Holocene circum-Mediterranean vegetation changes: Climate forcing and human impact

Quaternary International

Volumn 200, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 4-18

  Jalut, Guy ^a   Dedoubat, Jean Jacques ^a   Fontugne, Michel ^b   Otto, Thierry ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

^b DIF   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ARIDIFICATION; BIOME; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE FORCING; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HOLOCENE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOSALINITY; SEDIMENTATION RATE; TELECONNECTION; VEGETATION COVER; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

MEDITERRANEAN REGION; MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

EID: 64749093734     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.012     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Alpert P., Baldi M., Ilani R., Krichack S., Price C., Rodo X., Saaroni H., Ziv B., Kishcha P., Barkan J., Mariotti A., and Xoplaki E. Relations between climate variability in the Mediterranean region and the tropics: ENSO, South Asian and African monsoons, Hurricanes and Saharan dust. In: Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Boscolo R. (Eds). Mediterranean Climate Variability, Developments in Earth & Environmental Sciences 4 (2006), Elsevier ed 149-177
2. Angel J.L. Ecology and population in the eastern Mediterranean. World Archaeology 4 (1972) 88-105
3. Arz H.W., Lamy F., Pätzold J., Müller P., and Prins M. Mediterranean moisture source for an Early-Holocene humid period in the Northern Red Sea. Science 300 (2003) 118-121
4. Ayalon A., Bar-Matthews M., and Kaufman A. Petrography, strontium, barium and uranium concentrations, and strontium and uranium isotope ratios in speleothems as palaeoclimatic proxies: Soreq cave, Israel. The Holocene 9 6 (1999) 715-722
5. Bar-Matthews M., Ayalon A., and Kaufman A. Timing and hydrological conditions Sapropel events in the Eastern Mediterranean, as evident from speleothems, Soreq cave, Israel. Chemical Geology 169 (2000) 145-156
6. Baruch U., and Bottema S. A new pollen diagram from lake Ula. Vegetational, climatic and anthropogenic implications. In: Kawanabe H., Coulter G.W., and Roosevelt A.C. (Eds). Ancient Lakes: Their Cultural and Biological Diversity (1999) 75-86
7. de Beaulieu J.L., Miras Y., Andrieu-Ponel V., and Guiter F. Vegetation dynamics in north-western Mediterranean regions: instability of the Mediterranean bioclimate. Plant Biosystems 139 2 (2005) 114-126
8. Bentaleb I., Fontugne M., Caratini C., Morzadec-Kerfourn M.T., and Tissot C. River paleoflow evolution in the West Indian coastal region: organic carbon isotopic evidences from marine sediment cores for a less humid climate since 3500 years BP. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 317 II (1993) 713-718
9. Bentaleb I., Caratini C., Fontugne M., Morzadec-Kerfourn M.T., Pascal J.P., and Tissot C. Monsoon Regime variations during the late Holocene in the Southwestern India. In: Dalfes N., Kukla G., and Weiss H. (Eds). Third Millennium BC Social Collapse and Climate Change. NATO/ASI Series, Subser. I "Global Environment Change" (1997) 475-488
10. Bernard J., and Reille M. Nouvelles analyses polliniques dans l'Atlas de Marrakech, Maroc. Pollen et Spores 29 2-3 (1987) 225-240
11. Beug H.J. On the forest history of the Dalmatian coast. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 2 (1967) 271-279
12. Beug, H.J., 1975. Man as factor in the vegetational history of the Balkan Peninsula. In: Jordanov, D., et al. (Eds.), Problem of Balkan Flora and Vegetation, Sofia, pp. 72-78.
13. Beug H.J. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung (2004), Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen 542pp
14. Bond G., Shower W., Cheseby M., Lotti R., Almasi P., de Menocal P., Priore P., Cullen H., Hajdas I., and Bonani G. A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial climates. Science 258 (1997) 1257-1266
15. Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M.N., Showers W., Hoffmann S., Lotti-Bond R., Hajdas I., and Bonani G. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science 294 (2001) 2130-2136
16. Bottema, S., 1974. Late Quaternary vegetation history of northwestern Greece. Thesis, Groningen; 190pp.
17. Bottema S., and Sarpaki A. Environmental change in Crete: a 9000-year record of Holocene vegetation history and the effect of the Santorini eruption. The Holocene 13 5 (2003) 733-749
18. Bozilova E., and Beug H.J. On the Holocene history of vegetation in SE Bulgaria (Lake Artutino, Ropotamo region). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 1 (1992) 19-32
19. Bozilova E.D., and Tonkov S.B. Pollen from Lake Sedmo Rilsko reveals southeast European postglacial vegetation in the highest mountain area of the Balkans. New Phytologist 148 (2000) 315-325
20. Bryson R.A., and Swain A.M. Holocene variations of monsoonal rainfall in Rajasthan. Quaternary Research 16 (1981) 135-145
21. Callot Y., and Fontugne M. Les étagement de nappes dans les paléolacs holocènes du nord-est du Grand Erg Occidental (Algérie). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 315 II (1992) 471-477
22. Caratini C., Fontugne M., Pascal J.P., Tissot C., and Bentaleb I. A major change at c. 3500 years bp in the vegetation of the Western Ghats in North Kanara, Karnataka. Current Science 61 (1991) 669-672
23. Caratini C., Bentaleb I., Fontugne M., Morzadec-Kerfourn M.T., Pascal J.P., and Tissot C. A less humid climate since ca. 3500 yr BP from marine cores off Karwar, western India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109 (1994) 371-384
24. Carrión J.S. Patterns and processes of Late Quaternary environmental change in a montane region of southwestern Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 2047-2066
25. Carrión J.S. Sobresaltos en el bosque mediterraneo: incidencia de las perturbaciones observables en una escala paleoecologica. Ecosistemas 3 (2003) 13pp
26. Carrión J.S., and Dupré M. Late Quaternary vegetational history at Navarrés, Eastern Spain. A two core approach. New Phytologist 134 (1996) 177-191
27. Carrión J.S., Andrade A., Bennett K.D., Navarro C., and Munuera M. Crossing forest thresholds: inertia and collapse in a Holocene sequence from south-central Spain. The Holocene 11 6 (2001) 635-653
28. Catto N., and Catto G. Climate change, communities, and civilizations: driving force, supporting player, or background noise?. Quaternary International 123-125 (2004) 7-10
29. Cheddadi R., and Rossignol-Strick M. Improved preservation of organic matter and pollen in eastern Mediterranean sapropels. Paleoceanography 10 (1995) 301-309
30. Cheddadi R., Rossignol-Strick A., and Fontugne M. Eastern Mediterranean palaeoclimate from 26 to 5 ka BP documented by pollen and isotopic analysis of a core in the annoxic Bannock Basin. Marine Geology 100 (1991) 53-66
31. COHMAP Members. Climatic changes of the last 18 000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241 (1988) 1043-1052
32. Courty, M.A., 1990. Environnements géologiques dans le nord-ouest de l'Inde. Contraintes géodynamiques au peuplement protohistorique (Bassins de la Ghaggar-Saraswati-Chautang). Thesis, Université Bordeaux I (France), 328pp.
33. Cullen H.M., and deMenocal P.B. North Atlantic influence on Tigris-Euphrates streamflow. International Journal of Climatology 20 (2000) 853-863
34. Cullen H.M., deMenocal P.B., Hemming S., Hemming G., Brown F.H., Guilderson T., and Sirocko F. Climate change and collapse of the Akkadian empire: evidence from the deep sea. Geology 28 4 (2000) 379-382
35. Cullen H.M., Kaplan A., Arkin P.A., and deMenocal P. Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the middle eastern climate and streamflow. Climatic Change 55 (2002) 315-338
36. deMenocal P.B., Ortiz J., Guilderson T., and Sarnthein M. Coherent high and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period. Science 299 (2000) 2198-2202
37. deMenocal P.B., Ortiz J., Guilderson T., Adkins J., Sarnthein M., Baker L., and Yarusinsky M. Abrupt onset and termination of the African humid period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 347-361
38. deMenocal P.B. Cultural responses to climate change during the late Holocene. Science 292 (2001) 667-673
39. Drescher-Schneider R., de Beaulieu J.L., Magny M., Walter-Simmonet A.V., Bossuet G., Millet L., Brugiapaglia E., and Drescher A. Vegetation history, climate and human impact over the last 15 000 years at Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Central Italy). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16 (2007) 279-299
40. Drysdale R., Zanchetta G., Hellstrom J., Maas R., Fallick A., Pickett M., Cartwright I., and Piccini L. Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone. Geological Society of America 34 2 (2006) 101-104
41. Eastwood W.J., Roberts N., and Lamb H.F. Palaeoecological and archaeological evidence for human occupance in southwest Turkey: the Beysehir occupation phase. Anatolian Studies 48 (1998) 69-86
42. Eastwood W.J., Roberts N., Lamb H.F., and Tibby J.C. Holocene environmental change in southwest Turkey: a palaeoecological record of lake and catchment-related changes. Quaternary Science Reviews 18 (1999) 671-695
43. Emberger L. La végétation de la région méditerranéenne. Essai d'une classification des groupements végétaux. Revue Générale de Botanique 42 (1930) 461-662 et 705-721
44. Emberger L. Les limites de l'aire méditerranéenne en France. Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse 78 3 (1943) 159-180
45. Emeis K.-C., Struck U., Schultz H.-M., Rosenberg R., Bernasconi S., Erlenkeuser H., Sakamoto T., and Martinez-Ruiz F. Temperature and salinity variations of Mediterranean Sea surface waters over the last 16 000 years from records of planktonic stable oxygen isotopes and alkenone unsaturation ratios. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 158 (2000) 259-280
46. Esteban Amat, A., 1995. Evolución del paisaje durante los ultimos 10 000 años en las montañas del Mediterráneo occidental: ejemplos del Pirineo oriental y Sierra Nevada. Thesis, Barcelona, 453pp.
47. Fontugne M., Arnold M., Labeyrie L., Paterne M., Calvert S.E., and Duplessy J.C. Palaeoenvironment, sapropel chronology and Nile River discharge during the last 20 000 years as indicated by deep sea sediment records in the eastern Mediterranean. In: Bar-Yosef O., and Kra R.S. (Eds). Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean. Radiocarbon (1994) 75-88
48. 14C chronology of environmental changes in the Konya plain, Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 18 (1999) 4-5 (Special Issue "The Late Quaternary in the Eastern Mediterranean", pp. 573-592)
49. Galop, D., 1997. La forêt, l'homme et le troupeau. Six millénaires d'anthropisation du massif pyrénéen de la Garonne à la Méditerranée. Thesis, Université de Toulouse le Mirail, 322pp.
50. Gasse F. Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 189-211
51. Gasse F., and Van Campo E. Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 435-456
52. Giraudi, C., 1998. Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake-level variations in Fucino Lake (Abruzzo, Central Italy) inferred from geological, archaeological and historical data. ESF Workshop "Palaeohydrology as reflected in lake-level changes as climatic evidence for Holocene times". Paläoklimaforschung 25, G. Fischer Verlag, pp. 1-17.
53. Giraudi C. Le oscillazioni di livello del lago di Mezzano (Valentano-VT): variazioni climatiche e interventi antropici. Il Quaternario, Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences 17 2/1 (2004) 221-230
54. Haigh J.D. Climate variability and the influence of the sun. Science 294 (2001) 2109-2111
55. Haynes C.V., Eyles C.H., Pavlish L.A., Ritchie J.C., and Rybak M. Holocene palaeoecology of the Eastern Sahara; Selima Oasis. Quaternary Science Reviews 8 (1989) 109-136
56. Huntley B. Dissimilarity mapping between fossil and contemporary pollen spectra in Europe for the past 13 000 years. Quaternary Research 33 (1990) 360-376
57. Huntley B. European postglacial forests: compositional changes in response to climatic change. Journal of Vegetation Science 1 (1990) 507-518
58. Huntley B., and Prentice I.C. July temperatures in Europe from pollen data, 6000 years before present. Science 241 (1988) 687-690
59. Huntley B., Bartlein P.J., and Prentice I.C. Climatic control of the distribution and abundance of beech (Fagus L.) in Europe and North America. Journal of Biogeography 16 (1989) 551-560
60. Jahns S. On the Holocene vegetation history of the Argive Plain (Peloponnese, southern Greece). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2 (1993) 187-203
61. Jalut, G., 1995. Analyse pollinique de sédiments holocènes de l'étang de Capestang (Hérault). In Temps et Espace dans le Bassin de l'Aude du Néolithique à l'Age du Fer, Resp. J. Guilaine. A.T.P. "Grands Projets d'Archéologie Métropolitaine", pp. 293-302.
62. Jalut, G., 2005. Le climat, la végétation et l'Homme en Méditerranée à l'Holocène. In Populations néolithiques et environnments. Séminaires du Collège de France. Sous la direction de Jean Guilaine. Ed. Errance, pp. 215-240.
63. Jalut G., Esteban Amat A., Riera i Mora S., Fontugne M., Mook R., Bonnet L., and Gauquelin T. Holocene climatic changes in the western Mediterranean: installation of the Mediterranean climate. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, Earth and Planetary Sciences 325 (1997) 327-334
64. Jalut G., Esteban Amat A., Bonnet L., Gauquelin T., and Fontugne M. Holocene climatic changes in the Western Mediterranean, from south-east France to south-east Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 160 (2000) 255-290
65. Jalut, G., Fontugne, M., Durand, A., 2002. Instabilité climatique holocène en Méditerranée occidentale: données polliniques et historiques. Colloque International Quaternaire 3: "Evènements rapides, instabilités, changements culturels au Quaternaire"; M.M.S.H., Aix en Provence, 24-26 janvier 2002, Résumés; p. 36.
66. Jalut, G., Carrión, J., David, F., Gonzalez Samperiz, Sanchez Goni, M.F., Tonkov, S., Willis, K., 2005. The vegetation around the Mediterranean basin during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene climatic optimum. In: Petit-Maire, Vrielinck, B. (Eds.), The Mediterranean Basin: The Last Two Climatic Extremes. Explanatory notes of the maps. Two maps, scale 1:5 000 000 N, pp. 37-57.
67. Jimenez-Espejo F., Martinez-Ruiz F., Sakamoto T., Iijima K., Gallego-Torres D., and Harada N. Paleoenvironmental changes in the western Mediterranean since the last glacial maximum: high resolution multiproxy record from the Algero-Balearic basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 246 (2007) 292-306
68. Johnsen S.J., Dahl-Jensen D., Gundestrup N., Steffensen J.P., Clausen H.B., Miller H., Masson-Delmotte V., Sveinbjörnsdottir A.E., and White J. Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and North GRIP. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 4 (2001) 299-307
69. Kallel N., Paterne M., Labeyrie L., Duplessy J.C., and Arnold M. Temperature and salinity records of the Tyrrhenian Sea during the last 18 000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 135 (1997) 97-108
70. Kallel N., Duplessy J.C., Labeyrie L., Fontugne M., Paterne M., and Montacer M. Mediterranean pluvial periods and sapropel formation over the last 200 000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 157 (2000) 45-58
71. Kelly M.G., and Huntley B. An 11 000-year record of vegetation and environment from Lago di Martignano, Latium, Italy. Journal of Quaternary Science 6 3 (1991) 209-224
72. Kim J.H., Rimbu N., Lorenz S.J., Lohmann G., Nam S.I., Schouten S., Rühlemann C., and Schneider R.R. North Pacific and North Atlantic sea-surface temperature variability during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 2141-2154
73. Kohfeld K.E., and Harrison S.P. How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 321-346
74. Köppen, W., 1936. Das geographische System der Klimate. (Handbuch der Klimatologie, Bd 1, Teil C). Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 46 p.
75. Krishnamurty R.V., Agrawal D.P., Misra V.N., and Rajaguru S.N. Paleoclimatic inferences from the behaviour of radiocarbon dates of carbonates from sand dunes of Rajasthan. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth Planet) 90 (1981) 155-160
76. Kuzucuoglu K.C., Bertaux J., Black S., Denefle M., Fontugne M., Karabiyicoglu M., Kashima K., Limondin-Lozouet N., Mouralis D., and Orth P. Reconstruction of climatic changes during the upper Pleistocene, based on sediment records from the Konya basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). Geological Journal 34 (1999) 175-198
77. Lamb H.F., Gasse F., Benkaddour A., El Hamouti N., van der Kars S., Perkins W.T., Pearce N.J., and Roberts C.N. Relation between century-scale Holocene arid intervals in tropical and temperate zones. Nature 373 (1995) 134-137
78. Lamy F., Arz H.W., Bond G.C., Bahr A., and Pätzold J. Multicentennial-scale hydrological changes in the Black Sea and northern Red Sea during the Holocene and the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation. Paleoceanography 21 PA 1008 (2006) 11p
79. Lézine A.M. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sahel. Quaternary Research 32 (1989) 317-334
80. Lézine A.M., and Casanova J. Pollen and hydrological evidences for the interpretation of past climates in tropical West Africa during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 8 (1989) 45-55
81. Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., Boscolo R., Alpert P., Artale V., Li L., Luterbacher J., May W., Trigo R., Tsimplis M., Ulbrich U., and Xoplaki E. The Mediterranean climate: an overview of the main characteristics and issues. In: Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Boscolo R. (Eds). Mediterranean Climate Variability, Developments in Earth & Environmental Sciences 4 (2006), Elsevier ed. 1-26
82. Magny M. Lake-level fluctuations in the Jura and French subalpine ranges associated with ice-rafting events in the north atlantic and variations in the polar atmospheric circulation. Quaternaire 10 1 (1999) 61-64
83. Magny M. Holocene climate variability as reflected by mid-European lake-level fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements. Quaternary International 113 (2004) 65-79
84. Magny M., and Haas J.N. A major widespread climatic change around 5300 cal yr BP at the time of the alpine Iceman. Journal of Quaternary Science 19 5 (2004) 1-8
85. Magny M., Miramont C., and Sivan O. Assessment of the impact of climate and anthropogenic factors on Holocene Mediterranean vegetation in Europe on the basis of palaeohydrological records. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 186 (2002) 47-59
86. Magny M., Bégeot C., Guiot J., and Peyron O. Contrasting patterns of hydrological changes in Europe in response to Holocene climate cooling phases. Quaternary Science Reviews 22 (2003) 1589-1596
87. Magny M., Leuzinger U., Bortenschlager S., and Haas J.N. Tripartite climate reversal in Central Europe 5600-5300 years ago. Quaternary Research 65 (2006) 3-19
88. Magny M., de Beaulieu J.L., Drescher-Schneider R., Vannière B., Walter-Simmonet A.V., Miras Y., Millet L., Bossuet G., Peyron O., Brugiapaglia E., and Leroux A. Holocene climate changes in the central Mediterranean as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lake Accesa (Tuscany, Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 1736-1758
89. Magri D. Middle and late Holocene vegetation and climate changes in peninsular Italy. In: Dalfes H.N., Kukla G., and Weiss H. (Eds). Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse (1997), NATO ASI Series I 49 517-530
90. Magri D. Late Quaternary vegetation history at Lagaccione near Lago di Bolsena (central Italy). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 106 (1999) 171-208
91. Magri D., and Parra I. Late Quaternary western Mediterranean pollen records and African winds. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200 (2002) 401-408
92. Magri D., and Sadori L. Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen stratigraphy at Lago di Vico (central Italy). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 8 (1999) 247-260
93. Martrat B., Grimalt J.0., Lopez-Martinez C., Cacho I., Sierro F.J., Flores J.A., Zahn R., Canals M., Curtis J.H., and Hodell D.A. Abrupt temperature changes in the Western Mediterranean over the past 250 000 years. Science 306 (2004) 1762-1765
94. Mayewski, P.A., 15 co-auteurs, 2004. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 62, 243-255.
95. Morrill C., Overpeck J.T., and Cole J.E. A synthesis of abrupt changes in the Asian summer monsoon since the last deglaciation. The Holocene 13 4 (2003) 465-476
96. Neumann F., Schötzel C., Litt T., Hense A., and Stein M. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16 (2007) 329-346
97. Oldfield F., and Dearing J.A. The role of human activities in past environmental change. In: Alverson K.D., Bradley R.S., and Pedersen T.F. (Eds). Paleoclimate, Global Change and the Future. IGBP Serie (2003), Springer, Berlin 143-162
98. Ozenda P. La végétation du continent européen (1994), Delachaux et Niestlé 271pp
99. Pantaleón-Cano J. Estudi palinologic de sediments litorals de la Provincia d'Almeria. Transformacions del paitsage vegetal dins un territori semi-arid (1998), Ph. D. University Autonome, Barcelona
100. Pantaleón-Cano J., Yll E.I., Pérez-Obiol R., and Roure J.M. Palynological evidence for vegetational history in semi arid areas of the western Mediterranean (Almeria, Spain). The Holocene 13 1 (2003) 109-119
101. Paul H.A., Bernasconi S.M., Schmid D.W., and McKenzie J.A. Oxygen isotopic composition of the Mediterranean Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from pore water analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letter 192 (2001) 1-14
102. Pérez-Obiol R., and Sadori L. Similarities and dissimilarities, synchronisms and diachronisms in the Holocene vegetation history of the Balearic Islands and Sicily. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16 (2007) 259-265
103. Pérez-Obiol R., Yll E.I., Pantaleón-Cano J., and Roure J.M. Historia de Buxus y Corylus en las Islas Baleares durante el Holoceno. In: Ramil-Rego P., Fernandez-Rodrigez C., and Rodriguez-Guitian M. (Eds). Biogeografia Pleistocena-Holocena de la Peninsula Iberica (1996), Conselleria de Cultura, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela 87-97
104. Petit-Maire N., and Guo Z. Mise en évidence de variations climatiques holocènes rapides en phase dans les déserts actuels de Chine et du Nord de l'Afrique. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 2a 322 10 (1996) 847-851
105. Petit-Maire N., Burollet P.F., Ballais J.L., Fontugne M., Rosso J.C., and Lazaar A. Paléoclimats holocènes du Sahara septentrional: Dépôts lacustres et terrasses alluviales en bordure du Grand Erg Oriental à l'extrême sud de la Tunisie. Compte Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 312 II (1991) 1661-1666
106. Petit-Maire N., Bouysse P., et al. Geological records of the recent past, a key to the near future world environments. Episodes 23 4 (2000) 230-246
107. Planchais N. Palynologie lagunaire de l'étang de Maugio. Paléoenvironnement végétal et évolution anthropique. Pollen et Spores 24 1 (1982) 93-118
108. Planchais N., and Duzer D. Les pollens indicateurs de l'action anthropique aux alentours de l'étang de Maugio (Hérault). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 287 D. (1978) 931-933
109. Pons A. The history of the Mediterranean shrublands. In: di Castri F., Goodall D.W., and Specht R.L. (Eds). Mediterranean-Type Shrublands (1981), Elsevier, Amsterdam 131-138
110. Pons A., and Quézel P. A propos de la mise en place du climat méditerranéen. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 327 (1998) 755-760
111. Pons A., and Reille M. The Holocene and upper Pleistocene pollen record from Padul (Granada, Spain). A new study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 35 (1988) 145-214
112. Pozo-Vasquez D., Esteban-Parra M.J., Rodrigo F.S., and Castro-Diez Y. The association between ENSO and winter atmospheric circulation and temperature in the North Atlantic region. Journal of Climate 14 (2001) 3408-3420
113. Principato M.S., Guinta S., Corselli C., and Negri A. Late Pleistocene-Holocene planktonic assemblages in three box-cores from the Mediterranean Ridge area (west-southwest Crete): paleoecological and paleoceanographic reconstruction of sapropel S1 interval. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 190 (2003) 61-77
114. Quézel P. Les grandes structures de la végétation en région méditerranéenne: facteurs déterminants dans leur mise en place post-glaciaire. Geobios 32 (1999) 19-32
115. Quézel P., and Barbero M. Definition and characterization of Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecologia Mediterranea 8 (1982) 15-29
116. Quézel, P., Médail, F., 2003. Ecologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen. Elsevier, coll. Environnment, 571pp.
117. Ramrath A., Sadori L., and Negendank J.F.W. Sediments from Lago di Mezzano, central Italy: a record of Lateglacial/Holocene climatic variations and anthropogenic impact. The Holocene 10 1 (2000) 87-95
118. Reale O., and Dirmeyer P. Modeling the effects of vegetation on Mediterranean climate during the Roman Classical Period: part I: climate history and model sensitivity. Global Planet Change 25 (2000) 163-184
119. Reille M., and Pons A. The ecological significance of sclerophyllous oak forests in the western part of the Mediterranean basin: a note on pollen analytical data. Vegetatio 99-100 (1992) 13-17
120. Rendu C., Campmajo P., Davasse B., Galop D., and Crabol D. Premières traces d'occupation pastorale sur la montagne d'Enveig. Travaux de Préhistoire Catalane, Université de Perpignan 8 (1996) 35-43
121. Rivas-Martínez S. Etages bioclimatiques, secteurs chorologiques et séries de végétation de l' Espagne méditerranéenne. Ecologia Mediterranea 8 1-2 (1982) 275-299
122. Rivas-Martínez S. Memoria del mapa de series de vegetación de España, 1:400 000 (1987), I.C.O.N.A., Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación 268pp
123. Roberts N., Reed J.M., Leng M.J., Kuzucuoglu C., Fontugne M., Bertaux J., Woldring H., Bottema S., Black S., Hunt E., and Karabiyikoglu M. The tempo of Holocene climatic change in the eastern Mediterranean region: new high-resolution crater-lake sediment data from central Turkey. The Holocene 11 6 (2001) 721-736
124. Rohling E.J., Mayewski P.A., Abu-Zied R.H., Casford J.S., and Hayes A. Holocene atmosphere-ocean interactions: records from Greenland and Aegean Sea. Climate Dynamics 18 (2002) 587-593
125. Roux, G., 1995. La Mésopotamie, Seuil ed. Coll. Point Histoire, 600pp.
126. Sadori L. Postglacial pollen records of Southern Europe (2007), Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sciences, Elsevier pp. 2763-2773
127. Sadori L., and Narcisi B. The Postglacial record of environmental history from Lago di Pergusa, Sicily. The Holocene 11 6 (2001) 655-670
128. Sadori L., Giraudi C., Petitti P., and Ramrath A. Human impact at Lago di Mezzano (central Italy) during the Bronze Age: a multidisciplinary approach. Quaternary International 113 (2004) 5-17
129. Schilman B., Bar-Matthews M., Almogi-Labin A., and Luz B. Global climate instability reflected by Eastern Mediterranean marine records during the late Holocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 176 (2001) 157-176
130. Schmidt G., Shindell D.T., Miller R.L., Mann M.E., and Rind D. General circulation modelling of Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 2167-2181
131. Schulz M., and Paul A. Holocene climate variability on centennial to millennial time scales: 1. Climate records from the North-Atlantic Realm. In: Wefer G., Berger W., Behre K.E., and Jansen E. (Eds). Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm (2002), Springer, Berlin 41-54
132. Schulz M., Paul A., and Timmermann A. Glacial-interglacial contrast in climate variability at centennial-to-millennial timescales: observations and conceptual model. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 2219-2230
133. Singh G., Joshi R., Chopra S., and Singh A.B. Late Quaternary History of Vegetation and Climate in the Rajasthan Desert, India vol. 267 (1974), Philosophical Transactions Royal Society, London pp. 467-501
134. Singh G., Wasson R.J., and Agrawal D.P. Vegetational and seasonal climatic changes since the last full glacial in Thar desert, northwest India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 64 (1990) 351-358
135. Stuiver M., and Reimer P.J. Calib Radiocarbon Calibration Program (Calib Rev 5.0.1). Radiocarbon 35 (1993) 215-230
136. Terral J.F., and Arnold-Simard G. Beginnings of olive cultivation in Eastern Spain in relation to Holocene bioclimatic changes. Quaternary Research 46 (1996) 176-185
137. Terral J.F., and Mengüal X. Reconstruction of Holocene climate in southern France and eastern Spain using quantitative anatomy of olive wood and archaeological charcoal. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 153 (1999) 71-92
138. Tinner W., Lotter A.F., Ammann B., Conedera M., Hubschmid P., van Leeuwen J.F.N., and Werhrli M. Climatic change and contemporaneous land-use phases north and south of the Alps 2300 BC to 800 AD. Quaternary Science Reviews 22 (2003) 1447-1460
139. Traboulsi, M., 2004. Les précipitations au Proche Orient: variabilité spatio-temporelle et relations avec la dynamique de l'atmosphère (1960-61/1989-90). Thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 222pp.
140. Triat-Laval, H., 1978. Contribution pollenanalytique à l'histoire tardi- et postglaciaire de la végétation de la basse vallée du Rhône. Thesis, Université Aix-Marseille 3, 307pp.
141. Trigo R., Xoplaki E., Zorita E., and Luterbacher J. In: Lionello P., Malanotte-Rizzoli P., and Boscolo R. (Eds). Mediterranean Climate Variability, Developments in Earth & Environmental Sciences 4 (2006), Elsevier 179-226
142. Van Geel B., Buurman J., and Waterbolk H.T. Archaeological and palaeoecological indications of an abrupt climate change in the Netherlands, and evidence for climatological teleconnections around 2650 BP. Journal of Quaternary Science 11 (1996) 451-460
143. Vernet J.L. Etude sur l'histoire de la végétation du Sud-Est de la France au Quaternaire d'après l'étude des charbons de bois principalement. Paléobiologie Continentale 4 1 (1973) 1-90
144. Vernet J.L., and Faure H. Isotopic chronology of the Sahara and the Sahel during the late Pleistocene and the early and Mid-Holocene (15 000-6000 BP). Quaternary International 68-71 (2000) 385-387
145. Weiss H., and Bradley R. What drives societal collapse?. Science 291 (2001) 609-610
146. Weiss H., Courty M.-A., Wetterstrom W., Guichard F., Senior L., Meadow R., and Curnow A. The genesis and collapse of third millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization. Science 261 (1993) 295-1004
147. Wu W., and Liu T. Possible role of the "Holocene event 3" on the collapse of Neolithic Cultures around the Central Plain of China. Quaternary International 117 (2004) 153-166
148. Yasuda Y., Kitagawa H., and Nakagawa T. The earliest record of major anthropogenic deforestation in the Ghab valley, northwest Syria: a palynological study. Quaternary International 73/74 (2000) 127-136
149. Yll I.E., Pérez-Obiol R., and Julia R. Vegetational change in the Balearic Islands (Spain) during the Holocene. Historical Biology 9 (1994) 83-89
150. Yll E.I., Pérez-Obiol R., Pantaleón-Cano J., and Roure J.M. Palynological evidence for climatic change and human activity during the Holocene on Minorca (Balearic Islands). Quaternary Research 48 (1997) 339-347
151. Zanchetta G., Drysdale R.N., Hellstrom J.C., Fallick A.E., Isola I., Gagan M.K., and Pareschi M.T. Enhanced rainfall in the Western Mediterranean during deposition of sapropel S1: stalagmite evidence from Corchia cave (Central Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 279-286
152. Ziv B., Dayan U., Kushnir Y., Roth C., and Enzel Y. Regional and global atmospheric patterns governing rainfall in the southern Levant. International Journal of Climatology 26 (2006) 55-73