메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 815-825

Molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B cases in Greek blood donors

(17)  Katsoulidou, Antigoni a   Paraskevis, Dimitrios a   Magiorkinis, Emmanouil a   Moschidis, Zissis a   Haida, Catherine a   Hatzitheodorou, Eleni a   Varaklioti, Agoritsa b   Karafoulidou, Anastasia b   Hatzitaki, Maria c   Kavallierou, Lilian d   Mouzaki, Athanasia e   Andrioti, Evaggelia f   Veneti, Chrysanthi f   Kaperoni, Athanasia f   Zervou, Eleftheria g   Politis, Constantina h   Hatzakis, Angelos a,i  


Author keywords

determinant; Blood donors; Nucleic acid testing; Phylogeny; Real time PCR; Sequence analysis

Indexed keywords

HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIBODY; VIRUS DNA;

EID: 65649128909     PISSN: 01466615     EISSN: 10969071     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21499     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 1842472039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult hepatitis B virus infection: Implications in transfusion
    • Allain JP. 2004. Occult hepatitis B virus infection: Implications in transfusion. Vox Sang 86:83-91.
    • (2004) Vox Sang , vol.86 , pp. 83-91
    • Allain, J.P.1
  • 2
    • 0031780935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus resistant to lamivudine
    • DOI 10.1002/hep.510270628
    • Allen MI, Deslauriers M, Andrews CW, Tipples GA, Walters KA, Tyrrell DL, Brown N, Condreay LD. 1998. Identification and characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus resistant to lamivudine. Lamivudine Clinical Investigation Group. Hepatology 27:1670-1677. (Pubitemid 28264693)
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1670-1677
    • Allen, M.I.1    Deslauriers, M.2    Webster, A.C.3    Tipples, G.A.4    Walters, K.-A.5    Tyrrell, D.L.J.6    Brown, N.7    Condreay, L.D.8
  • 3
    • 0024377169 scopus 로고
    • Mutants of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that define some antigenically essential residues in the immunodominant a region
    • Ashton-Rickardt PG, Murray K. 1989. Mutants of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that define some antigenically essential residues in the immunodominant a region. J Med Virol 29:196-203.
    • (1989) J Med Virol , vol.29 , pp. 196-203
    • Ashton-Rickardt, P.G.1    Murray, K.2
  • 7
    • 0037385391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine resistant occult HBV: Implications for public health?
    • Bowden S, Bartholomeusz A, Locarnini S. 2003. Lamivudine resistant occult HBV: Implications for public health? J Hepatol 38:526-528.
    • (2003) J Hepatol , vol.38 , pp. 526-528
    • Bowden, S.1    Bartholomeusz, A.2    Locarnini, S.3
  • 8
    • 0034950571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: Clinically significant or purely "occult"?
    • Brechot C, Thiers V, Kremsdorf D, Nalpas B, Pol S, Paterlini-Brechot P. 2001. Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: Clinically significant or purely "occult"? Hepatology 34:194-203.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 194-203
    • Brechot, C.1    Thiers, V.2    Kremsdorf, D.3    Nalpas, B.4    Pol, S.5    Paterlini-Brechot, P.6
  • 10
    • 0021243243 scopus 로고
    • Affinity of antibody responses in man to hepatitis B vaccine determined with synthetic peptides
    • Brown SE, Howard CR, Zuckerman AJ, Steward MW. 1984. Affinity of antibody responses in man to hepatitis B vaccine determined with synthetic peptides. Lancet 2:184-187.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 184-187
    • Brown, S.E.1    Howard, C.R.2    Zuckerman, A.J.3    Steward, M.W.4
  • 12
    • 0030625754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus
    • Carman WF. 1997. The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 4:11-20.
    • (1997) J Viral Hepat , vol.4 , pp. 11-20
    • Carman, W.F.1
  • 13
    • 0029873863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen derived from a filamentous phage peptide library
    • Chen YC, Delbrook K, Dealwis C, Mimms L, Mushahwar IK, Mandecki W. 1996. Discontinuous epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen derived from a filamentous phage peptide library. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1997-2001.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 1997-2001
    • Chen, Y.C.1    Delbrook, K.2    Dealwis, C.3    Mimms, L.4    Mushahwar, I.K.5    Mandecki, W.6
  • 14
    • 0034072419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered antigenicities of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carrying mutations outside the common "a" determinant
    • Chen WN, Oon CJ, Toh I. 2000. Altered antigenicities of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carrying mutations outside the common "a" determinant. Am J Gastroenterol 95:1098-1099.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1098-1099
    • Chen, W.N.1    Oon, C.J.2    Toh, I.3
  • 15
    • 34548727462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and characterization of hepatitis B virus of anti-hepatitis B core antigen-reactive blood donors in Quebec with an in-house nucleic acid testing assay
    • Chevrier MC, St-Louis M, Perreault J, Caron B, Castilloux C, Laroche J, Delage G. 2007. Detection and characterization of hepatitis B virus of anti-hepatitis B core antigen-reactive blood donors in Quebec with an in-house nucleic acid testing assay. Transfusion 47:1794-1802.
    • (2007) Transfusion , vol.47 , pp. 1794-1802
    • Chevrier, M.C.1    St-Louis, M.2    Perreault, J.3    Caron, B.4    Castilloux, C.5    Laroche, J.6    Delage, G.7
  • 16
    • 0032930559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of hepatitis B surface antigen variants with alterations outside the "a" determinant in immunized Singapore infants
    • Chong-Jin O, Wei Ning C, Shiuan K, Gek Keow L. 1999. Identification of hepatitis B surface antigen variants with alterations outside the "a" determinant in immunized Singapore infants. J Infect Dis 179:259-263.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 259-263
    • Chong-Jin, O.1    Wei Ning, C.2    Shiuan, K.3    Gek Keow, L.4
  • 17
    • 0032804970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoassay detection of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants
    • Coleman PF, Chen YC, Mushahwar IK. 1999. Immunoassay detection of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants. J Med Virol 59:19-24.
    • (1999) J Med Virol , vol.59 , pp. 19-24
    • Coleman, P.F.1    Chen, Y.C.2    Mushahwar, I.K.3
  • 18
    • 0035041976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC)
    • Das K, Xiong X, Yang H, Westland CE, Gibbs CS, Sarafianos SG, Arnold E. 2001. Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). J Virol 75:4771-4779.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 4771-4779
    • Das, K.1    Xiong, X.2    Yang, H.3    Westland, C.E.4    Gibbs, C.S.5    Sarafianos, S.G.6    Arnold, E.7
  • 19
    • 0142092372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatitis B virus polymerase mutation rtV173L is selected during lamivudine therapy and enhances viral replication in vitro
    • Delaney WE, Yang H, Westland CE, Das K, Arnold E, Gibbs CS, Miller MD, Xiong S. 2003. The hepatitis B virus polymerase mutation rtV173L is selected during lamivudine therapy and enhances viral replication in vitro. J Virol 77:11833-11841.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 11833-11841
    • Delaney, W.E.1    Yang, H.2    Westland, C.E.3    Das, K.4    Arnold, E.5    Gibbs, C.S.6    Miller, M.D.7    Xiong, S.8
  • 21
    • 0024234855 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL: A package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer
    • Higgins DG, Sharp PM. 1988. CLUSTAL: A package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. Gene 73:237-244.
    • (1988) Gene , vol.73 , pp. 237-244
    • Higgins, D.G.1    Sharp, P.M.2
  • 22
    • 0034767666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of naturally occurring surface gene variants of hepatitis B virus in nonimmunized surface antigen-negative Chinese carriers
    • Hou J, Wang Z, Cheng J, Lin Y, Lau GK, Sun J, Zhou F, Waters J, Karayiannis P, Luo K. 2001. Prevalence of naturally occurring surface gene variants of hepatitis B virus in nonimmunized surface antigen-negative Chinese carriers. Hepatology 34:1027-1034.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Hou, J.1    Wang, Z.2    Cheng, J.3    Lin, Y.4    Lau, G.K.5    Sun, J.6    Zhou, F.7    Waters, J.8    Karayiannis, P.9    Luo, K.10
  • 23
    • 0036902332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult hepatitis B virus infection and its clinical implications
    • Hu KQ. 2002. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and its clinical implications. J Viral Hepat 9:243-257.
    • (2002) J Viral Hepat , vol.9 , pp. 243-257
    • Hu, K.Q.1
  • 24
    • 36749040378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus polymerase variants associated with entecavir drug resistance in treatment-naive patients
    • Jardi R, Rodriguez-Frias F, Schaper M, Ruiz G, Elefsiniotis I, Esteban R, Buti M. 2007. Hepatitis B virus polymerase variants associated with entecavir drug resistance in treatment-naive patients. J Viral Hepat 14:835-840.
    • (2007) J Viral Hepat , vol.14 , pp. 835-840
    • Jardi, R.1    Rodriguez-Frias, F.2    Schaper, M.3    Ruiz, G.4    Elefsiniotis, I.5    Esteban, R.6    Buti, M.7
  • 25
    • 3042740361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of surface antigens from occult chronic hepatitis B virus infections and their recognition by commercial detection assays
    • Jeantet D, Chemin I, Mandrand B, Tran A, Zoulim F, Merle P, Trepo C, Kay A. 2004. Cloning and expression of surface antigens from occult chronic hepatitis B virus infections and their recognition by commercial detection assays. J Med Virol 73:508-515.
    • (2004) J Med Virol , vol.73 , pp. 508-515
    • Jeantet, D.1    Chemin, I.2    Mandrand, B.3    Tran, A.4    Zoulim, F.5    Merle, P.6    Trepo, C.7    Kay, A.8
  • 30
    • 0035056086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of YMDD motif mutations in some lamivudine-untreated asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers
    • Kobayashi S, Ide T, Sata M. 2001. Detection of YMDD motif mutations in some lamivudine-untreated asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers. J Hepatol 34:584-586.
    • (2001) J Hepatol , vol.34 , pp. 584-586
    • Kobayashi, S.1    Ide, T.2    Sata, M.3
  • 31
    • 0036355508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, immunological and clinical properties of mutated hepatitis B viruses
    • Kreutz C. 2002. Molecular, immunological and clinical properties of mutated hepatitis B viruses. J Cell Mol Med 6:113-143.
    • (2002) J Cell Mol Med , vol.6 , pp. 113-143
    • Kreutz, C.1
  • 32
    • 0024973417 scopus 로고
    • Avoiding false positives with PCR
    • Kwok S, Higuchi R. 1989. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339:237-238.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.339 , pp. 237-238
    • Kwok, S.1    Higuchi, R.2
  • 33
    • 0030707941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus infection
    • Lee WM. 1997. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 337:1733-1745.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1733-1745
    • Lee, W.M.1
  • 34
    • 33745755348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B - A review of the role of NAT in enhancing blood safety
    • Lelie N, Heaton A. 2006. Hepatitis B - A review of the role of NAT in enhancing blood safety. J Clin Virol 36:S1.
    • (2006) J Clin Virol , vol.36
    • Lelie, N.1    Heaton, A.2
  • 35
    • 43049180290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-HBs positive occult hepatitis B virus carrier blood infectious in two transfusion recipients
    • Levicnik-Stezinar S, Rahne-Potokar U, Candotti D, Lelie N, Allain JP. 2008. Anti-HBs positive occult hepatitis B virus carrier blood infectious in two transfusion recipients. J Hepatol 48:1022-1025.
    • (2008) J Hepatol , vol.48 , pp. 1022-1025
    • Levicnik-Stezinar, S.1    Rahne-Potokar, U.2    Candotti, D.3    Lelie, N.4    Allain, J.P.5
  • 36
    • 0033031769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of mutations conferring lamivudine resistance on hepatitis B virus
    • Ling R, Harrison TJ. 1999. Functional analysis of mutations conferring lamivudine resistance on hepatitis B virus. J Gen Virol 80:601-606.
    • (1999) J Gen Virol , vol.80 , pp. 601-606
    • Ling, R.1    Harrison, T.J.2
  • 37
    • 0037198749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis B
    • Lok AS. 2002. Chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 346:1682-1683.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1682-1683
    • Lok, A.S.1
  • 39
    • 0032916690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection
    • Mahoney FJ. 1999. Update on diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:351-366.
    • (1999) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.12 , pp. 351-366
    • Mahoney, F.J.1
  • 42
    • 0031938029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective
    • Melegari M, Scaglioni PP, Wands JR. 1998. Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective. Hepatology 27:628-633.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 628-633
    • Melegari, M.1    Scaglioni, P.P.2    Wands, J.R.3
  • 44
    • 1842737026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of sensitivity for wild type and mutant forms of hepatitis B surface antigen by four commercial HBsAg assays
    • Moerman B, Moons V, Sommer H, Schmitt Y, Stetter M. 2004. Evaluation of sensitivity for wild type and mutant forms of hepatitis B surface antigen by four commercial HBsAg assays. Clin Lab 50:159-162.
    • (2004) Clin Lab , vol.50 , pp. 159-162
    • Moerman, B.1    Moons, V.2    Sommer, H.3    Schmitt, Y.4    Stetter, M.5
  • 45
    • 0033017849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase influences on replication and lamivudine resistance: A study by in vitro full-length viral DNA transfection
    • Ono-Nita SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, Masaki T, Lan KH, Carrilho FJ, Omata M. 1999. YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase influences on replication and lamivudine resistance: A study by in vitro full-length viral DNA transfection. Hepatology 29:939-945.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 939-945
    • Ono-Nita, S.K.1    Kato, N.2    Shiratori, Y.3    Masaki, T.4    Lan, K.H.5    Carrilho, F.J.6    Omata, M.7
  • 47
    • 33745631241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of HBsAg mutants
    • Osiowy C. 2006. Detection of HBsAg mutants. J Med Virol 78:S48-S51.
    • (2006) J Med Virol , vol.78
    • Osiowy, C.1
  • 48
    • 26944440947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predonation testing of potential blood donors in resource-restricted settings
    • Owusu-Ofori S, Temple J, Sarkodie F, Candotti D, Allain JP. 2005. Predonation testing of potential blood donors in resource-restricted settings. Transfusion 45:1542-1543.
    • (2005) Transfusion , vol.45 , pp. 1542-1543
    • Owusu-Ofori, S.1    Temple, J.2    Sarkodie, F.3    Candotti, D.4    Allain, J.P.5
  • 51
    • 0024784519 scopus 로고
    • Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements
    • Poch O, Sauvaget I, Delarue M, Tordo N. 1989. Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements. EMBO J 8:3867-3874.
    • (1989) EMBO J , vol.8 , pp. 3867-3874
    • Poch, O.1    Sauvaget, I.2    Delarue, M.3    Tordo, N.4
  • 53
    • 33644854241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus replication is regulated by the acetylation status of hepatitis B virus cccDNA-bound H3 and H4 histones
    • Pollicino T, Belloni L, Raffa G, Pediconi N, Squadrito G, Raimondo G, Levrero M. 2006. Hepatitis B virus replication is regulated by the acetylation status of hepatitis B virus cccDNA-bound H3 and H4 histones. Gastroenterology 130:823-837.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 823-837
    • Pollicino, T.1    Belloni, L.2    Raffa, G.3    Pediconi, N.4    Squadrito, G.5    Raimondo, G.6    Levrero, M.7
  • 56
    • 0033621167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine (3TC) resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase involves steric hindrance with beta-branched amino acids
    • Sarafianos SG, Das K, Clark AD, Jr., Ding J, Boyer PL, Hughes SH, Arnold E. 1999. Lamivudine (3TC) resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase involves steric hindrance with beta-branched amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:10027-10032.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 10027-10032
    • Sarafianos, S.G.1    Das, K.2    Clark Jr., A.D.3    Ding, J.4    Boyer, P.L.5    Hughes, S.H.6    Arnold, E.7
  • 57
    • 34250670322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectivity of blood components with low hepatitis B virus DNA levels identified in a lookback program
    • Satake M, Taira R, Yugi H, Hino S, Kanemitsu K, Ikeda H, Tadokoro K. 2007. Infectivity of blood components with low hepatitis B virus DNA levels identified in a lookback program. Transfusion 47:1197-1205.
    • (2007) Transfusion , vol.47 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Satake, M.1    Taira, R.2    Yugi, H.3    Hino, S.4    Kanemitsu, K.5    Ikeda, H.6    Tadokoro, K.7
  • 59
    • 32444435768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HBV drug resistance: Mechanisms, detection and interpretation
    • Shaw T, Bartholomeusz A, Locarnini S. 2006. HBV drug resistance: Mechanisms, detection and interpretation. J Hepatol 44:593-606.
    • (2006) J Hepatol , vol.44 , pp. 593-606
    • Shaw, T.1    Bartholomeusz, A.2    Locarnini, S.3
  • 64
    • 0037016387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary infection with a lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus
    • Thibault V, Aubron-Olivier C, Agut H, Katlama C. 2002. Primary infection with a lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. AIDS 16:131-133.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 131-133
    • Thibault, V.1    Aubron-Olivier, C.2    Agut, H.3    Katlama, C.4
  • 65
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. 1994. CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673-4680.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 67
    • 0036701918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virological and clinical significance of mutations in the overlapping envelope and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus
    • Torresi J. 2002. The virological and clinical significance of mutations in the overlapping envelope and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Virol 25:97-106.
    • (2002) J Clin Virol , vol.25 , pp. 97-106
    • Torresi, J.1
  • 68
    • 0036059889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy
    • Torresi J, Earnest-Silveira L, Deliyannis G, Edgtton K, Zhuang H, Locarnini SA, Fyfe J, Sozzi T, Jackson DC. 2002. Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy. Virology 293:305-313.
    • (2002) Virology , vol.293 , pp. 305-313
    • Torresi, J.1    Earnest-Silveira, L.2    Deliyannis, G.3    Edgtton, K.4    Zhuang, H.5    Locarnini, S.A.6    Fyfe, J.7    Sozzi, T.8    Jackson, D.C.9
  • 69
    • 1642334585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological pattern 'anti-hepatitis B core alone' in HIV or hepatitis C virus-infected patients is not fully explained by hepatitis B surface antigen mutants
    • Wagner AA, Denis F, Weinbreck P, Loustaud V, Autofage F, Rogez S, Alain S. 2004. Serological pattern 'anti-hepatitis B core alone' in HIV or hepatitis C virus-infected patients is not fully explained by hepatitis B surface antigen mutants. AIDS 18:569-571.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 569-571
    • Wagner, A.A.1    Denis, F.2    Weinbreck, P.3    Loustaud, V.4    Autofage, F.5    Rogez, S.6    Alain, S.7
  • 70
    • 0027946541 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of envelope antigenic variants of hepatitis B virus from Spain
    • Wallace LA, Echevarria JE, Echevarria JM, Carman WF. 1994. Molecular characterization of envelope antigenic variants of hepatitis B virus from Spain. J Infect Dis 170:1300-1303.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.170 , pp. 1300-1303
    • Wallace, L.A.1    Echevarria, J.E.2    Echevarria, J.M.3    Carman, W.F.4
  • 71
    • 0025719453 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the antigenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen involved in the induction of a protective antibody response
    • Waters JA, Brown SE, Steward MW, Howard CR, Thomas HC. 1992. Analysis of the antigenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen involved in the induction of a protective antibody response. Virus Res 22:1-12.
    • (1992) Virus Res , vol.22 , pp. 1-12
    • Waters, J.A.1    Brown, S.E.2    Steward, M.W.3    Howard, C.R.4    Thomas, H.C.5
  • 72
  • 73
    • 0034010670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High genetic variability of the group-specific a-determinant of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and the corresponding fragment of the viral polymerase in chronic virus carriers lacking detectable HBsAg in serum
    • Weinberger KM, Bauer T, Bohm S, Jilg W. 2000. High genetic variability of the group-specific a-determinant of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and the corresponding fragment of the viral polymerase in chronic virus carriers lacking detectable HBsAg in serum. J Gen Virol 81:1165-1174.
    • (2000) J Gen Virol , vol.81 , pp. 1165-1174
    • Weinberger, K.M.1    Bauer, T.2    Bohm, S.3    Jilg, W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.