Assessment of genotoxic risks in Croatian health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs: A multi-biomarker approach

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Volumn 212, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 414-431

  Kopjar, Nevenka ^a   Garaj Vrhovac, Verica ^a   Kašuba, Vilena ^a   Rozgaj, Ružica ^a   Ramić, Snježana ^b   Pavlica, Vesna ^b   Želježić, Davor ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH   (Croatia)

^b SESTRE MILOSRDNICE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Comet assay; Cytogenetic endpoints; Cytotoxic drugs; Genome damage; Occupational exposure

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; MUTAGENIC AGENT;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; COMET ASSAY; CROATIA; CYTOGENETICS; DNA DAMAGE; DRUG EFFECT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; GENETIC MARKER; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; LYMPHOCYTE; METHODOLOGY; MICRONUCLEUS; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; COMET ASSAY; CROATIA; CYTOGENETICS; DNA DAMAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; GENETIC MARKERS; HEALTH PERSONNEL; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTES; MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE; MICRONUCLEUS TESTS; MIDDLE AGED; MUTAGENS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67349260754     PISSN: 14384639     EISSN: 1618131X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Albertini R.J., Anderson D., Douglas G.R., Hagmar L., Hemminki K., Merlo F., Natarajan A.T., Norppa H., Shuker D.E.G., Tice R., Waters M.D., and Aitio A. ICPS guidelines for the monitoring of genotoxic effects of carcinogens in humans. Mutat. Res. 463 (2000) 111-172
2. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. ASHP guidelines on handling hazardous drugs. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 63 (2006) 1172-1193
3. Anderson D., Francis A.J., Godbert P., Jenkinson P.C., and Butterworth K.R. Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesisi in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals. Environ. Health Persp. 104 Suppl. 3 (1993) 83-88
4. Baker E.S., and Connor T.H. Monitoring occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapy drugs. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 53 (1996) 2713-2723
5. Bender M.A., Preston J., Leonard R.C., Pyatt B.E., Gooch P.C., and Shelby M.D. Chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes of a large human population sample. Mutat. Res. 204 (1988) 421-433
6. Betti C., Davini T., Gianessi L., Loprieno N., and Barale R. Microgel electrophoresis assay (comet test) and SCE analysis in human lymphocytes from 100 normal subjects. Mutat. Res. 307 (1994) 323-333
7. Bolognesi C., Abbondandolo A., Barale R., Casalone R., Dalprà L., De Ferrari M., Degrassi F., Forni A., Lamberti L., Lando C., Migliore L., Padovani P., Pasquini R., Puntoni R., Sbrana I., Stella M., and Bonassi S. Age-ralated increase of baseline frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in human lymphocytes. Cancer Epidem. Biomar. Prev. 6 (1997) 249-256
8. Bonassi S., Fontana V., Ceppi M., Barale R., and Biggeri A. Analysis of correlated data in human biomonitoring studies. The case of high sister chromatid exchange frequency cells. Mutat. Res. 438 (1999) 13-21
9. Bonassi S., Neri M., Lando C., Ceppi M., Lin Y., Chang W.P., Holland N., Kirsch-Volders M., Zieger E., Fenech M., and The HUMN Collaborative Group. Effect of smoking habit on the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes: results from the Human MicroNucleus project. Mutat. Res. 543 (2003) 155-166
10. Brumen V., and Horvat D. Work environment influence on cytostatics-induced genotoxicity in oncologic nurses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 30 (1996) 67-71
11. Burgaz S., Karahalil B., Canhi Z., Terzioglu F., Ancel G., Anzion R.B., Bos R.P., and Huttner E. Assessment of genotoxic damage in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastics by the analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 21 (2002) 129-135
12. Carrano A.V., and Moore D.H. The rationale and methodology for quantifying sister chromatid exchange in humans. In: Heddle J.A. (Ed). Mutagenicity: New Horizons in Genetic Toxicology (1982), Academic Press, New York 267-304
13. Cavallo D., Ursini C.L., Omodeo-Salè E., and Iavicoli S. Micronucleus induction and FISH analysis in buccal cells and lymphocytes of nurses administering antineoplastic drugs. Mutat. Res. 628 (2007) 11-18
14. Connor T., and Mc Diarmid M. Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic agents in health care settings. CA-Cancer J. Clin. 56 (2006) 354-365
15. Connor T.H., Anderson R.W., Sessink P.J., Broadfield L., and Power L.A. Surface contamination with antineoplastic agents in six cancer treatment centers in Canada and United States. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 56 (1999) 1427-1432
16. Cornetta T., Padua L., Testa A., Ievoli E., Festa F., Tranfo G., Baccelliere L., and Cozzi R. Molecular biomonitoring of a population of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Mutat. Res. 638 (2008) 75-82
17. Crauste-Manciet S., Sessink P.J.M., Ferrari S., Jomier J.-Y., and Brossard D. Environmental contamination with cytotoxic drugs in healthcare using positive air pressure isolators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 49 (2005) 619-628
18. Dubeau H., Zazi W., Baron C., and Messing K. Effects of lymphocyte subpopulations on the clonal assay of HPRT mutants: occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs. Mutat. Res. 321 (1994) 147-157
19. ESOP, 2006. Survey on the production and preparation of cytostatic drugs. Available from 〈http://www.esop.li/downloads/Questionnaire-Eu.pdf〉, accessed May 2, 2006.
20. Falck K., Gröhn P., and Sorsa M. Mutagenicity in urine of nurses handling cytostatic drugs. Lancet 1 (1979) 1250-1251
21. Fenech M. Important variables that influence base-line micronucleus frequency in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes - a biomarker for DNA in human populations. Mutat. Res. 404 (1998) 155-165
22. Fenech M., and Morley A.A. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mutat. Res. 147 (1985) 29-36
23. Fenech M., Chang W.P., Kirsch-Volders M., Holland N., Bonassi S., and Zeiger E. HUMN project: detailed description of the scoring criteria for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using isolated human lymphocyte cultures. Mutat. Res. 534 (2003) 65-75
24. Fransman W., Vermuelen R., and Kromhout H. Occupationel dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide in Dutch hospitals: a pilot study. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 48 (2004) 237-244
25. Frenzilli G., Betti C., Davini T., Desideri M., Fornai E., Giannessi L., Maggiorelli F., Paoletti P., and Barale R. Evaluation of DNA damage in leukocytes of ex-smokers by single cell gel electrophoresis. Mutat. Res. 375 (1997) 117-123
26. Fuchs J., Hengstler J.G., Jung D., Hiltl G., Konietzko J., and Oesch F. DNA damage in nurses handling antineoplastic agents. Mutat. Res. 342 (1995) 17-23
27. Fučić A., Jazbec A., Mijić A., Šešo-Šimić D., and Tomek R. Cytogenetic consequences after occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Mutat. Res. 416 (1998) 59-66
28. Grummt T., Grummt H.J., and Schott G. Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of nurses and physicians handling antineoplastic drugs. Mutat. Res. 302 (1993) 19-24
29. Hagmar L., Bonassi S., Strömberg U., Mikoczy Z., Lando C., Hansten I.-L., Huici Montagud A., Knudsen L., Norppa H., Reuterwall C., Tinnerberg H., Brøgger A., Forni A., Högstedt B., Lambert B., Mitelman F., Nordenson I., Salomaa S., and Skerfving S. Cancer predictive value of cytogenetic markers used in occupational health surrveilance programs: a report from an ongoing study by the European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health. Mutat. Res. 405 (1998) 171-178
30. Hellman B., Vaghef H., Friis L., and Edling C. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments in biomonitoring for genotoxicity: an introductory study on healthy human volunteers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 69 (1997) 185-192
31. Hessel H., Radon K., Pethran A., Maisch B., Grobmair S., Sautter I., and Fruhmann G. The genotoxic risk of hospital, pharmacy and medical personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs-evaluation by the micronucleus assay. Mutat. Res. 497 (2001) 101-109
32. Hirsch B.A., Sentz K.K., and McGue M. Genetic and environmental influences on baseline SCE. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 20 (1992) 2-11
33. International Atomic Energy Agency, 2001. Technical Report Series 405, Cytogenetic Analysis for Radiation Dose Assessment. IAEA, Vienna.
34. Ivičić N., Prejac J., Kopjar N., and Momčilović B. The sister chromatid exchange rate is inversely related to the Se, Sr, Mn, Cu, and Be trace element nutritional status. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 21 S1 (2007) 74-76
35. Kassie F., Parzefall W., and Knasmüller S. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: a new technique for human biomonitoring studies. Mutat. Res. 463 (2000) 13-31
36. Kašuba V., Šentija K., Garaj-Vrhovac V., and Fučić A. Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from control individuals. Mutat. Res. 346 (1995) 187-193
37. Kašuba V., Rozgaj R., and Garaj-Vrhovac V. Analysis of sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of murses handling cytostatic drugs. J. Appl. Toxicol. 19 (1999) 401-404
38. Kevekordes S., Gebel T.W., Hellwig M., and Dames Dunkelberg H. Human effect monitoring in cases of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs: a method comparison. Occup. Environ. Med. 55 (1998) 145-149
39. Kopjar N., and Garaj-Vrhovac V. Application of the alkaline comet assay in human biomonitoring for genotoxicity: a study on Croatian medical personnel handling antineoplastic drugs. Mutagenesis 16 (2001) 71-78
40. Kopjar N., Milas I., Garaj-Vrhovac V., and Gamulin M. Alkaline comet assay study with breast cancer patients: evaluation of baseline and chemotherapy-induced DNA damage in non-target cells. Clin. Exp. Med. 6 (2006) 177-190
41. Laffon B., Teixeira J.P., Silva S., Loureiro J., Torres J., Pásaro E., Méndez J., and Mayan O. Genotoxic effects in a population of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs, and relationship with genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48 (2006) 128-136
42. Lamberti L., Bigatti Ponzetto P., and Ardito G. Cell kinetics and sister-chromatid exchange frequency in human lymphocytes. Mutat. Res. 120 (1983) 193-199
43. Latt S., Allen J., Bloom S.E., Carrano A., Falke E., Kram D., Schneider E., Schreck R., Tice R., Whitfield B., and Wollf S. Sister chromatid exchanges: a report of the Gene-Tox Program. Mutat. Res. 87 (1981) 17-62
44. 0 exposure to mitomycin C in vitro vs. in vivo. Mutat. Res. 67 (1979) 259-269
45. Maluf S.W., and Erdtmann B. Follow-up study of the genetic damage in lymphocytes of pharmacists and nurses handling antineoplastic drugs evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronuclei analysis and single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutat. Res. 471 (2000) 21-27
46. Mendoza-Núñez V.M., Sánchez-Rodríguez M.A., Retana-Ugalde R., Vargas-Guadarrama L.A., and Altamirano-Lozano M.A. Total antioxidant levels, gender, and age as risk factors for DNA damage in lymphocytes of the elderly. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 (2001) 835-847
47. Milković-Kraus S., and Horvat D. Chromosomal abnormalities among nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 19 (1991) 771-774
48. Miyamae Y., Zaizen K., Ohara K., Mine Y., and Sasaki Y.F. Detection of DNA lesions induced by chemical mutagens by the single cell electrophoresis (Comet) assay 1. Relationship between the onset of DNA damage and the characteristics of mutagens. Mutat. Res. 415 (1998) 229-235
49. Moretti M., Villarini M., Scassellati Sforzilini G., and Pasquini R. Pesticide-induced primary DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of farm workers evaluated by the computerized "comet" assay. Biomarkers 5 (2000) 192-204
50. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2004. NIOSH alert: preventing occupational exposure to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care settings. Available from 〈http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-165〉 accessed December 2, 2004.
51. Norppa H., and Falck G.C.M. What do human micronuclei contain?. Mutagenesis 18 (2003) 221-233
52. Norppa H., Bonassi S., Hansteen I.-L., Hagmar L., Strömberg U., Rössner P., Boffeta P., Lindholm C., Gundy S., Lazutka J., Cebulska-Wasilewska A., Fabianoca E., Šram R.J., Knudsen L.E., Barale R., and Fučić A. Chromosomal aberrations and SCEs as biomarkers of cancer risk. Mutat. Res. 600 (2006) 37-45
53. Olive P., and Banáth J.P. Sizing highly fragmented DNA in individual apoptotic cells using the comet assay and a DNA crosslinking agent. Exp. Cell Res. 221 (1995) 19-26
54. OSHA. Office of Occupational Medicine, 1986. Work Practice Guidelines for Personnel Dealing with Cytotoxic (Antineoplastic) Drugs. US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Instruction Publication 8-1.1, Washington, DC.
55. OSHA, 1995. US Department of Labor. OSHA Technical Manual, Section VI. Controlling occupational exposure to hazardous drugs. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington DC (Chapter 2).
56. Perry P., and Wolff S. New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature 261 (1974) 156-158
57. Pilger A., Kohler I., Stettner H., Mader R.M., Rizovski B., Terkola R., Diem E., Franz-Hainzl E., Konnaris C., Valic E., and Rudiger H.W. Long-term monitoring of sister chromatid exchanges and micronucleus frequencies in pharmacy personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 73 (2000) 442-448
58. Piperakis S.M., Visvardis E.E., and Tassiou A.M. Comet assay for nuclear DNA damage. Methods. Enzymol. 300 (1999) 184-194
59. Poli P., Buschini A., Spaggiari A., Rizzoli V., Carlo-Stella C., and Rossi C. DNA damage by tobacco smoke and some antiblastid drugs evaluated using the Comet assay. Toxicol. Lett. 108 (1999) 267-276
60. Ponzanelli I., Landi S., Bernacchi F., and Barale R. The nature of high frequency sister chromatid exchange cells (HFCs). Mutagenesis 12 (1997) 329-333
61. QuapoS 3, 2003. Quality standard for the oncology pharmacy service; with commentary; as the result of the 11th German Conference for Oncology Pharmacy Sciences (NZW), vol. 4. Onko-Press, Oldenburg.
62. Ritchie M.A., Mc Adams C., and Fritz N. Exposure risk in the handling and administration of chemotherapy agents: a review and synthesis of the literature. Online J. Knowl. Synth. Nurs. 7 (1999) 1-10
63. Şardaş S., Gök S., and Karakaya A.E. Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Toxicol. Lett. 55 (1991) 311-315
64. Singh N.P., McCoy M.T., Tice R.R., and Schneider L.L. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res. 175 (1988) 184-191
65. Singh N.P., Danner D.B., Tice R.R., Brant L., Morrel C.H., and Schneider E.L. Basal DNA damage in individual human lymphocytes with age. Mutat. Res. 256 (1991) 1-6
66. Skov T., Maarup B., Olsen J., Rorth M., Winterhereik H., and Lynge E. Leukemia and reproductive outcome among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Br. J. Ind. Med. 49 (1992) 855-861
67. Spatari G., Fenga C., Minciullo P.L., Di Pasquale G., Cacciola A., Ventura-Spagnolo E., and Gangemi S. Modification of interleukin-15 serum levels in workers exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. Mediat. Inflamm. 1 (2005) 60-62
68. Stephan G., and Pressl S. Chromosomal aberration in peripheral lymphocytes from healthy subjects as detected in first cell division. Mutat. Res. 446 (1999) 231-237
69. Thiringer G., Granung G., Holmén A., Högstedt B., Järvholm B., Jönsson D., Persson L., Wahlström J., and Westin J. Comparison of methods for the biomonitoring of nurses handling antitumor drugs. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 17 (1991) 133-138
70. Tucker J.D., and Preston R.J. Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, aneuploidy, sister chromatid exchanges, and cancer risk assessment. Mutat. Res. 365 (1996) 147-159
71. Ündeger U., Basaran N., Kars A., and Guc D. Assessment of DNA damage in nurses handling antineoplastic drugs by alkaline comet assay. Mutat. Res. 439 (1999) 277-285
72. Vainio H., and Sorsa M. Role of cytogenetic surveillance to assess exposure to carcinogens. In: Tardiff R.G., and Goldstein B. (Eds). Methods for Assessing Exposure of Human and Non-human Biota (1979), Wiley, New York 309-322
73. Valanis B., Vollmer W.M., Labuhn K.T., and Glass A.G. Acute symptoms associated with antineoplastic drug handling among nurses. Cancer Nurs. 16 (1993) 288-295
74. Wojewódzka M., Kruszewski M., Iwanenko T., Collins A.R., and Szumiel I. Application of the comet assay for monitoring DNA damage in workers exposed to chronic low-dose irradiation. I. Strand breakage. Mutat. Res. 416 (1998) 21-35
75. Wojewódzka M., Kruszewski M., Iwanenko T., Collins A.R., and Szumiel I. Lack of adverse effect of smoking habit on DNA strand breakage and base damage, as revealed by the alkaline comet assay. Mutat. Res. 440 (1999) 19-25