Prevention effects moderate the association of 5-HTTLPR and youth risk behavior initiation: Gene × environment hypotheses tested via a randomized prevention design

Child Development

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 645-661

  Brody, Gene H ^a   Beach, Steven R H ^a   Philibert, Robert A ^b   Chen, Yi Fu ^a   Murry, Velma McBride ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RURAL POPULATION; UNITED STATES;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; CAREGIVERS; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; GEORGIA; HUMANS; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MALE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK-TAKING; RURAL POPULATION; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS;

EID: 66149175796     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: 14678624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01288.x     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Ackerman, S., Zuroff, D. C. Moskowitz, D. S. (2000). Generativity in midlife and young adults: Links to agency, communion, and subjective well-being. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 50, 17 41. (Pubitemid 30155240)
2. Auerbach, J. G., Faroy, M., Ebstein, R., Kahana, M. Levine, J. (2001). The association of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) with temperament in 12-month-old infants. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42, 777 783. (Pubitemid 32851127)
3. Boatright, S. R. Bachtel, D. C. (1999). The Georgia county guide (18th ed.). Athens : University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service.
4. Bradley, S. L., Dodelzon, K., Sandhu, H. K. Philibert, R. A. (2005). Relationship of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and haplotypes to mRNA transcription. American Journal of Medical Genetics: Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 136, 58 61. (Pubitemid 40917529)
5. Brody, G. H., Beach, S. R. H., Philibert, R. A., Chen, Y.-f., Lei, M.-K., Murry, V. M., et al. (2009). Parenting moderates a genetic vulnerability factor on longitudinal increases in youths' substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1 11.
6. Brody, G. H., Chen, Y.-f., Murry, V. M., Ge, X., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., et al. (2006). Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: A five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects. Child Development, 77, 1170 1189.
7. Brody, G. H., Flor, D. L., Hollett-Wright, N. McCoy, J. K. (1998). Children's development of alcohol use norms: Contributions of parent and sibling norms, children's temperaments, and parent-child discussions. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 209 219.
8. Brody, G. H. Ge, X. (2001). Linking parenting processes and self-regulation to psychological functioning and alcohol use during early adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 82 94. (Pubitemid 33394921)
9. Brody, G. H., Ge, X., Conger, R., Gibbons, F. X., Murry, V. M., Gerrard, M., et al. (2001). The influence of neighborhood disadvantage, collective socialization, and parenting on African American children's affiliation with deviant peers. Child Development, 72, 1231 1246. (Pubitemid 33654555)
10. Brody, G. H., Ge, X., Katz, J. Arias, I. (2000). A longitudinal analysis of internalization of parental alcohol use norms and adolescent alcohol use. Applied Developmental Science, 4, 71 79.
11. Brody, G. H., Ge, X., Kim, S. Y., Murry, V. M., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., et al. (2003). Neighborhood disadvantage moderates associations of parenting and older sibling problem attitudes and behavior with conduct disorders in African American children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 211 222. (Pubitemid 36323926)
12. Brody, G. H., Kogan, S. M., Chen, Y.-f. Murry, V. M. (2008). Long-term effects of the Strong African American Families Program on youths' conduct problems. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 474 481.
13. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Chen, Y.-f., Kogan, S. M. Brown, A. C. (2006). Effects of family risk factors on dosage and efficacy of a family-centered preventive intervention for rural African Americans. Prevention Science, 7, 281 291.
14. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., McNair, L., Brown, A. C., et al. (2006). The Strong African American Families Program: Prevention of youths' high-risk behavior and a test of a model of change. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 1 11.
15. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Molgaard, V., McNair, L., et al. (2004). The Strong African American Families Program: Translating research into prevention programming. Child Development, 75, 900 917. (Pubitemid 39080386)
16. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Kogan, S. M., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Molgaard, V., et al. (2006). The Strong African American Families Program: A cluster-randomized prevention trial of long-term effects and a mediational model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 356 366. (Pubitemid 43807367)
17. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., McNair, L., Chen, Y.-f., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., et al. (2005). Linking changes in parenting to parent-child relationship quality and youth self-control: The Strong African American Families Program. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15, 47 69. (Pubitemid 40390626)
18. Brody, G. H., Stoneman, Z., Flor, D. McCrary, C. (1994). Religion's role in organizing family relationships: Family process in rural, two-parent African American families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 878 888.
19. Brody, G. H., Stoneman, Z., Flor, D., McCrary, C., Hastings, L. Conyers, O. (1994). Financial resources, parent psychological functioning, parent co-caregiving, and early adolescent competence in rural two-parent African-American families. Child Development, 65, 590 605.
20. Brook, J. S. Newcomb, M. D. (1995). Childhood aggression and unconventionality: Impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156, 393 410.
21. Burt, A. (2006, July). Genes, rule-breaking, and popularity: Identification of an evocative rGE. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, Storrs, CT.
22. Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., et al. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386 389. (Pubitemid 36877077)
23. Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J. Pierce, J. P. (2001). Determining the probability of future smoking among adolescents. Addiction, 96, 313 323. (Pubitemid 32154493)
24. Covault, J., Tennen, H., Armeli, S., Conner, T. S., Herman, A. I., Cillessen, A. H. N., et al. (2007). Interactive effects of the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and stressful life events on college student drinking and drug use. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 609 616. (Pubitemid 46328860)
25. Dick, D. M., Plunkett, J., Hamlin, D., Nurnberger, J., Kuperman, S., Schuckit, M., et al. (2007). Association analyses of the serotonin transporter gene with lifetime depression and alcohol dependence in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample. Psychiatric Genetics, 17, 35 38.
26. DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Sionean, C., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., et al. (2001). Parental monitoring: Association with adolescents' risk behaviors. Pediatrics, 107, 1363 1368. (Pubitemid 32525217)
27. Disotell, T. R. (2000). Human genomic variation. Genome Biology, 1 (5 2004.1 2004.3.
28. Eley, T. C., Sugden, K., Corsico, A., Gregory, A. M., Sham, P., McGuffin, P., et al. (2004). Gene-environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression. Molecular Psychiatry, 9, 908 915. (Pubitemid 39381955)
29. Ge, X., Brody, G. H., Conger, R. D., Simons, R. L. Murry, V. M. (2002). Contextual amplification of pubertal transition effects on deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior among African American children. Developmental Psychology, 38, 42 54.
30. Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Cleveland, M. J. Wills, T. A. (2006). A theory-based dual-focus alcohol intervention for preadolescents: The Strong African American Families Program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 185 195. (Pubitemid 44060348)
31. Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X. Gano, M. (2003). Adolescents' risk perceptions and behavioral willingness: Implications for intervention. In D. Romer (Ed Reducing adolescent risk: Toward an integrated approach (pp. 75 81). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
32. Gillespie, N. A., Whitfield, J. B., Williams, B., Heath, A. C. Morton, N. (2005). The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPR) genotype and major depression. Psychological Medicine, 35, 101 111. (Pubitemid 40201920)
33. Grabe, H. J., Lange, M., Wolff, B., Völzke, H., Lucht, M., Freyberger, H. J., et al. (2005). Mental and physical distress is modulated by a polymorphism in the 5-HT transporter gene interacting with social stressors and chronic disease burden. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 220 224. (Pubitemid 40188517)
34. Hariri, A. R., Drabant, E. M., Munoz, K. E., Kolachana, B. S., Mattay, V. S., Egan, M. F., et al. (2005). A susceptibility gene for affective disorders and the response of the human amygdala. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 146 152. (Pubitemid 40189130)
35. Headley, B. Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 731 739.
36. Heinz, A., Smolka, M. N., Braus, D. F., Wrase, J., Beck, A., Flor, H., et al. (2007). Serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR): Effects of neutral and undefined conditions on amygdala activation. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 1011 1014. (Pubitemid 46482463)
37. Herman, A., Philbeck, J., Vassilopoulos, N. Depetrillo, P. (2003). Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and differences in alcohol consumption behavior in a college student population. Alcohol, 38, 446 449. (Pubitemid 37063388)
38. Hughes, D. Johnson, D. (2001). Correlates in children's experiences of parents' racial socialization behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 981 995.
39. Institute of Medicine 1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research. Washington, DC : National Academy Press.
40. Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G. Schulenberg, J. E. (2004). Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2003 (NIH Publication No. 04-5506). Bethesda, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse.
41. Kaufman, J., Yang, B.-Z., Douglas-Palumberi, H., Crouse-Artus, M., Lipschitz, D., Krystal, J. H., et al. (2007). Genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 1228 1234. (Pubitemid 46726258)
42. Kaufman, J., Yang, B. Z., Douglas-Palumberi, H., Houshyar, S., Lipschitz, D., Krystal, J. H., et al. (2004). Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 101, 17316 17321. (Pubitemid 39627817)
43. Kendler, K. S. Eaves, L. (1986). Models for the joint effect of genotype and environment on liability to psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 279 289. (Pubitemid 16034085)
44. Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O. Prescott, C. A. (2003). Personality and the experience of environmental adversity. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1193 1202. (Pubitemid 37265209)
45. Kendler, K. S., Kuhn, J. W., Vittum, J., Prescott, C. A. Riley, B. (2005). The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression: A replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 529 535. (Pubitemid 40628882)
46. Keppel, G. (1982). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall.
47. Kirk, R. E. (1982). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Monterey, CA : Brooks/Cole.
48. Kotchick, B. A., Dorsey, S., Miller, K. S. Forehand, R. (1999). Adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior in single-parent ethnic minority families. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 93 102.
49. Kreek, M. J., Nielsen, D. A., Butelman, E. R. LaForge, K. S. (2005). Genetic influences on impulsivity, risk taking, stress responsivity and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1450 1457. (Pubitemid 41573655)
50. Kreek, M. J., Nielsen, D. A. LaForge, K. S. (2004). Genes associated with addiction: Alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. Neuromolecular Medicine, 5, 85 108. (Pubitemid 38391959)
51. Lerman, C., Patterson, F. Shields, P. (2003). Genetic basis for substance use and dependence: Implications for prevention in high-risk youth. Philadelphia, PA : Sage.
52. Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In D. Cicchetti D. J. Cohen (Eds Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 739 795). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley.
53. Manuck, S. B., Flory, J. D., Ferrell, R. E. Muldoon, M. F. (2004). Socio-economic status covaries with central nervous system serotonergic responsivity as a function of allelic variation in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 5, 651 668. (Pubitemid 38369168)
54. McClelland, G. H. Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376 390.
55. Mezzich, A. C., Tarter, R. E., Giancola, P. R., Lu, S., Kirisci, L. Parks, S. (1997). Substance use and risky behavior in female adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 44, 157 166. (Pubitemid 27129509)
56. Miller, K. S., Kotchick, B. A., Dorsey, S., Forehand, R. Ham, A. Y. (1998). Family communication about sex: What are parents saying and are their adolescents listening? Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 218 235.
57. Miller, W. R. Brown, J. M. (1991). Self-regulation as a conceptual basis for the prevention of addictive behaviors. In N. Heather, W. R. Miller J. Greely (Eds Self-control and the addictive behaviors (pp. 3 79). Sydney, Australia : Maxwell MacMillan.
58. Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A. Rutter, M. (2006). Measured gene-environment interactions in psychopathology: Concepts, research strategies, and implications for research, intervention, and public understanding of genetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 5 27.
59. Munato, M., Lingford-Hughes, A., Johnstone, E. Walton, R. (2005). Association between the serotonin transporter gene and alcohol consumption in social drinkers. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 135B, 10 14. (Pubitemid 40577848)
60. Murry, V. M. Brody, G. H. (2004). Partnering with community stakeholders: Engaging rural African American families in basic research and the Strong African American Families preventive intervention program. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30, 271 283. (Pubitemid 38904289)
61. Murry, V. M., Brody, G. H., McNair, L., Luo, Z., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., et al. (2005). Parental involvement promotes rural African American youths' self-pride and sexual self-concepts. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 627 642.
62. Muthén, L. K. Muthén, B. O. (2007). Mplus user's guide (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA : Authors.
63. National Institute of Mental Health. (1998). Priorities for prevention research (NIH Publication No. 98-4321). Bethesda, MD : Author.
64. Nilsson, K. W., Sjöberg, R. L., Damberg, M., Alm, P. O., Öhrvik, J., Leppert, J., et al. (2005). Role of the serotonin transporter gene and family function in adolescent alcohol consumption. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 564 570. (Pubitemid 40547859)
65. Offord, D. R., Kraemer, H. C., Kazdin, A. E., Jensen, P. S. Harrington, R. (1998). Lowering the burden of suffering from child psychiatric disorder: Trade-offs among clinical, targeted, and universal interventions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 686 694. (Pubitemid 28304531)
66. Patrick, D. L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D. C., Diehr, P., Koepsell, T. Kinne, S. (1994). The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1086 1093. (Pubitemid 24242478)
67. Perrino, T., González-Soldevilla, A., Pantin, H. Szapocznik, J. (2000). The role of families in adolescent HIV prevention: A review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 81 96.
68. Philibert, R. A., Zadorozhnyaya, O., Beach, S. R. H. Brody, G. H. (2008). A comparison of the genotyping results using DNA obtained from blood and saliva. Psychiatric Genetics, 18, 275 281.
69. Propper, C. Moore, G. A. (2006). The influence of parenting on infant emotionality: A multilevel psychobiological perspective. Developmental Review, 26, 427 460.
70. Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disturbance. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598 611. (Pubitemid 16175701)
71. Rutter, M. (2005). Environmentally mediated risks for psychopathology: Research strategies and findings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 3 18. (Pubitemid 40019195)
72. Rutter, M. (2007). Proceeding from observed correlation to causal inference: The use of natural experiments. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 377 395.
73. Rutter, M., Dunn, J., Plomin, R., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., et al. (1997). Integrating nature and nurture: Implications of person-environment correlations and interactions for developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 335 364. (Pubitemid 127440333)
74. Rutter, M. Silberg, J. (2002). Gene-environment interplay in relation to emotional and behavioral disturbance. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 463 490.
75. Sanford, M., Offord, D., McLeod, K., Boyle, M., Byrne, C. Hall, B. (1994). Pathways into the work force: Antecedents of school and work force status. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1036 1046. (Pubitemid 24273912)
76. Singer, J. D. Willet, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York : Oxford University Press.
77. Sjöberg, R. L., Nilsson, K. W., Nordquist, N., Öhrvik, J., Leppert, J., Lindström, L., et al. (2006). Development of depression: Sex and the interaction between environment and a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, 443 449. (Pubitemid 43979704)
78. Suomi, S. J. (2004). How gene-environment interactions shape biobehavioral development: Lessons from the study of rhesus monkeys. Research in Human Development, 1, 205 222.
79. Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Willis-Owen, S. A. G., Luben, R., Day, N. E. Flint, J. (2006). Social adversity, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 224 229. (Pubitemid 43208968)
80. Taylor, S. E., Way, B. M., Welch, W. T., Hilmert, C. J., Lehman, B. J. Eisenberger, N. I. (2006). Early family environment, current adversity, the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism, and depressive symptomatology. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 671 676. (Pubitemid 44427767)
81. Van Etten, M. L. Anthony, J. C. (1999). Comparative epidemiology of initial drug opportunities and transitions to first use: Marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 54, 117 125. (Pubitemid 29114990)
82. Wilhelm, K., Mitchell, P. B., Niven, H., Finch, A., Wedgwood, L., Scimone, A., et al. (2006). Life events, first depression onset and the serotonin transporter gene. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 210 215. (Pubitemid 43341646)
83. Wills, T. A., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M. Brody, G. H. (2000). Protection and vulnerability processes relevant for early onset of substance use: A test among African American children. Health Psychology, 19, 253 263.
84. Wills, T. A., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Murry, V. M. Brody, G. H. (2003). Family communication and religiosity related to substance use and sexual behavior in early adolescence: A test for pathways through self-control and prototype perceptions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 312 323. (Pubitemid 37509919)
85. Windle, M. Windle, R. C. (2001). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among middle adolescents: Prospective associations and intrapersonal and interpersonal influences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 215 226. (Pubitemid 32488281)
86. Zalsman, G., Huang, Y.-y., Oquendo, M. A., Burke, A. K., Hu, X.-z., Brent, D. A., et al. (2006). Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1588 1593. (Pubitemid 44465760)