Induced sputum in interstitial lung diseases: Novel insights in the diagnosis, evaluation and research

Respiration

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 351-358

  Economidou, Foteini ^a,b   Samara, Katerina D ^a   Antoniou, Katerina M ^a   Siafakas, Nikolaos M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF HERAKLION   (Greece)

Author keywords

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Evaluation; Induced sputum; Interstitial lung diseases; Management

Indexed keywords

SODIUM CHLORIDE;

AIRWAY; ALLERGIC PNEUMONITIS; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; HUMAN; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LUNG LAVAGE; LUNG SARCOIDOSIS; OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPUTUM;

BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; HUMANS; LUNG DISEASES, INTERSTITIAL; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; SPECIMEN HANDLING; SPUTUM;

EID: 64449085279     PISSN: 00257931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000187725     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Tsoumakidou M, Tzanakis N, Siafakas NM: Induced sputum in the investigation of airway inflammation of COPD. Respir Med 2003; 97: 863-871.
2. Olivieri D, D'Ippolito R, Chetta A: Induced sputum: diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000; 6: 411-414.
3. Fahy JV, Wong H, Liu J, Boushey HA: Comparison of samples collected by sputum induction and bronchoscopy from asthmatic and healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 53-58.
4. Maestrelli P, Saetta M, Di Stefano A, et al: Comparison of leukocyte counts in sputum, bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 1926-1931.
5. Bickerman HA, Sproud EE, Barach AL: An aerosol method of producing bronchial secretions in human subjects: a clinical technique for detection of lung cancer. Dis Chest 1958; 4: 347-362.
6. Yue WY, Cohen SS: Sputum induction by newer inhalation methods in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Dis Chest 1967; 51: 614-620.
7. Smith CM, Anderson SD: Inhalation provocation tests using non isotonic aerosols. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84: 781-790.
8. Wong HH, Fahy JV: Safety of one method of sputum induction in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 299-303.
9. Cianchetti S, Bacci E, Ruocco L, et al: Salbutamol pretreatment does not change eosinophil percentage and eosinophilic cationic protein concentration in hypertonic salineinduced sputum in asthmatic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 712-718.
10. Popov TA, Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, et al: Some technical factors influencing the induction of sputum for cell analysis. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 559-565.
11. Bacci E, Cianchetti S, Paggiaro PL, et al: Comparison between hypertonic and isotonic saline-induced sputum in the evaluation of airway inflammation in subjects with moderate asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1996; 26: 1395-1400.
12. Djukanovic R, Sterk PJ, Fahy JV, Hargreave FE: Standardized methodology of sputum induction and processing. Eur Respir J Suppl 2002; 37: 1s-2s.
13. Pavia D, Thomson ML, Clarke SW: Enhanced clearance of secretions from the human lung after the administration of hypertonic saline aerosol. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117: 199-203.
14. Robinson M, Regnis JA, Bailey DL, King M, Bautovich GJ, Bye PT: Effect of hypertonic saline, amiloride, and cough on mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1503-1509.
15. Daviskas E, Anderson SD, Gonda I, et al: Inhalation of hypertonic saline aerosol enhances mucociliary clearance in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 725-732.
16. Gravelyn TR, Pan PM, Eschenbacher WL: Mediator release in an isolated airway segment in subjects with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 641-646.
17. Makker HK, Holgate ST: The contribution of neurogenic reflexes to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92: 82-88.
18. Iredale MJ, Wanklyn SA, Phillips IP, Krausz T, Ind PW: Non-invasive assessment of bronchial inflammation in asthma: no correlation between eosinophilia of induced sputum and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled hypertonic saline. Clin Exp Allergy 1994; 24: 940-945.
19. Pin I, Gibson PG, Kolendowicz R, et al: Use of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma. Thorax 1992; 47: 25-29.
20. Paggiaro PL, Chanez P, Holz O, et al: Sputum induction. Eur Respir J Suppl 2002; 37: 3s- 8s.
21. Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Leigh R, Djukanovic R, Sterk PJ: Safety of sputum induction. Eur Respir J Suppl 2002; 37: 9s-18s.
22. Castagnaro A, Chetta A, Foresi A, D'Ippolito R, Malorgio R, Olivieri D: Effect of sputum induction on spirometric measurements and arterial oxygen saturation in asthmatic patients, smokers, and healthy subjects. Chest 1999; 116: 941-945.
23. Fahy JV, Liu J, Wong H, Boushey HA: Cellular and biochemical analysis of induced sputum from asthmatic and from healthy subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: 1126-1131.
24. Efthimiadis A, Jayaram L, Weston S, Carruthers S, Hargreave FE: Induced sputum: time from expectoration to processing. Eur Respir J 2002; 19: 706-708.
25. Gershman NH, Wong HH, Liu JT, Mahlmeister MJ, Fahy JV: Comparison of two methods of collecting induced sputum in asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 2448-2453.
26. Pavord ID, Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, Hargreave FE: The use of induced sputum to investigate airway inflammation. Thorax 1997; 52: 498-501.
27. Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Efthimiadis A, Hargreave FE, Dolovich J: Measurement of inflammatory indices in induced sputum: effects of selection of sputum to minimize salivary contamination. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1174-1180.
28. Spanevello A, Beghe B, Bianchi A, et al: Comparison of two methods of processing induced sputum: selected versus entire sputum. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 665-668.
29. Cleland WW: Dithiothreitol, a new protective reagent for SH groups. Biochemistry 1964; 3: 480-482.
30. Efthimiadis A, Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, Dolovich J, Hargreave FE: Induced sputum cell and fluid-phase indices of inflammation: comparison of treatment with dithiothreitol vs. phosphate-buffered saline. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1336-1340.
31. Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Efthimiadis A, et al: Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 308-317.
32. Efthimiadis A, Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, et al: The influence of cell viability and squamous cell contamination on the reliability of sputum differential counts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:A384.
33. Popov T, Gottschalk R, Kolendowicz R, Dolovich J, Powers P, Hargreave FE: The evaluation of a cell dispersion method of sputum examination. Clin Exp Allergy 1994; 24: 778-783.
34. Holz O, Kips J, Magnussen H: Update on sputum methodology. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 355-359.
35. American Thoracic Society: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment: international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 646-664.
36. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society: International multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 277-304.
37. Beeh KM, Beier J, Kornmann O, Buhl R: Neutrophilic inflammation in induced sputum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Dis 2003; 20: 138-143.
38. Birring SS, Parker D, McKenna S, et al: Sputum eosinophilia in idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis. Inflamm Res 2005; 54: 51-56.
39. Antoniou KM, Alexandrakis M, Tzanakis N, et al: Induced sputum versus bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the evaluation of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiration 2005; 72: 32-38.
40. Beeh KM, Beier J, Kornmann O, Buhl R: Sputum metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and their molar ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy subjects. Respir Med 2003; 97: 634-639.
41. Antoniou KM, Tzortzaki EG, Alexandrakis MG, et al: Investigation of IL-18 and IL-12 in induced sputum of patients with IPF before and after treatment with interferon ß -1b. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2005; 22: 204-209.
42. Yamamotto M, Sharma OP, Hosoda Y: The 1991 descriptive definition of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1991; 9: 33.
43. Hunninghake GW, Crystal RG: Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disorder mediated by excess helper T-lymphocyte activity at the sites of disease activity. N Engl Med 1981; 305: 429-434.
44. Semenzato G, Chilosi M, Ossi E, et al: Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. Comparative analysis of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132: 400-404.
45. Nagai S, Izumi T: Bronchoalveolar lavage: still useful in diagnosing sarcoidosis? Clin Chest Med 1997; 18: 787-797.
46. Fireman E, Topilsky I, Greif J, et al: Induced sputum compared to bronchoalveolar lavage for evaluating patients with sarcoidosis and non-granulomatous interstitial lung disease: Respir Med 1999; 93: 827-834.
47. D'Ippolito R, Foresi A, Chetta A, et al: Induced sputum in patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis: comparison with bronchial wash and BAL Chest 1999; 115: 1611-1615.
48. Moodley YP, Dorasamy T, Venketasamy S, Naicker V, Lalloo UG: Correlation of CD4: CD8 ratio and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ß levels in induced sputum with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax 2000; 55: 696-699.
49. Winterbauer RH, Lammert J, Selland M, Wu R, Corley D, Springmeyer SC: Bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest 1993; 104: 352-361.
50. Costabel U: Sensitivity and specificity of BAL findings in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1992; 9(suppl 1):211-214.
51. Costabel U: CD4/CD8 ratios in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: of value for diagnosing sarcoidosis? Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 2699-2700.
52. Tsiligianni J, Tzanakis N, Kyriakou D, Chrysofakis G, Siafakas N, Bouros D: Comparison of sputum induction with bronchoalveolar lavage cell differential counts in patients with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2002; 19: 205-210.
53. Tsiligianni I, Antoniou KM, Kyriakou D, et al: Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum in pulmonary sarcoidosis. BMC Pulm Med 2005; 5: 8.
54. Antoniou KM, Tsiligianni I, Kyriakou D, et al: Perforin down-regulation and adhesion molecules activation in pulmonary sarcoidosis: an induced sputum and BAL study. Chest 2006; 129: 1592-1598.
55. Antoniou KM, Tzouvelekis A, Alexandrakis MG, et al: Upregulation of Th1 cytokine profile (IL-12, IL-18) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006; 26: 400-405.
56. Fireman E, Boikaner T, Priel IE: Combined CD4/CD8 ratio in induced sputum and pulmonary function testing for non-invasive identification of sarcoidosis. Transl Res 2006; 148: 87-95.
57. Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U, et al: Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 15; 168: 952-958.
58. Costabel U, Guzman J: Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001; 7: 255-261.
59. Raulf M, Liebers V, Steppert C, Baur X: Increased ß J positive T-cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 140-147.
60. Lynch DA, Rose CS, Way D, King TE Jr: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: sensitivity of high-resolution CT in a population-based study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992; 159: 469-472.
61. Mroz RM, Chyczewska E, Korniluk M, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Ossolinska M: Comparison of cellular composition of induced sputum, bronchial washings and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and COPD. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2002; 70: 468-477.
62. D'Ippolito R, Chetta A, Foresi A, et al: Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respir Med 2004; 98: 977-983.
63. Paran D, Fireman E, Elkayam O: Pulmonary disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 3: 70-75.
64. Vatrella A, Bocchino M, Perna F, et al: Induced sputum as a tool for early detection of airway inflammation in connective diseaserelated lung involvement Respir Med 2007; 101: 1383-1389.
65. Fireman Z, Osipov A, Kivity S, et al: The use of induced sputum in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 730-734.
66. Neudorfer M, Leibovitch I, Onn A, Loewenstein A, Fireman E: Induced sputum for identifying sarcoidosis in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 858-861.
67. Mamessier E, Milhe F, Badier M, Thomas P, Magnan A, Reynaud-Gaubert M: Comparison of induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006 ;25: 523-532.