Orthography and the Development of Reading Processes: An Eye-Movement Study of Chinese and English

Child Development

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 720-735

  Feng, Gary ^a   Miller, Kevin ^b   Shu, Hua ^c   Zhang, Houcan ^c  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CHILD; CHINA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE TEST; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; READING; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; AWARENESS; CHILD; CHINA; EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE TESTS; MALE; READING; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 66149163337     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: 14678624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01293.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Andrews, S., Miller, B. Rayner, K. (2004). Eye movements and morphological segmentation of compound words: There is a mouse in mousetrap. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 285 311. (Pubitemid 38133679)
2. Bertram, R. Hyona, J. (2003). The length of a complex word modifies the role of morphological structure: Evidence from eye movements when reading short and long Finnish compounds. Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 615 634. (Pubitemid 36515596)
3. Buswell, G. T. (1922). Fundamental reading habits: A study of their development (Vol. 21). Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
4. Carver, R. P. (1990). Reading rate: A review of research and theory. San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
5. Chen, H.-C., Song, H., Lau, W. Y., Wong, K. F. E. Tang, S. L. (2003). Developmental characteristics of eye movements in reading chinese. In C. McBride-Chang H.-C. Chen (Eds Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 157 170). Westport, CT : Praeger.
6. DeFrancis, J. (1989). Visible speech: The diverse oneness of writing systems. Honolulu : University of Hawaii.
7. Everson, M. E. (1986). The effect of word-unit spacing upon the reading strategies of native and non-native readers of Chinese: An eye-tracking study. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus.
8. Feng, G. (2006a). Eye movements as time-series random variables: A stochastic model of eye movement control in reading. Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 70 95. (Pubitemid 43040299)
9. Feng, G. (2006b). Eye movements in Chinese reading. In P. Li, L. Tan, E. Bates O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds Handbook for East Asian psycholinguistics Vol. 1, pp. 187 194). Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
10. Feng, G. (2008). Orthography and eye movements: The paraorthographic linkage hypothesis. In K. Rayner, D. Shen, X. Bai G. Yan (Eds Cognitive and cultural influences on eye movements (pp. 395 420). Tianjin, China : Tianjin People's Press/Psychology Press.
11. Feng, G., Miller, K., Shu, H. Zhang, H. (2001). Rowed to recovery: The use of phonological and orthographic information in reading Chinese and English. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 27, 1079 1100. (Pubitemid 33683973)
12. Findlay, J. M. Walker, R. (1999). A model of saccade generation based on parallel processing and competitive inhibition. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22, 661 721.
13. Fischer, B., Biscaldi, M. Gezeck, S. (1997). On the development of voluntary and reflexive components in human saccade generation. Brain Research, 754, 285 297. (Pubitemid 27170278)
14. Gray, W. S. (1956). The teaching of reading and writing; an international survey. Paris : UNESCO.
15. Hoosain, R. (1991). Psycholinguistic implications for linguistic relativity: A case study of Chinese. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
16. Hyona, J., Bertram, R. Pollatsek, A. (2004). Are long compound words identified serially via their constituents? Evidence from an eye-movement-contingent display change study. Memory and Cognition, 32, 523 532. (Pubitemid 39296285)
17. Inhoff, A. W. Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20 34. (Pubitemid 128457453)
18. Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R. Heller, D. (2000). Complex compounds in German: Interword spaces facilitate segmentation but hinder assignment of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 23 50.
19. Judd, C. H., Gray, W. S., Gray, C. T., McLaughlin, K., Schmitt, C. Gilliland, A. R. (1918). Reading: Its nature and development. Chicago : University Chicago Press.
20. Kail, R. (1986). Sources of age differences in speed of processing. Child Development, 57, 969 987.
21. Klein, C. Foerster, F. (2001). Development of prosaccade and antisaccade task performance in participants aged 6 to 26 years. Psychophysiology, 38, 179 189. (Pubitemid 32267760)
22. Kliegl, R. M., Olson, R. K. Davidson, B. J. (1982). Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes: Comment on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory. Memory & Cognition, 10, 1287 1296.
23. Liu, Y., Tan, Q. Shen, X. (1993). Xinxi Chuli Yong Xiandai Hanyu Fenci Guifan [Modern Chinese word segmentation rules for information processing purposes]. Beijing, China : China Standard Press.
24. Liu, I. M., Yeh, J. S., Wang, L. H. Chang, Y. K. (1974). Effects of arranging Chinese words as units on reading efficiency. Acta Psychologica Taiwanica, 16, 25 32.
25. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D. Zola, D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research, 28, IN1 IN2.
26. McConkie, G. W. Rayner, K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics, 17, 578 586.
27. McConkie, G. W., Zola, D., Grimes, J., Kerr, P. W., Bryant, N. R. Wolff, P. M. (1991). Children's eye movements during reading. In J. F. Stein (Ed Vision and visual dyslexia (pp. 251 262). London : Macmillan.
28. Miles, W. R. Shen, E. (1925). Photographic recording of eye movements in the reading of Chinese in vertical and horizontal axes: Method and preliminary results. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8, 344 362.
29. Miller, K. F., Chen, S.-Y. Zhang, S. (2007). Where the words are: Judgments of words, phrases and syllables by speakers of Chinese and English. Unpublished manuscript.
30. Morris, R. K., Rayner, K. Pollatsek, A. (1990). Eye movement guidance in reading: The role of parafoveal letter and space information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 268 281.
31. Nagy, W. E., Anderson, R. C. Herman, P. A. (1987). Learning word meanings from context during normal reading. American Educational Research Journal, 24, 237 270.
32. Peng, D. L., Orchard, L. N. Stern, J. A. (1983). Evaluation of eye movement variables of Chinese and American readers. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 18, 94 102.
33. Rayner, K. (1986). Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41, 211 236.
34. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372 422. (Pubitemid 128461792)
35. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C. Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: A comparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1188 1200. (Pubitemid 126418449)
36. Reichle, E. D. Perfetti, C. A. (2003). Morphology in word identification: A word-experience model that accounts for morpheme frequency effects. Scientific Studies of Reading, 7, 219 237.
37. Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L. Rayner, K. (1998). Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125 157. (Pubitemid 128459561)
38. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K. Pollatsek, A. (2003). The E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26, 445 476. (Pubitemid 38372358)
39. Seymour, P. H. K., Aro, M. Erskine, J. M. (2003). Foundation literacy acquisition in European orthographies. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 143 174. (Pubitemid 37189312)
40. Shu, H., Chen, X., Anderson, R. C., Wu, N. Xuan, Y. (2003). Properties of school Chinese: Implications for learning to read. Child Development, 74, 27 47. (Pubitemid 37244586)
41. Stevenson, H. W., Lee, S.-y., Chen, C., Stigler, J. W., Hsu, C. C. Kitamura, S. (1990). Contexts of achievement: A study of American, Chinese, and Japanese children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 55.
42. Sun, F. Feng, D. (1999). Eye movements in reading Chinese and English text. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff H.-C. Chen (Eds Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 189 206). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
43. Sun, F., Morita, M. Stark, L. W. (1985). Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English. Perception & Psychophysics, 37, 502 506. (Pubitemid 15242826)
44. Taylor, S. E. (1965). Eye movements in reading: Facts and fallacies. American Educational Research Journal, 2, 187 202.
45. Treiman, R., Weatherston, S. Berch, D. (1994). The role of letter names in children's learning of phoneme-grapheme relations. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15, 97 122.
46. Tsai, J. L., Lee, C. Y., Hung, D. L. Tzeng, O. J. L. (2001, August). Eye movement guidance without word space: the preferred landing location in reading Chinese text. Paper presented at the European Conference on Eye Movements, Finland.
47. Tsai, C. H. McConkie, G. W. (1995). The perceptual span in reading Chinese text: A moving window study. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Other Asian Languages, Hong Kong.
48. Tsai, J. L. McConkie, G. W. (2003). Where do Chinese readers send their eyes? In J. Hyona, R. Radach H. Deubel (Eds The mind's eyes: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movements (pp. 159 176). Amsterdam : North-Holland/ Elsevier.
49. Tsai, J. L., Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L. Yen, N. S. (2000). The perceptual span in reading Chinese passages: A moving window study of eye movement contingent display. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Chinese Psychology Association, Taipei, Taiwan.
50. Twain, M. (1997). The awful German language: Appendix D in A tramp abroad. New York : Penguin. (Original work published 1880)
51. Venezky, R. L. (1999). The American way of spelling: The structure and origins of American English orthography. New York : Guilford.
52. Wang, L. (2003). Hanyu Ci de Shehui Yuyanxue Yanjiu [A sociolinguistic study on Chinese words]. Beijing : Shangwu Press.
53. Yang, H. M. (1994). Word perception and eye movements in Chinese reading. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
54. Yang, H.-M. McConkie, G. W. (1994). Eye movement control in Chinese reading. Bulletin of the National TaiNan Teacher's College, 29, 193 229.
55. Yang, H.-M. McConkie, G. W. (1999). Reading Chinese: Some basic eye-movement characteristics. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff H.-C. Chen (Eds Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 207 222). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
56. Yang, S.-N. McConkie, G. W. (2001). Eye movements during reading: a theory of saccade initiation times. Vision Research, 41, 3567 3585. (Pubitemid 33096275)
57. Yang, S.-N. (2006). An oculomotor-based model of eye movements in reading: The competition/Interaction model. Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 56 69. (Pubitemid 43040298)