메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 415-424

Cost-effective multimode polymer waveguides for high-speed on-board optical interconnects

Author keywords

Multimode waveguides; Optical interconnections; Optical polymers; Waveguide components

Indexed keywords

COST EFFECTIVENESS; LAUNCHING; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; MULTIMODE FIBERS; OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS; OPTICAL LINKS; POLYMERS; SPEED; WAVEGUIDE COUPLERS;

EID: 63649129554     PISSN: 00189197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2009.2013111     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (160)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0000852922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical interconnects in systems
    • Jun
    • A. F. J. Levi, "Optical interconnects in systems," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 750-757, Jun. 2000.
    • (2000) Proc. IEEE , vol.88 , Issue.6 , pp. 750-757
    • Levi, A.F.J.1
  • 2
    • 25844499765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures
    • A. F. Benner et al., "Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures," IBM J. Res. Develop., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 759-782, 2005.
    • (2005) IBM J. Res. Develop , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 759-782
    • Benner, A.F.1
  • 3
    • 85008013424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A roadmap to 100 G Ethernet at the enterprise data center
    • Nov
    • A. F. Benner, P. K. Pepeljugoski, and R. J. Recio, "A roadmap to 100 G Ethernet at the enterprise data center," IEEE Trans. Commun. Mag. vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 10-17, Nov. 2007.
    • (2007) IEEE Trans. Commun. Mag , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 10-17
    • Benner, A.F.1    Pepeljugoski, P.K.2    Recio, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 0031678886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-speed electrical signaling: Overview and limitations
    • Jan.-Feb
    • M. Horowitz, C.-K. K. Yang, and S. Sidiropoulos, "High-speed electrical signaling: Overview and limitations," IEEE Micro, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 12-24, Jan.-Feb. 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Micro , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-24
    • Horowitz, M.1    Yang, C.-K.K.2    Sidiropoulos, S.3
  • 5
    • 0031130291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical reasons for optical interconnection
    • D. A. B. Miller, "Physical reasons for optical interconnection," Int. J. Optoelectron., vol. 11, pp. 155-168, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. J. Optoelectron , vol.11 , pp. 155-168
    • Miller, D.A.B.1
  • 6
    • 0000894702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips
    • May
    • D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 728-749, May 2000.
    • (2000) Proc. IEEE , vol.88 , Issue.5 , pp. 728-749
    • Miller, D.A.B.1
  • 8
    • 0035481683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realistic end-to-end simulation of the optoelectronic links and comparison with the electrical interconnections for system-on-chip applications
    • Oct
    • E. D. Kyriakis-Bitzaros, N. Haralabidis, M. Lagadas, A. Georgakilas, Y. Moisiadis, and G. Halkias, "Realistic end-to-end simulation of the optoelectronic links and comparison with the electrical interconnections for system-on-chip applications," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1532-1542, Oct. 2001.
    • (2001) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.19 , Issue.10 , pp. 1532-1542
    • Kyriakis-Bitzaros, E.D.1    Haralabidis, N.2    Lagadas, M.3    Georgakilas, A.4    Moisiadis, Y.5    Halkias, G.6
  • 9
    • 33645828422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations to and solutions for optical loss in optical backplanes
    • Apr
    • S. Uhlig and M. Robertsson, "Limitations to and solutions for optical loss in optical backplanes," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1710-1724, Apr. 2006.
    • (2006) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 1710-1724
    • Uhlig, S.1    Robertsson, M.2
  • 10
    • 33749873758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terabus: Terabit/second-class card-level optical interconnect technologies
    • Sep.-Oct
    • L. Schares et al., "Terabus: Terabit/second-class card-level optical interconnect technologies," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1032-1044, Sep.-Oct. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 1032-1044
    • Schares, L.1
  • 11
    • 34247262582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration technologies for pluggable backplane optical interconnect systems
    • A. Glebov et al., "Integration technologies for pluggable backplane optical interconnect systems," Opt. Eng., vol. 46, p. 015403, 2007.
    • (2007) Opt. Eng , vol.46 , pp. 015403
    • Glebov, A.1
  • 12
    • 0345328217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical links for printed circuit boards
    • C. Berger et al., "Optical links for printed circuit boards," in Proc. IEEE LEOS, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 61-62.
    • (2003) Proc. IEEE LEOS , vol.1 , pp. 61-62
    • Berger, C.1
  • 14
    • 0037010143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer-based optical waveguides: Materials, processing, and devices
    • H. Ma et al., "Polymer-based optical waveguides: Materials, processing, and devices," Adv. Mater., vol. 14, pp. 1339-1364, 2002.
    • (2002) Adv. Mater , vol.14 , pp. 1339-1364
    • Ma, H.1
  • 15
  • 16
    • 31644442736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer devices for photonic applications
    • 2205
    • W. H. Wong et al., "Polymer devices for photonic applications," J. Cryst. Growth, vol. 288, pp. 100- 104, 2205.
    • J. Cryst. Growth , vol.288 , pp. 100-104
    • Wong, W.H.1
  • 17
    • 33947685406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filter-embedded four-channel WDM module fabricated from fluorinated polyimide
    • Jun
    • N. Kawakami, J. Kobayashi, M. Hikita, A. Kudo, F. Yamamoto, and S. Imamura, "Filter-embedded four-channel WDM module fabricated from fluorinated polyimide," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2388-2393, Jun. 2006.
    • (2006) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 2388-2393
    • Kawakami, N.1    Kobayashi, J.2    Hikita, M.3    Kudo, A.4    Yamamoto, F.5    Imamura, S.6
  • 18
    • 33846575238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of environmental reliability of optical polymer waveguides embedded on printed circuit boards
    • M. P. Immonen et al., "Investigation of environmental reliability of optical polymer waveguides embedded on printed circuit boards," Microelectron. Rel., vol. 47, pp. 363-371, 2007.
    • (2007) Microelectron. Rel , vol.47 , pp. 363-371
    • Immonen, M.P.1
  • 19
    • 43449087623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthened poly(methacrylate) materials for optical waveguides and integrated functions
    • D. Bosc et al., "Strengthened poly(methacrylate) materials for optical waveguides and integrated functions," Opt. Mater., vol. 30, pp. 1514-1530, 2008.
    • (2008) Opt. Mater , vol.30 , pp. 1514-1530
    • Bosc, D.1
  • 20
    • 2942711699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polysiloxane optical waveguide layer integrated in printed circuit board
    • S. Kopetz et al., "Polysiloxane optical waveguide layer integrated in printed circuit board," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, pp. 668-669, 2004.
    • (2004) Electron. Lett , vol.40 , pp. 668-669
    • Kopetz, S.1
  • 21
    • 33646754865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waveguide and packaging technology for optical backplanes and hybrid electrical-optical circuit boards
    • presented at the, paper 612407
    • H. Schröder et al., "Waveguide and packaging technology for optical backplanes and hybrid electrical-optical circuit boards," presented at the Proc. of SPIE, 2006, paper 612407, 6124.
    • (2006) Proc. of SPIE , pp. 6124
    • Schröder, H.1
  • 22
    • 0345014886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-loss polymeric optical waveguides with large cores fabricated by hot embossing
    • H. Mizuno et al., "Low-loss polymeric optical waveguides with large cores fabricated by hot embossing," Opt. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 2378-2380, 2003.
    • (2003) Opt. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 2378-2380
    • Mizuno, H.1
  • 23
    • 39449102813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical absorption in transparent PDMS materials applied for multimode waveguide fabrication
    • D. K. Cai et al., "Optical absorption in transparent PDMS materials applied for multimode waveguide fabrication," Opt. Mater. vol. 30, pp. 1157-1161, 2008.
    • (2008) Opt. Mater , vol.30 , pp. 1157-1161
    • Cai, D.K.1
  • 24
    • 42749099828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct laser written polymer structures and passive devices for photonics applications
    • H. Suyal et al., "Direct laser written polymer structures and passive devices for photonics applications," in Proc. CLEO Europe 2005, p. 505.
    • (2005) Proc. CLEO Europe , pp. 505
    • Suyal, H.1
  • 26
    • 27844454423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication and characterization of polymer optical waveguides with integrated micromirrors for three-dimensional board-level optical interconnects
    • Oct
    • M. P. Immonen, M. Karppinen, and J. K. Kivilahti, "Fabrication and characterization of polymer optical waveguides with integrated micromirrors for three-dimensional board-level optical interconnects," IEEE Trans. Electron. Pkg. Manuf., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 304-311, Oct. 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Electron. Pkg. Manuf , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 304-311
    • Immonen, M.P.1    Karppinen, M.2    Kivilahti, J.K.3
  • 27
    • 4644255688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G.Van SteenbergeP. GeerinckS.Van PutJ. Van KoetsemH. OttevaereD. MorlionH. TheinpontP. Van Deele, MT-compatible laser-ablated interconnections for optical printed circuit boards, J. Lightw. Technol., 22, no. 9, pp. 2083-2090, Sep.-Oct. 2004.
    • G.Van SteenbergeP. GeerinckS.Van PutJ. Van KoetsemH. OttevaereD. MorlionH. TheinpontP. Van Deele, "MT-compatible laser-ablated interconnections for optical printed circuit boards," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 2083-2090, Sep.-Oct. 2004.
  • 28
    • 33846948631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Array waveguide evanescent ribbon coupler for card-to-backplane optical interconnects
    • J. J. Yang et al., "Array waveguide evanescent ribbon coupler for card-to-backplane optical interconnects," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, 2007.
    • (2007) Opt. Lett , vol.32
    • Yang, J.J.1
  • 29
    • 0034325654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer waveguide devices with passive pigtailing: An application of LIGA technology
    • H.-D. Bauer et al., "Polymer waveguide devices with passive pigtailing: An application of LIGA technology," Synthetic Metals, vol. 115, pp. 13-20, 2000.
    • (2000) Synthetic Metals , vol.115 , pp. 13-20
    • Bauer, H.-D.1
  • 30
    • 23844476912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication method for passive alignment in polymer PLCs with U-grooves
    • Jul
    • S. Park, J.-M. Lee, and S. C. Koo, "Fabrication method for passive alignment in polymer PLCs with U-grooves," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1444-1446, Jul. 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 1444-1446
    • Park, S.1    Lee, J.-M.2    Koo, S.C.3
  • 31
    • 33845572327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive alignment of optical elements in a printed circuit board
    • T. Lamprecht et al., "Passive alignment of optical elements in a printed circuit board," in Proc. ECTC, 2006, pp. 761-767.
    • (2006) Proc. ECTC , pp. 761-767
    • Lamprecht, T.1
  • 32
    • 33747763982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Board-level optical-to-electrical signal distribution at 10 Gb/s
    • Sep
    • Y.-J. Chang, D. Guidotti, L. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and G.-K. Chang, "Board-level optical-to-electrical signal distribution at 10 Gb/s," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 17, pp. 1828-1830, Sep. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett , vol.18 , Issue.17 , pp. 1828-1830
    • Chang, Y.-J.1    Guidotti, D.2    Wan, L.3    Gaylord, T.K.4    Chang, G.-K.5
  • 33
    • 63649125100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trends in lead-free soldering
    • Feb
    • J. H. Lau and K. Liu, "Global trends in lead-free soldering," Adv. Packaging, Feb. 2004.
    • (2004) Adv. Packaging
    • Lau, J.H.1    Liu, K.2
  • 34
    • 42549140816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effective optical waveguide components for printed circuit applications
    • Passive Components and Fiber-Based Devices IV
    • J. V. DeGroot, Jr., "Cost effective optical waveguide components for printed circuit applications," Proc. SPIE, vol. 6781, Passive Components and Fiber-Based Devices IV, 2007.
    • (2007) Proc. SPIE , vol.6781
    • DeGroot Jr., J.V.1
  • 35
    • 0032022181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental and theoretical study of the offset launch technique for the enhancement of the bandwidth of multimode fiber links
    • Mar
    • L. Raddatz, I. H. White, D. G. Cunningham, and M. C. Nowell, "An experimental and theoretical study of the offset launch technique for the enhancement of the bandwidth of multimode fiber links," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 324-331, Mar. 1998.
    • (1998) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 324-331
    • Raddatz, L.1    White, I.H.2    Cunningham, D.G.3    Nowell, M.C.4
  • 36
    • 3643093729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of restricted mode excitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links
    • Apr
    • L. Raddatz, I. H. White, D. G. Cunningham, and C. Nowell, "Influence of restricted mode excitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 534-536, Apr. 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 534-536
    • Raddatz, L.1    White, I.H.2    Cunningham, D.G.3    Nowell, C.4
  • 38
    • 23844453038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density multimode integrated polymer optics
    • D. A. Zauner et al., "High-density multimode integrated polymer optics," J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt., vol. 7, pp. 445-450, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt , vol.7 , pp. 445-450
    • Zauner, D.A.1
  • 39
    • 0018441430 scopus 로고
    • Loss calculations in bent multimode optical waveguides
    • C. Winkler et al., "Loss calculations in bent multimode optical waveguides," Opt. Quantum Electron., vol. 11, pp. 173-183, 1979.
    • (1979) Opt. Quantum Electron , vol.11 , pp. 173-183
    • Winkler, C.1
  • 40
    • 84975625054 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bending losses in integrated optical circuits
    • L. D. Hutcheson et al., "Comparison of bending losses in integrated optical circuits," Opt. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 276-278, 1980.
    • (1980) Opt. Lett , vol.5 , pp. 276-278
    • Hutcheson, L.D.1
  • 41
    • 0020704187 scopus 로고
    • Loss calculation and design of arbitrarily curved integrated-optic waveguides
    • R. Baets and P. E. Lagasse, "Loss calculation and design of arbitrarily curved integrated-optic waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 73, pp. 177-182, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Opt. Soc. Amer , vol.73 , pp. 177-182
    • Baets, R.1    Lagasse, P.E.2
  • 42
    • 0024704729 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of Ti:LINbO waveguide devices. Part II. S-shaped channel waveguide bends
    • Jul
    • K. T. Koai and P.-L. Liu, "Modeling of Ti:LINbO waveguide devices. Part II. S-shaped channel waveguide bends," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1016-1022, Jul. 1989.
    • (1989) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 1016-1022
    • Koai, K.T.1    Liu, P.-L.2
  • 43
    • 4544309118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of optical dispersion in multimode polymer waveguides
    • F. E. Doany et al., "Measurement of optical dispersion in multimode polymer waveguides," in Dig. LEOS Summer Top. Meet., 2004, pp. 31-32.
    • (2004) Dig. LEOS Summer Top. Meet , pp. 31-32
    • Doany, F.E.1
  • 44
    • 0020139077 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of radiation loss in integratedoptic tapers and Y-junctions
    • R. Baets and P. E. Lagasse, "Calculation of radiation loss in integratedoptic tapers and Y-junctions," Appl. Opt., vol. 21, pp. 1972-1978, 1982.
    • (1982) Appl. Opt , vol.21 , pp. 1972-1978
    • Baets, R.1    Lagasse, P.E.2
  • 46
    • 0034476742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-cost multimode waveguide couplers for multimode fibre-based local area networks
    • S. Musa et al., "Low-cost multimode waveguide couplers for multimode fibre-based local area networks," in Proc. IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 468-469.
    • (2000) Proc. IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting , vol.2 , pp. 468-469
    • Musa, S.1
  • 47
    • 0032046648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directional couplers using fluorinated polyimide waveguides
    • Apr
    • J. Kobayashi, T. Matsura, S. Sasaki, and T. Maruno, "Directional couplers using fluorinated polyimide waveguides," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 610-614, Apr. 1998.
    • (1998) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 610-614
    • Kobayashi, J.1    Matsura, T.2    Sasaki, S.3    Maruno, T.4
  • 48
    • 0029291659 scopus 로고
    • Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications
    • Apr
    • L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, "Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 615-627, Apr. 1995.
    • (1995) J. Lightw. Technol , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-627
    • Soldano, L.B.1    Pennings, E.C.M.2
  • 49
    • 0028449790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I. IlicR. ScarmozzinoR. M. Osgood, Jr.J. T. YardleyK. W. BeesonM. J. McFarland, Modeling multimode-input star couplers in polymers, J. Lightw. Technol., 12, no. 6, pp. 996-1003, Jun. 1994.
    • I. IlicR. ScarmozzinoR. M. Osgood, Jr.J. T. YardleyK. W. BeesonM. J. McFarland, "Modeling multimode-input star couplers in polymers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 996-1003, Jun. 1994.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.