaceuticals: practical advice
    • Tang X., and Pikal M.J. Design of freeze-drying processes for pharmaceuticals: practical advice. Pharmaceuticals Research 21 (2004) 191-200
    • (2004) Pharmaceuticals Research , vol.21 , pp. 191-200
    • Tang, X.1    Pikal, M.J.2
  • 31
    • 68749120425 scopus 로고
    • Impiego di un impianto pilota per lo studio cinetico di un processo di liofilizzazione
    • R. Bruttini, G. Rovero, G. Baldi, Impiego di un impianto pilota per lo studio cinetico di un processo di liofilizzazione. Il farmaco, Edizione Pratica 11 (1986) 346-357.
    • (1986) Il farmaco, Edizione Pratica , vol.11 , pp. 346-357
    • Bruttini, R.1    Rovero, G.2    Baldi, G.3
  • 32
    • 0026107089 scopus 로고
    • Experimentation and modelling of pharmaceutical lyophilisation using a pilot plant
    • Bruttini R., Rovero G., and Baldi G. Experimentation and modelling of pharmaceutical lyophilisation using a pilot plant. Chemical Engineering Journal 45 (1991) 67-77
    • (1991) Chemical Engineering Journal , vol.45 , pp. 67-77
    • Bruttini, R.1    Rovero, G.2    Baldi, G.3
  • 33
    • 0035907621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a prototype capacitive balance for freeze-drying studies
    • Rovero G., Ghio S., and Barresi A.A. Development of a prototype capacitive balance for freeze-drying studies. Chemical Engineering Science 56 (2001) 3575-3584
    • (2001) Chemical Engineering Science , vol.56 , pp. 3575-3584
    • Rovero, G.1    Ghio, S.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 34
    • 68749106674 scopus 로고
    • Freeze-drying plant, International Patent Classification
    • no. WOP02426 19940722, 1994
    • M. Christ, Freeze-drying plant, International Patent Classification no. WO1994EP02426 19940722, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Christ, M.1
  • 35
    • 0034828031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of drying rate of crystalline and amorphous systems during freeze-drying using an in situ microbalance technique
    • Roth C., Winter G., and Lee G. Continuous measurement of drying rate of crystalline and amorphous systems during freeze-drying using an in situ microbalance technique. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 90 (2001) 1345-1355
    • (2001) Journal of Pharmaceutical Science , vol.90 , pp. 1345-1355
    • Roth, C.1    Winter, G.2    Lee, G.3
  • 37
    • 0019082946 scopus 로고
    • Use of the capacitance manometer gauge in vacuum freeze-drying
    • Armstrong J.G. Use of the capacitance manometer gauge in vacuum freeze-drying. Journal of the Parenteral Drug Association 34 (1980) 473-483
    • (1980) Journal of the Parenteral Drug Association , vol.34 , pp. 473-483
    • Armstrong, J.G.1
  • 40
    • 0030214899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for on-line determination of residual water content and sublimation end-point during freeze-drying
    • Genin N., Rene F., and Corrieu G. A method for on-line determination of residual water content and sublimation end-point during freeze-drying. Chemical Engineering and Processing 35 (1996) 255-263
    • (1996) Chemical Engineering and Processing , vol.35 , pp. 255-263
    • Genin, N.1    Rene, F.2    Corrieu, G.3
  • 41
    • 23144460878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Rambhatla, R. Ramot, C. Bhugra, M.J. Pikal, Heat and mass transfer scale-up issues during freeze drying. II. Control and characterization of the degree of supercooling. AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 5 (4) (2004), 9 pp., article 58, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
    • S. Rambhatla, R. Ramot, C. Bhugra, M.J. Pikal, Heat and mass transfer scale-up issues during freeze drying. II. Control and characterization of the degree of supercooling. AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 5 (4) (2004), 9 pp., article 58, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
  • 43
    • 34250612227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interactive tool for the optimization of freeze-drying cycles based on quality criteria
    • Trelea I.C., Passot S., Fonseca F., and Marin M. An interactive tool for the optimization of freeze-drying cycles based on quality criteria. Drying Technology 25 (2007) 741-751
    • (2007) Drying Technology , vol.25 , pp. 741-751
    • Trelea, I.C.1    Passot, S.2    Fonseca, F.3    Marin, M.4
  • 46
    • 0031885409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and control of a lyophilization process using a mass flow controller
    • Chase D.R. Monitoring and control of a lyophilization process using a mass flow controller. Pharmaceutical Engineering 18 (1998) 11-17
    • (1998) Pharmaceutical Engineering , vol.18 , pp. 11-17
    • Chase, D.R.1
  • 48
    • 56749095343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic parameters estimation method (DPE): An advanced Manometric Temperature Measurement approach for freeze-drying monitoring of pharmaceutical solutions
    • in press
    • S.A. Velardi, V. Rasetto, A.A. Barresi, The dynamic parameters estimation method (DPE): an advanced Manometric Temperature Measurement approach for freeze-drying monitoring of pharmaceutical solutions, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, in press.
    • Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
    • Velardi, S.A.1    Rasetto, V.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 49
    • 33644752601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X.C. Tang, S.L. Nail, M.J. Pikal, Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement, a process Analytical Technology Tool for freeze-drying. Part I. Product temperature measurement, AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7 (1) (2006), 9 pp., article 14, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
    • X.C. Tang, S.L. Nail, M.J. Pikal, Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement, a process Analytical Technology Tool for freeze-drying. Part I. Product temperature measurement, AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7 (1) (2006), 9 pp., article 14, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
  • 50
    • 0032125231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic pressure rise in the drying chamber as a remote sensing method for monitoring the temperature of the product during the primary drying stage of freeze-drying
    • Liapis A.I., and Sadikoglu H. Dynamic pressure rise in the drying chamber as a remote sensing method for monitoring the temperature of the product during the primary drying stage of freeze-drying. Drying Technology 16 (1998) 1153-1171
    • (1998) Drying Technology , vol.16 , pp. 1153-1171
    • Liapis, A.I.1    Sadikoglu, H.2
  • 51
    • 56749115780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical modelling of the primary and secondary stages of bulk solution freeze-drying in trays: parameter estimation and model discrimination by comparison of theoretical results with experimental data
    • Sadikoglu H., and Liapis A.I. Mathematical modelling of the primary and secondary stages of bulk solution freeze-drying in trays: parameter estimation and model discrimination by comparison of theoretical results with experimental data. Drying Technology 13 (1997) 43-72
    • (1997) Drying Technology , vol.13 , pp. 43-72
    • Sadikoglu, H.1    Liapis, A.I.2
  • 53
    • 33646091511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical proteins in vials: modeling of freezing and sublimation steps
    • Hottot A., Peczalski R., Vessot S., and Andrieu J. Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical proteins in vials: modeling of freezing and sublimation steps. Drying Technology 24 (2006) 561-570
    • (2006) Drying Technology , vol.24 , pp. 561-570
    • Hottot, A.1    Peczalski, R.2    Vessot, S.3    Andrieu, J.4
  • 55
    • 0018701872 scopus 로고
    • Optimal control of a freeze dryer. I. Theoretical development and quasi steady-state analysis
    • Liapis A.I., and Litchfield R.J. Optimal control of a freeze dryer. I. Theoretical development and quasi steady-state analysis. Chemical Engineering Science 34 (1979) 975-981
    • (1979) Chemical Engineering Science , vol.34 , pp. 975-981
    • Liapis, A.I.1    Litchfield, R.J.2
  • 56
    • 0019924807 scopus 로고
    • Optimal control of a freeze dryer. II. Dynamic analysis
    • Litchfield R.J., and Liapis A.I. Optimal control of a freeze dryer. II. Dynamic analysis. Chemical Engineering Science 37 (1982) 45-55
    • (1982) Chemical Engineering Science , vol.37 , pp. 45-55
    • Litchfield, R.J.1    Liapis, A.I.2
  • 57
    • 25144500558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of mass and heat transfer parameters during freeze-drying cycles of pharmaceutical products
    • Hottot A., Vessot S., and Andrieu J. Determination of mass and heat transfer parameters during freeze-drying cycles of pharmaceutical products. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 59 (2005) 138-153
    • (2005) PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , vol.59 , pp. 138-153
    • Hottot, A.1    Vessot, S.2    Andrieu, J.3
  • 58
    • 18044391843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freeze-drying process design by manometric temperature measurement: design of a smart freeze-dryer
    • Tang X.C., Nail S.L., and Pikal M.J. Freeze-drying process design by manometric temperature measurement: design of a smart freeze-dryer. Pharmaceutical Research 22 (2005) 685-700
    • (2005) Pharmaceutical Research , vol.22 , pp. 685-700
    • Tang, X.C.1    Nail, S.L.2    Pikal, M.J.3
  • 59
    • 0021198926 scopus 로고
    • Mass and heat transfer in vial freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals: role of the vial
    • Pikal M.J., Roy M.L., and Shah S. Mass and heat transfer in vial freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals: role of the vial. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 73 (1984) 1224-1237
    • (1984) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.73 , pp. 1224-1237
    • Pikal, M.J.1    Roy, M.L.2    Shah, S.3
  • 60
    • 0030190595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research and development needs and opportunities in freeze-drying
    • Liapis A.I., Pikal M.J., and Bruttini R. Research and development needs and opportunities in freeze-drying. Drying Technology 14 (1996) 1265-1300
    • (1996) Drying Technology , vol.14 , pp. 1265-1300
    • Liapis, A.I.1    Pikal, M.J.2    Bruttini, R.3
  • 61
    • 68749113560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A non-linear observer for real-time monitoring and control of the freeze-drying process of pharmaceuticals in vial
    • Paris, France, May 12-13 2 pp.
    • Velardi S.A., Hammouri H., and Barresi A.A. A non-linear observer for real-time monitoring and control of the freeze-drying process of pharmaceuticals in vial. Proceedings of the AFSIA 2005 Conference. Paris, France, May 12-13 (2005) 2 pp.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the AFSIA 2005 Conference
    • Velardi, S.A.1    Hammouri, H.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 62
    • 46049114282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-line control of a freeze-drying process in vial
    • Fissore D., Velardi S.A., and Barresi A.A. In-line control of a freeze-drying process in vial. Drying Technology 26 (2008) 685-694
    • (2008) Drying Technology , vol.26 , pp. 685-694
    • Fissore, D.1    Velardi, S.A.2    Barresi, A.A.3
  • 63
    • 33846496164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X.C. Tang, S.L. Nail, M.J. Pikal, Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement (MTM), a process Analytical Technology Tool in freeze drying. Part III. Heat and mass transfer measurement, AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7 (4) (2006), 7 pp., article 97, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
    • X.C. Tang, S.L. Nail, M.J. Pikal, Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement (MTM), a process Analytical Technology Tool in freeze drying. Part III. Heat and mass transfer measurement, AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7 (4) (2006), 7 pp., article 97, http://www.aapspharmscitech.org.
  • 64
    • 68749090588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V. Rasetto, D.L. Marchisio, D. Fissore, A.A. Barresi, Model-based monitoring of a non-uniform batch in a freeze-drying process, B. Braunschweig & X. Joulia, (Eds.), in: Proceedings of 18th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, Computer-Aided Chemical Engineering Series, 25, paper FP_00210, 6 pp. Elsevier, Amsterdam, CD Edition.
    • V. Rasetto, D.L. Marchisio, D. Fissore, A.A. Barresi, Model-based monitoring of a non-uniform batch in a freeze-drying process, B. Braunschweig & X. Joulia, (Eds.), in: Proceedings of 18th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, Computer-Aided Chemical Engineering Series, vol. 25, paper FP_00210, 6 pp. Elsevier, Amsterdam, CD Edition.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.