메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 169-193

The impact of political leaders' profession and education on reforms

Author keywords

Economic freedom; Economic policy; Leadership; Reforms

Indexed keywords


EID: 63249107525     PISSN: 01475967     EISSN: 10957227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2008.08.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (189)

References (66)
  • 3
    • 84916228748 scopus 로고
    • A positive theory of fiscal deficits and government debt in a democracy
    • Alesina A., and Tabellini G. A positive theory of fiscal deficits and government debt in a democracy. Review of Economic Studies 57 3 (1990) 403-414
    • (1990) Review of Economic Studies , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-414
    • Alesina, A.1    Tabellini, G.2
  • 5
    • 63249125185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alesina, Alberto, Argadna, Silvia, Trebbi, Francesco, 2006. Who adjusts and when? On the political economy of reforms. NBER Working Paper No. 12049
    • Alesina, Alberto, Argadna, Silvia, Trebbi, Francesco, 2006. Who adjusts and when? On the political economy of reforms. NBER Working Paper No. 12049
  • 6
    • 58149364940 scopus 로고
    • Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models
    • Arellano M., and Bover O. Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics 68 1 (1995) 29-51
    • (1995) Journal of Econometrics , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-51
    • Arellano, M.1    Bover, O.2
  • 8
    • 84974183585 scopus 로고
    • What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross-section data
    • Beck N., and Katz J. What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross-section data. American Political Science Review 89 3 (1995) 634-647
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 634-647
    • Beck, N.1    Katz, J.2
  • 9
    • 0034754775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New tools in comparative political economy: The database of political institutions
    • Beck T., Clarke G., Groff A., Keefer P., and Walsh P. New tools in comparative political economy: The database of political institutions. World Bank Economic Review 15 1 (2001) 165-176
    • (2001) World Bank Economic Review , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-176
    • Beck, T.1    Clarke, G.2    Groff, A.3    Keefer, P.4    Walsh, P.5
  • 11
    • 63249129632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Besley, Timothy, Pande, Rohini, Rao, Vijayendra, 2005. Political selection and the quality of government: Evidence from South India. CEPR Discussion Paper 5201
    • Besley, Timothy, Pande, Rohini, Rao, Vijayendra, 2005. Political selection and the quality of government: Evidence from South India. CEPR Discussion Paper 5201
  • 12
    • 22544466683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does political ideology affect economic growth?
    • Bjørnskov C. Does political ideology affect economic growth?. Public Choice 123 (2005) 133-146
    • (2005) Public Choice , vol.123 , pp. 133-146
    • Bjørnskov, C.1
  • 13
    • 63249136662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bjørnskov, Christian, in press. The growth-inequality association: Government ideology matters. Journal of Development Economics
    • Bjørnskov, Christian, in press. The growth-inequality association: Government ideology matters. Journal of Development Economics
  • 14
    • 0001438979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
    • Blundell R., and Bond S. Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 87 1 (1998) 115-143
    • (1998) Journal of Econometrics , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-143
    • Blundell, R.1    Bond, S.2
  • 15
    • 0042074230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the IMF and the World Bank to economic freedom
    • Boockmann B., and Dreher A. The contribution of the IMF and the World Bank to economic freedom. European Journal of Political Economy 19 3 (2003) 633-649
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 633-649
    • Boockmann, B.1    Dreher, A.2
  • 16
    • 63249113441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brender, Adi, Drazen, Allan, 2006. How do budget deficits and economic growth affect reelection prospects? Evidence from a large cross-section of countries NBER Working Paper 11862
    • Brender, Adi, Drazen, Allan, 2006. How do budget deficits and economic growth affect reelection prospects? Evidence from a large cross-section of countries NBER Working Paper 11862
  • 17
    • 3142659830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Majority rule, consensus building, and the power of the chairman: Arthur Burns and the FOMC
    • Chappell H.W., McGregor R.R., and Vermilyea T. Majority rule, consensus building, and the power of the chairman: Arthur Burns and the FOMC. The Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 36 3 (2004) 407-422
    • (2004) The Journal of Money, Credit and Banking , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-422
    • Chappell, H.W.1    McGregor, R.R.2    Vermilyea, T.3
  • 18
    • 4444295420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women as policymakers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India
    • Chattopadhyay R., and Duflo E. Women as policymakers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica 72 5 (2004) 1409-1443
    • (2004) Econometrica , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 1409-1443
    • Chattopadhyay, R.1    Duflo, E.2
  • 20
    • 0000440641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does it take a Nixon to go to China?
    • Cukierman A., and Tommasi M. When does it take a Nixon to go to China?. American Economic Review 88 1 (1998) 180-197
    • (1998) American Economic Review , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 180-197
    • Cukierman, A.1    Tommasi, M.2
  • 21
    • 0043075970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causality in the freedom-growth relationship
    • Dawson J. Causality in the freedom-growth relationship. European Journal of Political Economy 19 (2003) 479-495
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.19 , pp. 479-495
    • Dawson, J.1
  • 23
    • 0034975636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do crises induce reform? Simple empirical tests of conventional wisdom
    • Drazen A., and Easterly W. Do crises induce reform? Simple empirical tests of conventional wisdom. Economics and Politics 13 2 (2001) 129-157
    • (2001) Economics and Politics , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-157
    • Drazen, A.1    Easterly, W.2
  • 24
    • 0027839552 scopus 로고
    • The benefit of crises for economic reforms
    • Drazen A., and Grilli V. The benefit of crises for economic reforms. American Economic Review 83 3 (1993) 598-607
    • (1993) American Economic Review , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 598-607
    • Drazen, A.1    Grilli, V.2
  • 25
    • 1342332399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of IMF programs on the re-election of debtor governments
    • Dreher A. The influence of IMF programs on the re-election of debtor governments. Economics & Politics 16 1 (2004) 53-75
    • (2004) Economics & Politics , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-75
    • Dreher, A.1
  • 26
    • 33745321880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization
    • Dreher A. Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization. Applied Economics 38 10 (2006) 1091-1110
    • (2006) Applied Economics , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 1091-1110
    • Dreher, A.1
  • 27
    • 63249119918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of crises on the selection of leaders
    • Mimeo
    • Dreher, Axel, Lamla, Michael, 2007. The impact of crises on the selection of leaders. An empirical analysis. Mimeo
    • (2007) An empirical analysis
    • Dreher, A.1    Lamla, M.2
  • 28
    • 34248580539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMF programs and reforms-Inhibition or encouragement?
    • Dreher A., and Rupprecht S.M. IMF programs and reforms-Inhibition or encouragement?. Economics Letters 95 3 (2007) 320-326
    • (2007) Economics Letters , vol.95 , Issue.3 , pp. 320-326
    • Dreher, A.1    Rupprecht, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 33746119070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential mandates and ministerial institutions: Summitry of the Americas, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
    • Feinberg R.E. Presidential mandates and ministerial institutions: Summitry of the Americas, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Review of International Organizations 1 (2006) 69-94
    • (2006) Review of International Organizations , vol.1 , pp. 69-94
    • Feinberg, R.E.1
  • 32
    • 0000515718 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to reform: Status quo bias in the presence of individual specific uncertainty
    • Fernandez R., and Rodrik D. Resistance to reform: Status quo bias in the presence of individual specific uncertainty. American Economic Review 81 (1991) 1146-1155
    • (1991) American Economic Review , vol.81 , pp. 1146-1155
    • Fernandez, R.1    Rodrik, D.2
  • 34
    • 0043071590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are political economists selfish and indoctrinated? Evidence from a natural experiment
    • Frey B.S., and Meier S. Are political economists selfish and indoctrinated? Evidence from a natural experiment. Economic Inquiry 41 (2003) 448-462
    • (2003) Economic Inquiry , vol.41 , pp. 448-462
    • Frey, B.S.1    Meier, S.2
  • 35
    • 34247133433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The educational and professional background of central bankers and its effect on inflation-An empirical analysis
    • Göhlmann S., and Vaubel R. The educational and professional background of central bankers and its effect on inflation-An empirical analysis. European Economic Review 51 4 (2007) 925-942
    • (2007) European Economic Review , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 925-942
    • Göhlmann, S.1    Vaubel, R.2
  • 37
    • 0001162767 scopus 로고
    • Political and monetary institutions and public financial policies in the industrial countries
    • Grilli V., Masciandaro D., and Tabellini G. Political and monetary institutions and public financial policies in the industrial countries. Economic Policy 13 6 (1991) 341-392
    • (1991) Economic Policy , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 341-392
    • Grilli, V.1    Masciandaro, D.2    Tabellini, G.3
  • 39
    • 0000432745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth
    • de Haan J., and Sturm J.-E. On the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth. European Journal of Political Economy 16 (2000) 215-241
    • (2000) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.16 , pp. 215-241
    • de Haan, J.1    Sturm, J.-E.2
  • 40
    • 0043156190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does more democracy lead to greater economic freedom? New evidence for developing countries
    • de Haan J., and Sturm J.-E. Does more democracy lead to greater economic freedom? New evidence for developing countries. European Journal of Political Economy 19 3 (2003) 547-563
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 547-563
    • de Haan, J.1    Sturm, J.-E.2
  • 41
    • 33645290753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market oriented institutions and policies and economic growth: A critical survey
    • de Haan J., Lundström S., and Sturm J.-E. Market oriented institutions and policies and economic growth: A critical survey. Journal of Economic Surveys 20 2 (2006) 157-191
    • (2006) Journal of Economic Surveys , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-191
    • de Haan, J.1    Lundström, S.2    Sturm, J.-E.3
  • 42
    • 0033439392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The weak government thesis: Some new evidence
    • de Haan J., Sturm J.-E., and Beekhuis G. The weak government thesis: Some new evidence. Public Choice 101 (1999) 163-176
    • (1999) Public Choice , vol.101 , pp. 163-176
    • de Haan, J.1    Sturm, J.-E.2    Beekhuis, G.3
  • 43
    • 48049117708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign aid and market-liberalizing reform
    • Heckelman J., and Knack S. Foreign aid and market-liberalizing reform. Economica 75 299 (2008) 524-548
    • (2008) Economica , vol.75 , Issue.299 , pp. 524-548
    • Heckelman, J.1    Knack, S.2
  • 46
    • 2442587088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital account liberalization, the cost of capital, and economic growth
    • Henry P.B. Capital account liberalization, the cost of capital, and economic growth. American Economic Review 93 (2003) 91-96
    • (2003) American Economic Review , vol.93 , pp. 91-96
    • Henry, P.B.1
  • 47
  • 48
    • 26444568109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do leaders matter? National leadership and growth since World War II
    • Jones B.F., and Olken B.A. Do leaders matter? National leadership and growth since World War II. Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (2005) 835-864
    • (2005) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.120 , pp. 835-864
    • Jones, B.F.1    Olken, B.A.2
  • 49
    • 33746169399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donor influence in multilateral development banks: The case of the Asian Development Bank
    • Kilby C. Donor influence in multilateral development banks: The case of the Asian Development Bank. Review of International Organizations 2 1 (2006) 159-173
    • (2006) Review of International Organizations , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 159-173
    • Kilby, C.1
  • 50
    • 33749316785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the incentives to experiment in federations
    • Kotsogiannis C., and Schwager R. On the incentives to experiment in federations. Journal of Urban Economics 60 3 (2006) 484-497
    • (2006) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 484-497
    • Kotsogiannis, C.1    Schwager, R.2
  • 51
    • 32544443016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoid Hubris: And other lessons for reformers
    • McMillan J. Avoid Hubris: And other lessons for reformers. Finance and Development 41 (2004) 34-37
    • (2004) Finance and Development , vol.41 , pp. 34-37
    • McMillan, J.1
  • 53
    • 0000604269 scopus 로고
    • Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects
    • Nickell S.J. Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica 49 (1981) 1417-1426
    • (1981) Econometrica , vol.49 , pp. 1417-1426
    • Nickell, S.J.1
  • 54
    • 3042576333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can mandated political representation increase policy influence for disadvantaged minorities? Theory and evidence from India
    • Pande R. Can mandated political representation increase policy influence for disadvantaged minorities? Theory and evidence from India. American Economic Review 93 4 (2003) 1132-1151
    • (2003) American Economic Review , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 1132-1151
    • Pande, R.1
  • 55
    • 33644662922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are structural reforms so difficult?
    • Rajan R. Why are structural reforms so difficult?. Finance and Development 41 2 (2004) 56-57
    • (2004) Finance and Development , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 56-57
    • Rajan, R.1
  • 56
    • 0010543423 scopus 로고
    • Political and economic determinants of budget deficits in the industrial democracies
    • Roubini N., and Sachs J.D. Political and economic determinants of budget deficits in the industrial democracies. European Economic Review 33 (1989) 903-938
    • (1989) European Economic Review , vol.33 , pp. 903-938
    • Roubini, N.1    Sachs, J.D.2
  • 58
    • 33644774561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A skeptic comment on the studies of economics
    • Rubinstein A. A skeptic comment on the studies of economics. European Journal 116 (2006) C1-C9
    • (2006) European Journal , vol.116
    • Rubinstein, A.1
  • 60
    • 3142769014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustments in different government systems
    • Spolaore E. Adjustments in different government systems. Economics & Politics 16 (2004) 117-146
    • (2004) Economics & Politics , vol.16 , pp. 117-146
    • Spolaore, E.1
  • 61
    • 4444262584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does right or left matter? Cabinets, credibility and fiscal adjustments
    • Tavares J. Does right or left matter? Cabinets, credibility and fiscal adjustments. Journal of Public Economics 88 12 (2004) 2447-2468
    • (2004) Journal of Public Economics , vol.88 , Issue.12 , pp. 2447-2468
    • Tavares, J.1
  • 62
    • 47049086527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence
    • Wacziarg R., and Welch K.H. Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. World Bank Economic Review 22 2 (2008) 187-231
    • (2008) World Bank Economic Review , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-231
    • Wacziarg, R.1    Welch, K.H.2
  • 63
    • 63249109610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, Ebonya, 2006, Female socialization: How daughters affect their legislator fathers' voting on women's issues. NBER Working Paper No. 11924
    • Washington, Ebonya, 2006, Female socialization: How daughters affect their legislator fathers' voting on women's issues. NBER Working Paper No. 11924
  • 64
    • 10444289824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators
    • Windmeijer F. A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators. Journal of Econometrics 126 1 (2005) 25-51
    • (2005) Journal of Econometrics , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-51
    • Windmeijer, F.1
  • 65
    • 43049122542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, India: Results and policy conclusions from a research project, Washington DC
    • World Bank, 2005. The political economy of Gram Panchayats in South India: Results and policy conclusions from a research project, Washington DC
    • (2005) The political economy of Gram Panchayats in South
  • 66
    • 0003926535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, CD-ROM, Washington, DC
    • World Bank, 2006. World development indicators. CD-ROM, Washington, DC
    • (2006) World development indicators


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.