메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 64-75

Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation: Focus on atrial selectivity and safety

Author keywords

Antiarrhythmic drugs; Atrial fibrillation; Atrial selective agents; IKACh blocker; IKur blocker; Safety

Indexed keywords

2 [7 [3 (4 CYANOPHENOXY) 2 HYDROXYPROPYL] 9 OXA 3,7 DIAZABICYCLO[3.3.1]NON 3 YL]ETHYLCARBAMIC ACID TERT BUTYL ESTER; 2' (4 METHOXYPHENYLACETAMIDOMETHYL) N [2 (3 PYRIDYL)ETHYL] 2 BIPHENYLCARBOXAMIDE; ACETYLCHOLINE; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; AVE 1231; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOFETILIDE; FLECAINIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IBUTILIDE; ISQ 1; NIP 142; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO; PROPAFENONE; ROTIGAPTIDE; SOTALOL; TEDISAMIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VERNAKALANT; XEN D 0101;

EID: 64149126280     PISSN: 18715257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152509787047621     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (118)
  • 4
    • 0028299731 scopus 로고
    • Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study
    • Benjamin, E.J.; Levy, D.; Vaziri, S.M.; D'Agostino, R.B.; Belanger, A.J.; Wolf, P.A. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA, 1994, 271, 840.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 840
    • Benjamin, E.J.1    Levy, D.2    Vaziri, S.M.3    D'Agostino, R.B.4    Belanger, A.J.5    Wolf, P.A.6
  • 5
    • 0037456855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy
    • Maisel, W.H.; Stevenson, L.W. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy. Am. J. Cardiol., 2003, 91, 2D.
    • (2003) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.91
    • Maisel, W.H.1    Stevenson, L.W.2
  • 6
    • 0015776980 scopus 로고
    • Left atrial size and atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis. Factors influencing their relationship
    • Probst,P.; Goldschlager, N.; Selzer, A. Left atrial size and atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis. Factors influencing their relationship. Circulation, 1973, 48, 1282.
    • (1973) Circulation , vol.48 , pp. 1282
    • Probst, P.1    Goldschlager, N.2    Selzer, A.3
  • 8
    • 0035832261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: National implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
    • Go, A.S.; Hylek, E.M.; Phillips, K.A.; Chang, Y.; Henault, L.E.; Selby, J.V.; Singer, D.E. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA, 2001, 285, 2370.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2370
    • Go, A.S.1    Hylek, E.M.2    Phillips, K.A.3    Chang, Y.4    Henault, L.E.5    Selby, J.V.6    Singer, D.E.7
  • 9
    • 0028921708 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications
    • Feinberg, W.; Blackshear, J.; Laupacis, A.; Kronmal, R.; Hart, R. Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications. Arch. Intern. Med., 1995, 155, 469.
    • (1995) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.155 , pp. 469
    • Feinberg, W.1    Blackshear, J.2    Laupacis, A.3    Kronmal, R.4    Hart, R.5
  • 12
    • 0034700286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pappone, C.; Rosanio, S.; Oreto, G.; Tocchi, M.; Gugliotta, F.; Vicedomini, G.; Salvati, A.; Dicandia, C.; Mazzone, P.; Santinelli, V.; Gulletta, S.; Chierchia, S. Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: A new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2000, 102, 2619. 13 Sundt, T.; Camillo, C.; Cox, J. The maze procedure for cure of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol. Clin., 1997, 15, 739.
    • Pappone, C.; Rosanio, S.; Oreto, G.; Tocchi, M.; Gugliotta, F.; Vicedomini, G.; Salvati, A.; Dicandia, C.; Mazzone, P.; Santinelli, V.; Gulletta, S.; Chierchia, S. Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: A new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2000, 102, 2619. 13 Sundt, T.; Camillo, C.; Cox, J. The maze procedure for cure of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol. Clin., 1997, 15, 739.
  • 13
    • 85120182551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuster, V, Ryden, L.E, Cannom, D.S, Crijns, H.J, Curtis, A.B, Ellenbogen, K.A, Halperin, J.L, Le Heuzey, J.Y, Kay, G.N, Lowe, J.E, Olsson, S.B, Prystowsky, E.N, Tamargo, J.L, Wann, S, Smith, S.C, Jacobs, A.K, Adams, C.D, Anderson, J.L, Antman, E.M, Halperin, J.L, Hunt, S.A, Nishimura, R, Ornato, J.P, Page, R.L, Riegel, B, Priori, S.G, Blanc, J.J, Budaj, A, Camm, A.J, Dean, V. Deckers, J.W, Despres, C, Dickstein, K, Lekakis, J, McGregor, K, Metra, M, Morais, J, Osterspey, A, Tamargo, J.L, Zamorano, J.L. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2006, 114, e257
    • Fuster, V.; Ryden, L.E.; Cannom, D.S.; Crijns, H.J.; Curtis, A.B.; Ellenbogen, K.A.; Halperin, J.L.; Le Heuzey, J.Y.; Kay, G.N.; Lowe, J.E.; Olsson, S.B.; Prystowsky, E.N.; Tamargo, J.L.; Wann, S.; Smith, S.C.; Jacobs, A.K.; Adams, C.D.; Anderson, J.L.; Antman, E.M.; Halperin, J.L.; Hunt, S.A.; Nishimura, R.; Ornato, J.P.; Page, R.L.; Riegel, B.; Priori, S.G.; Blanc, J.J.; Budaj, A.; Camm, A.J.; Dean, V. Deckers, J.W.; Despres, C.; Dickstein, K.; Lekakis, J.; McGregor, K.; Metra, M.; Morais, J.; Osterspey, A.; Tamargo, J.L.; Zamorano, J.L. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2006, 114, e257.
  • 15
    • 0037050001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on
    • Nattel, S. New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature, 2002, 415, 219.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 219
    • Nattel, S.1
  • 16
    • 0034665058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic remodeling in the heart: Pathophysiological significance and new therapeutic opportunities for atrial fibrillation
    • Nattel, S.; Li, D. Ionic remodeling in the heart: pathophysiological significance and new therapeutic opportunities for atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res., 2000, 87, 440.
    • (2000) Circ. Res , vol.87 , pp. 440
    • Nattel, S.1    Li, D.2
  • 17
    • 0033859581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation - very new insights into very old ideas
    • Nattel, S.; Li, D.; Yue, L. Basic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation - very new insights into very old ideas. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2000, 62, 51.
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Physiol , vol.62 , pp. 51
    • Nattel, S.1    Li, D.2    Yue, L.3
  • 18
    • 0029099346 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats
    • Wijffels, M.C.; Kirchhof, C.J.; Dorland, R.; Allessie, M.A. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation, 1995, 92, 1954.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1954
    • Wijffels, M.C.1    Kirchhof, C.J.2    Dorland, R.3    Allessie, M.A.4
  • 20
    • 0030765569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic remodeling underlying action potential changes in a canine model of atrial fibrillation
    • Yue, L.; Feng, J.; Gaspo, R.; Li, G.R.; Wang, Z.; Nattel, S. Ionic remodeling underlying action potential changes in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res., 1997, 81, 512.
    • (1997) Circ. Res , vol.81 , pp. 512
    • Yue, L.1    Feng, J.2    Gaspo, R.3    Li, G.R.4    Wang, Z.5    Nattel, S.6
  • 21
    • 0030949658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outward K+ current densities and Kv1.5 expression are reduced in chronic human atrial fibrillation
    • Van Wagoner, D.R.; Pond, A.L.; McCarthy, P.M.; Trimmer, J.S.; Nerbonne, J.M. Outward K+ current densities and Kv1.5 expression are reduced in chronic human atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res. 1997, 80, 772.
    • (1997) Circ. Res , vol.80 , pp. 772
    • Van Wagoner, D.R.1    Pond, A.L.2    McCarthy, P.M.3    Trimmer, J.S.4    Nerbonne, J.M.5
  • 23
    • 33646694997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cha, T.J.; Ehrlich, J.R.; Chartier, D; Qi, X.Y.; Xiao, L.; Nattel, S. Kir3-based inward rectifier potassium current: potential role in atrial tachycardia remodeling effects on atrial repolarization and arrhythmias. Circulation, 2006, 113, 1730.
    • Cha, T.J.; Ehrlich, J.R.; Chartier, D; Qi, X.Y.; Xiao, L.; Nattel, S. Kir3-based inward rectifier potassium current: potential role in atrial tachycardia remodeling effects on atrial repolarization and arrhythmias. Circulation, 2006, 113, 1730.
  • 24
    • 2942645765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a hyperpolarization-activated time-dependent potassium current in canine cardiomyocytes from pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves and left atrium
    • Ehrlich, J.R.; Cha, T.J.; Zhang, L.; Chartier, D.; Villeneuve, L.; Hébert, T.E.; Nattel, S. Characterization of a hyperpolarization-activated time-dependent potassium current in canine cardiomyocytes from pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves and left atrium. J. Physiol., 2004, 557, 583.
    • (2004) J. Physiol , vol.557 , pp. 583
    • Ehrlich, J.R.1    Cha, T.J.2    Zhang, L.3    Chartier, D.4    Villeneuve, L.5    Hébert, T.E.6    Nattel, S.7
  • 25
    • 33644875185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The G protein-gated potassium current I(K,ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation
    • Dobrev, D.; Friedrich, A.; Voigt, N.; Jost, N.; Wettwer, E.; Christ, T.; Knaut, M.; Ravens, U. The G protein-gated potassium current I(K,ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2005, 112, 3697.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3697
    • Dobrev, D.1    Friedrich, A.2    Voigt, N.3    Jost, N.4    Wettwer, E.5    Christ, T.6    Knaut, M.7    Ravens, U.8
  • 27
    • 4644370831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blaauw, Y.; Gogelein, H.; Tieleman, R.G.; Van, H.A.; Schotten, U.; Allessie, M.A. Early class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat. Circulation, 2004, 110, 1717. 29 Duytschaever, M.; Blaauw, Y.; Allessie, M. Consequences of atrial electrical remodeling for the anti-arrhythmic action of class IC and class III drugs. Cardiovasc. Res., 2005, 67, 69.
    • Blaauw, Y.; Gogelein, H.; Tieleman, R.G.; Van, H.A.; Schotten, U.; Allessie, M.A. "Early" class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat. Circulation, 2004, 110, 1717. 29 Duytschaever, M.; Blaauw, Y.; Allessie, M. Consequences of atrial electrical remodeling for the anti-arrhythmic action of class IC and class III drugs. Cardiovasc. Res., 2005, 67, 69.
  • 28
    • 0037132680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic actions of dl-sotalol in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
    • Tse, H.F.; Lau, C.P. Electrophysiologic actions of dl-sotalol in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2002, 40, 2150.
    • (2002) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 2150
    • Tse, H.F.1    Lau, C.P.2
  • 29
    • 36148988843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of atrial electrical remodeling on the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs: Comparison of amiodarone with I(Kr)- and I(to)/IKur-blockade in vivo
    • Linz, D.K.; Afkham, F.; Itter, G.; Rutten, H.; Wirth, K.J. Effect of atrial electrical remodeling on the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs: comparison of amiodarone with I(Kr)- and I(to)/IKur-blockade in vivo. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 2007, 18, 1313.
    • (2007) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol , vol.18 , pp. 1313
    • Linz, D.K.1    Afkham, F.2    Itter, G.3    Rutten, H.4    Wirth, K.J.5
  • 30
    • 0036217226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation
    • Bosch, R.F.; Nattel, S. Cellular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc. Res., 2002, 54, 259.
    • (2002) Cardiovasc. Res , vol.54 , pp. 259
    • Bosch, R.F.1    Nattel, S.2
  • 31
    • 0033574615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms underlying ionic remodeling in a dog model of atrial fibrillation
    • Yue, L.; Melnyk, P.; Gaspo, R.; Wang, Z.; Nattel, S. Molecular mechanisms underlying ionic remodeling in a dog model of atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res., 1999, 84, 776.
    • (1999) Circ. Res , vol.84 , pp. 776
    • Yue, L.1    Melnyk, P.2    Gaspo, R.3    Wang, Z.4    Nattel, S.5
  • 32
    • 0032982033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: Insights from a mathematical model
    • Courtemanche, M.; Ramirez, R.J.; Nattel, S. Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: insights from a mathematical model. Cardiovasc. Res., 1999, 42, 477.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc. Res , vol.42 , pp. 477
    • Courtemanche, M.1    Ramirez, R.J.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 37
    • 0025278206 scopus 로고
    • CAST and beyond. Implications of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology
    • Akhtar, M.; Breithardt, G.; Camm, A.J.; Coumel, P.; Janse, M.J.; Lazzara, R.; Myerburg, R.J.; Schwartz, P.J.; Waldo, A.L.; Wellens, H.J. CAST and beyond. Implications of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. Circulation, 1990, 81, 1123.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1123
    • Akhtar, M.1    Breithardt, G.2    Camm, A.J.3    Coumel, P.4    Janse, M.J.5    Lazzara, R.6    Myerburg, R.J.7    Schwartz, P.J.8    Waldo, A.L.9    Wellens, H.J.10
  • 38
    • 0024321898 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction
    • The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators
    • The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med., 1989, 321, 406.
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.321 , pp. 406
  • 39
    • 0027376226 scopus 로고
    • Sustained depolarization-induced outward current in human atrial myocytes. Evidence for a novel delayed rectifier K+ current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents
    • Wang, Z.; Fermini, B.; Nattel, S. Sustained depolarization-induced outward current in human atrial myocytes. Evidence for a novel delayed rectifier K+ current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents. Circ. Res., 1993, 73, 1061.
    • (1993) Circ. Res , vol.73 , pp. 1061
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 40
    • 0031003283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against Kv1.5 mRNA specifically inhibit ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current in cultured adult human atrial myocytes
    • Feng, J.; Wible, B.; Li, G.R.; Wang, Z.; Nattel, S. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against Kv1.5 mRNA specifically inhibit ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current in cultured adult human atrial myocytes. Circ. Res., 1997, 80, 572.
    • (1997) Circ. Res , vol.80 , pp. 572
    • Feng, J.1    Wible, B.2    Li, G.R.3    Wang, Z.4    Nattel, S.5
  • 41
    • 2342469473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacophore-based search, synthesis, and biological evaluation of anthranilic amides as novel blockers of the Kv1.5 channel
    • Peukert, S.; Brendel, J.; Pirard, B.; Strübing, C.; Kleemann, H.W.; Böhme, T.; Hemmerle, H. Pharmacophore-based search, synthesis, and biological evaluation of anthranilic amides as novel blockers of the Kv1.5 channel. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2004, 14, 2823.
    • (2004) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.14 , pp. 2823
    • Peukert, S.1    Brendel, J.2    Pirard, B.3    Strübing, C.4    Kleemann, H.W.5    Böhme, T.6    Hemmerle, H.7
  • 45
    • 33748741192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AVE0118, blocker of the transient outward current (I(to)) and ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I(Kur)), fully restores atrial contractility after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in the goat
    • de Haan, S.;Greiser, M.; Harks, E.; Blaauw, Y.; van Hunnik, A.; Verheule, S.; Allessie, M.; Schotten, U. AVE0118, blocker of the transient outward current (I(to)) and ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I(Kur)), fully restores atrial contractility after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in the goat. Circulation, 2006, 114, 1234.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 1234
    • de Haan, S.1    Greiser, M.2    Harks, E.3    Blaauw, Y.4    van Hunnik, A.5    Verheule, S.6    Allessie, M.7    Schotten, U.8
  • 46
    • 5444232406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of IKur in controlling action potential shape and contractility in the human atrium: Influence of chronic atrial fibrillation
    • Wettwer, E.; Hála, O.; Christ, T.; Heubach, J.F.; Dobrev, D.; Knaut, M.; Varró, A.; Ravens, U. Role of IKur in controlling action potential shape and contractility in the human atrium: influence of chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2004, 110, 2299.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2299
    • Wettwer, E.1    Hála, O.2    Christ, T.3    Heubach, J.F.4    Dobrev, D.5    Knaut, M.6    Varró, A.7    Ravens, U.8
  • 47
    • 34249905500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation by a combination of atrial specific and non-specific class III drugs in the goat
    • Blaauw, Y.; Schotten, U.; van Hunnik, A.; Neuberger, H.R.; Allessie, M.A. Cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation by a combination of atrial specific and non-specific class III drugs in the goat. Cardiovasc. Res., 2007, 75, 89.
    • (2007) Cardiovasc. Res , vol.75 , pp. 89
    • Blaauw, Y.1    Schotten, U.2    van Hunnik, A.3    Neuberger, H.R.4    Allessie, M.A.5
  • 48
    • 84870965272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web site http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/ p_rd_portfolio_cardio.asp.
    • Web site
  • 52
    • 65749120905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Website http://www.xention.com/PDFs/Phase1.pdf Website press release (2006).
    • Website http://www.xention.com/PDFs/Phase1.pdf Website press release (2006).
  • 53
    • 34247282162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of an isoquinoline IKur blocker, ISQ-1, in rat, dog, and nonhuman primate
    • Regan, C.P.; Stump, G.L.; Wallace, A.A.; Anderson, K.D.; McIntyre, C.J.; Liverton, N.J.; Lynch J.J. In vivo cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of an isoquinoline IKur blocker, ISQ-1, in rat, dog, and nonhuman primate. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2007, 49, 236.
    • (2007) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 236
    • Regan, C.P.1    Stump, G.L.2    Wallace, A.A.3    Anderson, K.D.4    McIntyre, C.J.5    Liverton, N.J.6    Lynch, J.J.7
  • 55
    • 0033069657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of vascular smooth muscle K+ channels by endothelium-derived relaxing factors
    • Waldron, G.J.; Cole, W.C. Activation of vascular smooth muscle K+ channels by endothelium-derived relaxing factors. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 1999, 26, 180.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 180
    • Waldron, G.J.1    Cole, W.C.2
  • 56
    • 0029079002 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of potassium channel expression by antisense oligonucleotides in a pituitary cell line
    • Chung, S.; Saal, D.B.; Kaczmarek, L.K. Elimination of potassium channel expression by antisense oligonucleotides in a pituitary cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 1995, 92, 5955.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA , vol.92 , pp. 5955
    • Chung, S.1    Saal, D.B.2    Kaczmarek, L.K.3
  • 58
    • 33745869067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hashimoto, N.; Yamashita, T.; Tsuruzoe, N. Tertiapin, a selective IKACh blocker, terminates atrial fibrillation with selective atrial effective refractory period prolongation. Pharmacol. Res., 2006, 54, 136.
    • Hashimoto, N.; Yamashita, T.; Tsuruzoe, N. Tertiapin, a selective IKACh blocker, terminates atrial fibrillation with selective atrial effective refractory period prolongation. Pharmacol. Res., 2006, 54, 136.
  • 60
    • 0036240252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, NIP-142, on canine atrial fibrillation and flutter
    • Nagasawa, H.; Fujiki, A.; Fujikura, N.; Matsuda, T.; Yamashita, T.; Inoue, H. Effects of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, NIP-142, on canine atrial fibrillation and flutter. Circ. J., 2002, 66, 185.
    • (2002) Circ. J , vol.66 , pp. 185
    • Nagasawa, H.1    Fujiki, A.2    Fujikura, N.3    Matsuda, T.4    Yamashita, T.5    Inoue, H.6
  • 61
    • 0035896260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by a novel anti-arrhythmic agent, NIP-142, of cloned human cardiac K+ channel Kv1.5 current
    • Matsuda T, Masumiya H, Tanaka N, Yamashita T, Tsuruzoe N, Tanaka Y. Inhibition by a novel anti-arrhythmic agent, NIP-142, of cloned human cardiac K+ channel Kv1.5 current. Life Sci., 2001, 68, 2017-2024.
    • (2001) Life Sci , vol.68 , pp. 2017-2024
    • Matsuda, T.1    Masumiya, H.2    Tanaka, N.3    Yamashita, T.4    Tsuruzoe, N.5    Tanaka, Y.6
  • 62
    • 0036140201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of NIP-141 on K currents in human atrial myocytes
    • Seki, A.; Hagiwara, N.; Kasanuki, H. Effects of NIP-141 on K currents in human atrial myocytes. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2002, 39, 29.
    • (2002) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 29
    • Seki, A.1    Hagiwara, N.2    Kasanuki, H.3
  • 63
    • 36949027676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple ion channel blocker, NIP-142, for the treatment of atrial fibrillation
    • Tanaka, H.; Hashimoto N. A multiple ion channel blocker, NIP-142, for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Drug Rev, 2007, 25, 342.
    • (2007) Cardiovasc Drug Rev , vol.25 , pp. 342
    • Tanaka, H.1    Hashimoto, N.2
  • 64
    • 34147105609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (RSD1235): A novel, atrial-selective antifibrillatory agent
    • Fedida, D. Vernakalant (RSD1235): a novel, atrial-selective antifibrillatory agent. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2007, 16, 519.
    • (2007) Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 519
    • Fedida, D.V.1
  • 65
    • 10644250949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roy, D.; Rowe, B.H.; Stiell, I.G.; Coutu, B.; Ip J.H.; Phaneuf, D.; Lee, J.; Vidaillet, H.; Dickinson, G.; Grant, S.; Ezrin, A.M.; Beatch, G.N.; for the CRAFT Investigators. A randomized, controlled trial of RSD1235, a novel anti-arrhythmic agent, in the treatment of recent onset atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 44, 2355.
    • Roy, D.; Rowe, B.H.; Stiell, I.G.; Coutu, B.; Ip J.H.; Phaneuf, D.; Lee, J.; Vidaillet, H.; Dickinson, G.; Grant, S.; Ezrin, A.M.; Beatch, G.N.; for the CRAFT Investigators. A randomized, controlled trial of RSD1235, a novel anti-arrhythmic agent, in the treatment of recent onset atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 44, 2355.
  • 66
    • 65749107481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pratt, C.M; Navratil, J.; Nagy A. Oral vernakalant (RSD1235-SR) prevents recurrence of atrial fibrillation following cardioversion. Heart Rhythm, 2007, 4, S176.
    • Pratt, C.M; Navratil, J.; Nagy A. Oral vernakalant (RSD1235-SR) prevents recurrence of atrial fibrillation following cardioversion. Heart Rhythm, 2007, 4, S176.
  • 68
    • 33646535323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RSD1235 blocks late INa and suppresses early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes induced by class III agents
    • Orth PM, Hesketh JC, Mak CK, Yang Y, Lin S, Beatch GN. RSD1235 blocks late INa and suppresses early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes induced by class III agents. Cardiovasc. Res., 2006, 70, 486.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc. Res , vol.70 , pp. 486
    • Orth, P.M.1    Hesketh, J.C.2    Mak, C.K.3    Yang, Y.4    Lin, S.5    Beatch, G.N.6
  • 69
    • 34547666917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of vernakalant (RSD1235), an investigational antiarrhythmic agent, on atrial electrophysiology in humans
    • Dorian, P.; Pinter, A.; Mangat, I.; Korley, V.; Cvitkovic, S.; Beatch, G. The effect of vernakalant (RSD1235), an investigational antiarrhythmic agent, on atrial electrophysiology in humans. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2007, 50, 35.
    • (2007) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 35
    • Dorian, P.1    Pinter, A.2    Mangat, I.3    Korley, V.4    Cvitkovic, S.5    Beatch, G.6
  • 70
    • 33646684512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZD7009 in atrial and ventricular tissue of the dog
    • Carlsson, L.; Chartier, D.; Nattel, S. Characterization of the in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZD7009 in atrial and ventricular tissue of the dog. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2006, 47, 123.
    • (2006) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 123
    • Carlsson, L.1    Chartier, D.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 71
    • 15544368375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking characteristics of hERG, hNav1.5, and hKvLQT1/hminK after administration of the novel anti-arrhythmic compound AZD7009
    • Persson, F.; Carlsson, L.; Duker, G.; Jacobson, I. Blocking characteristics of hERG, hNav1.5, and hKvLQT1/hminK after administration of the novel anti-arrhythmic compound AZD7009. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 2005, 16, 329.
    • (2005) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol , vol.16 , pp. 329
    • Persson, F.1    Carlsson, L.2    Duker, G.3    Jacobson, I.4
  • 72
    • 10944238690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azd7009: A new antiarrhythmic drug with predominant effects on the atria effectively terminates and prevents reinduction of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the sterile pericarditis model
    • Goldstein, R.N.; Khrestian, C.; Carlsson, L.; Waldo, A.L. Azd7009: a new antiarrhythmic drug with predominant effects on the atria effectively terminates and prevents reinduction of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the sterile pericarditis model. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 2004, 15, 1444.
    • (2004) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol , vol.15 , pp. 1444
    • Goldstein, R.N.1    Khrestian, C.2    Carlsson, L.3    Waldo, A.L.4
  • 73
    • 10944265043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZD7009: A new antifibrillatory compound that markedly delays atrial refratoriness in the anesthetised dog
    • Duker, G.; Björkman, J.A.; Linhardt, G.; Carlsson, L. AZD7009: a new antifibrillatory compound that markedly delays atrial refratoriness in the anesthetised dog. Heart Rhythm, 2004, 1, S159.
    • (2004) Heart Rhythm , vol.1
    • Duker, G.1    Björkman, J.A.2    Linhardt, G.3    Carlsson, L.4
  • 76
    • 1242307392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freestone, B.; Lip, G.Y. Tedisamil: a new novel antiarrhythmic. Expert. Opin. Investig.Drugs, 2004, 13, 151.
    • Freestone, B.; Lip, G.Y. Tedisamil: a new novel antiarrhythmic. Expert. Opin. Investig.Drugs, 2004, 13, 151.
  • 77
    • 0024996244 scopus 로고
    • Tedisamil blocks the transient and delayed rectifier K+ currents in mammalian cardiac and glial cells
    • Dukes, I.; Cleemann, L.; Morad, M. Tedisamil blocks the transient and delayed rectifier K+ currents in mammalian cardiac and glial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990, 254, 560.
    • (1990) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.254 , pp. 560
    • Dukes, I.1    Cleemann, L.2    Morad, M.3
  • 79
    • 0031785347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of block by tedisamil of transient outward current in human ventricular subepicardial myocytes
    • Wettwer, E.; Himmel, H.M.; Amos, G.J.; Li, Q.; Metzger, F.; Ravens, U; Mechanism of block by tedisamil of transient outward current in human ventricular subepicardial myocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 125, 659.
    • (1998) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.125 , pp. 659
    • Wettwer, E.1    Himmel, H.M.2    Amos, G.J.3    Li, Q.4    Metzger, F.5    Ravens, U.6
  • 80
    • 8844228183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the antifibrillatory compound tedisamil (KC-8857) on transmembrane currents in mammalian ventricular myocytes
    • Jost, N.; Virág L.; Hála O.; Varro, A.; Thormählen, D.; Papp, J. Effect of the antifibrillatory compound tedisamil (KC-8857) on transmembrane currents in mammalian ventricular myocytes. Curr Med Chem. 2004, 11, 3219.
    • (2004) Curr Med Chem , vol.11 , pp. 3219
    • Jost, N.1    Virág, L.2    Hála, O.3    Varro, A.4    Thormählen, D.5    Papp, J.6
  • 81
    • 3242751339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of intravenously administered tedisamil for rapid conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
    • Hohnloser S.H.; Dorian, P.; Straub, M.; Beckmann, K.; Kowey, P. Safety and efficacy of intravenously administered tedisamil for rapid conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 44, 99.
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 99
    • Hohnloser, S.H.1    Dorian, P.2    Straub, M.3    Beckmann, K.4    Kowey, P.5
  • 82
    • 65749119359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Website
    • FDA Website: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/default.htm.
  • 83
    • 0034812869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of myocardial gap junctions in electrical conduction and arrhythmogenesis
    • Kanno, S.; Saffitz, J.E. The role of myocardial gap junctions in electrical conduction and arrhythmogenesis. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2001, 10, 169.
    • (2001) Cardiovasc. Pathol , vol.10 , pp. 169
    • Kanno, S.1    Saffitz, J.E.2
  • 84
    • 0031055039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbed connexin43 gap junction distribution correlates with the location of reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts that cause ventricular tachycardia
    • Peters, N.S.; Coromilas, J.; Severs, N.J.; Wit, A.L. Disturbed connexin43 gap junction distribution correlates with the location of reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts that cause ventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 1997, 95, 988.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 988
    • Peters, N.S.1    Coromilas, J.2    Severs, N.J.3    Wit, A.L.4
  • 91
    • 36649038408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of gap junction function with the novel compound rotigaptide: A promising new principle for prevention of arrhythmias
    • Kjølbye, A.L.; Haugan, K.; Hennan, J.K.; Petersen, J.S. Pharmacological modulation of gap junction function with the novel compound rotigaptide: a promising new principle for prevention of arrhythmias. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2007, 101, 215.
    • (2007) Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.101 , pp. 215
    • Kjølbye, A.L.1    Haugan, K.2    Hennan, J.K.3    Petersen, J.S.4
  • 92
    • 33747031207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the gap junction modifier rotigaptide (ZP123) on atrial conduction and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation
    • Guerra, J.M.; Everett, T.H.; Lee, K.W.; Wilson, E.; Olgin, J.E. Effects of the gap junction modifier rotigaptide (ZP123) on atrial conduction and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2006, 114, 110.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 110
    • Guerra, J.M.1    Everett, T.H.2    Lee, K.W.3    Wilson, E.4    Olgin, J.E.5
  • 93
    • 33846471716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model-dependent effects of the gap junction conduction-enhancing antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide (ZP123) on experimental atrial fibrillation in dogs
    • Shiroshita-Takeshita, A.; Sakabe, M.; Haugan, K.; Hennan, J.K.; Nattel, S. Model-dependent effects of the gap junction conduction-enhancing antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide (ZP123) on experimental atrial fibrillation in dogs. Circulation, 2007, 115, 310.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 310
    • Shiroshita-Takeshita, A.1    Sakabe, M.2    Haugan, K.3    Hennan, J.K.4    Nattel, S.5
  • 94
    • 84870965272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web site: www.zealandpharma.com/Product-Pipeline/Rotigaptide
    • Web site
  • 95
    • 0141839060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical remodeling of the atria in congestive heart failure: Electrophysiological and electro-anatomic mapping in humans
    • Sanders, P.; Morton, J.B.; Davidson, N.C.; Spence, S.J.; Vohra, J.K.; Sparks, P.B.; Kalman, J.M. Electrical remodeling of the atria in congestive heart failure: electrophysiological and electro-anatomic mapping in humans. Circulation, 2003, 108, 1461.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1461
    • Sanders, P.1    Morton, J.B.2    Davidson, N.C.3    Spence, S.J.4    Vohra, J.K.5    Sparks, P.B.6    Kalman, J.M.7
  • 96
    • 0035923479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure
    • Li, D.; Shinagawa, K.; Pang, L.; Leung, T.K.; Cardin, S.; Wang, Z.; Nattel, S. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure. Circulation, 2001, 104, 2608.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2608
    • Li, D.1    Shinagawa, K.2    Pang, L.3    Leung, T.K.4    Cardin, S.5    Wang, Z.6    Nattel, S.7
  • 97
    • 33846402378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation
    • Korantzopoulos, P.; Kolettis, T.M.; Galaris, D.; Goudevenos, J.A. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol., 2007, 115, 135.
    • (2007) Int. J. Cardiol , vol.115 , pp. 135
    • Korantzopoulos, P.1    Kolettis, T.M.2    Galaris, D.3    Goudevenos, J.A.4
  • 98
    • 33645236163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation: Clinical and experimental evidence
    • Ehrlich, J.; Hohnloser, S.; Nattel, S. Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation: clinical and experimental evidence. Eur. Heart J., 2006, 27, 512.
    • (2006) Eur. Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 512
    • Ehrlich, J.1    Hohnloser, S.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 99
    • 0034025839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation
    • Goette, A.; Staack, T.; Röcken, C.; Arndt, M.; Geller, J.C.; Huth, C.; Ansorge, S.; Klein, H.U.; Lendeckel, U. Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2000, 35, 1669.
    • (2000) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 1669
    • Goette, A.1    Staack, T.2    Röcken, C.3    Arndt, M.4    Geller, J.C.5    Huth, C.6    Ansorge, S.7    Klein, H.U.8    Lendeckel, U.9
  • 100
    • 0033609470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trandolapril reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
    • Pederson, O.D.; Bagger, H.; Kober, L.; Torp-Pedersen, C. Trandolapril reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation, 1999, 100, 376.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 376
    • Pederson, O.D.1    Bagger, H.2    Kober, L.3    Torp-Pedersen, C.4
  • 101
    • 33746257148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation
    • Anand, K.; Mooss, A.N.; Hee, T.T.; Mohiuddin, S.M. Meta-analysis: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation. Am. Heart J., 2006, 151, 217.
    • (2006) Am. Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 217
    • Anand, K.1    Mooss, A.N.2    Hee, T.T.3    Mohiuddin, S.M.4
  • 102
    • 10744221998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of enalapril to facilitate sinus rhythm maintenance after external cardioversion of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Results of a prospective and controlled study
    • Ueng, K.C.; Tsai, T.P.; Yu, W.C.; Tsai, C.F.; Lin, M.C.; Chan, K.C.; Chen, C.Y.; Wu, D.J.; Lin, C.S.; Chen, S.A. Use of enalapril to facilitate sinus rhythm maintenance after external cardioversion of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Results of a prospective and controlled study. Eur. Heart J., 2003, 24, 2090.
    • (2003) Eur. Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 2090
    • Ueng, K.C.1    Tsai, T.P.2    Yu, W.C.3    Tsai, C.F.4    Lin, M.C.5    Chan, K.C.6    Chen, C.Y.7    Wu, D.J.8    Lin, C.S.9    Chen, S.A.10
  • 106
    • 34249738442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism modulates symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation
    • Darbar, D.; Motsinger, A.A.; Ritchie, M.D.; Gainer, J.V.; Roden, D.M. Polymorphism modulates symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2007, 4, 743.
    • (2007) Heart Rhythm , vol.4 , pp. 743
    • Darbar, D.1    Motsinger, A.A.2    Ritchie, M.D.3    Gainer, J.V.4    Roden, D.M.5
  • 107
    • 17144421237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism
    • Milliez, P.; Girerd, X.; Plouin, P.F.; Blacher, J.; Safar, M.E.; Mourad, J.J. Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2005, 45, 1243.
    • (2005) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 1243
    • Milliez, P.1    Girerd, X.2    Plouin, P.F.3    Blacher, J.4    Safar, M.E.5    Mourad, J.J.6
  • 108
    • 33645974590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone antagonism as an antiarrhythmic approach for atrial arrhythmias in heart failure
    • Ram, R.; Van Wagoner D.R. Aldosterone antagonism as an antiarrhythmic approach for atrial arrhythmias in heart failure. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 2006, 17, 542.
    • (2006) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol , vol.17 , pp. 542
    • Ram, R.1    Van Wagoner, D.R.2
  • 110
    • 0346996797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of statin drugs in protecting against atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Young-Xu, Y.; Jabbour, S.; Goldberg, R.; Blatt, C.M.; Graboys, T.; Bilchik, B.; Ravid, S. Usefulness of statin drugs in protecting against atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 2003, 92, 1379.
    • (2003) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 1379
    • Young-Xu, Y.1    Jabbour, S.2    Goldberg, R.3    Blatt, C.M.4    Graboys, T.5    Bilchik, B.6    Ravid, S.7
  • 111
    • 33646194460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of atorvastatin on the recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion
    • Ozaydin, M.; Varol, E.; Aslan, S.M.; Kucuktepe, Z.; Dogan, A.; Ozturk, M.; Altinbas, A. Effect of atorvastatin on the recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion. Am. J. Cardiol., 2006, 97, 1490.
    • (2006) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.97 , pp. 1490
    • Ozaydin, M.1    Varol, E.2    Aslan, S.M.3    Kucuktepe, Z.4    Dogan, A.5    Ozturk, M.6    Altinbas, A.7
  • 112
    • 0242572150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence by statin therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation after successful cardioversion
    • Siu, C.W.; Lau, C.P.; Tse, H.F. Prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence by statin therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation after successful cardioversion. Am. J. Cardiol., 2003, 92, 1343.
    • (2003) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 1343
    • Siu, C.W.1    Lau, C.P.2    Tse, H.F.3
  • 113
    • 33749505716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Results of the ARMYDA-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study
    • Patti, G.; Chello, M.; Candura, D.; Pasceri, V.; D'Ambrosio, A.; Covino, E.; Di Sciascio, G. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: results of the ARMYDA-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study. Circulation, 2006, 114, 1455.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 1455
    • Patti, G.1    Chello, M.2    Candura, D.3    Pasceri, V.4    D'Ambrosio, A.5    Covino, E.6    Di Sciascio, G.7
  • 115
    • 33846402378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation
    • Korantzopoulos, P.; Kolettis, T.M.; Galaris, D.; Goudevenos, J.A. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol., 2007, 115, 135.
    • (2007) Int. J. Cardiol , vol.115 , pp. 135
    • Korantzopoulos, P.1    Kolettis, T.M.2    Galaris, D.3    Goudevenos, J.A.4
  • 118
    • 33645239644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids from fish and incidence of atrial fibrillation. The Rotterdam Study
    • Brouwer, I.A.; Heeringa, J.; Geleijnse, J.M.; Zock, P.L.; Witteman, J.C. Intake of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids from fish and incidence of atrial fibrillation. The Rotterdam Study. Am. Heart J., 2006, 151, 857.
    • (2006) Am. Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 857
    • Brouwer, I.A.1    Heeringa, J.2    Geleijnse, J.M.3    Zock, P.L.4    Witteman, J.C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.