메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 189-209

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Epidemiology, risk factors, and strategies for prevention

Author keywords

Invasive pneumococcal disease; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal vaccine; Pneumococcus; Serotypes; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

EID: 63149104710     PISSN: 10693424     EISSN: 10989048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202938     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (224)

References (318)
  • 1
    • 30344475502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae: Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features
    • Ortqvist A, Hedlund J, Kalin M. Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2005;26:563-574
    • (2005) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 563-574
    • Ortqvist, A.1    Hedlund, J.2    Kalin, M.3
  • 2
    • 0033827944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of prognostic factors in community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal disease in 5 countries
    • Kalin M, Ortqvist A, Almela M, et al. Prospective study of prognostic factors in community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal disease in 5 countries. J Infect Dis 2000;182:840-847
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.182 , pp. 840-847
    • Kalin, M.1    Ortqvist, A.2    Almela, M.3
  • 3
    • 11944258698 scopus 로고
    • New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy: A prospective multicenter study of 359 cases
    • Fang GD, Fine M, Orloff J, et al. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy: a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990;69:307-316
    • (1990) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.69 , pp. 307-316
    • Fang, G.D.1    Fine, M.2    Orloff, J.3
  • 4
    • 0029643776 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia
    • Bartlett JG, Mundy LM. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1618-1624
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1618-1624
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Mundy, L.M.2
  • 5
    • 0043269792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An international prospective study of pneumococcal bacteremia: Correlation with in vitro resistance, antibiotics administered, and clinical outcome
    • Yu VL, Chiou CC, Feldman C, et al. An international prospective study of pneumococcal bacteremia: correlation with in vitro resistance, antibiotics administered, and clinical outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:230-237
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 230-237
    • Yu, V.L.1    Chiou, C.C.2    Feldman, C.3
  • 6
    • 0033858034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: A prospective study
    • Musher DM, Alexandraki I, Graviss EA, et al. Bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: a prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000;79:210-221
    • (2000) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.79 , pp. 210-221
    • Musher, D.M.1    Alexandraki, I.2    Graviss, E.A.3
  • 7
    • 33745588847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in invasive pneumococcal disease-associated hospitalizations
    • Shah SS, Ratner AJ. Trends in invasive pneumococcal disease-associated hospitalizations. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:e1-e5
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42
    • Shah, S.S.1    Ratner, A.J.2
  • 8
    • 0030779037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Active Surveillance Team
    • Schuchat A, Robinson K, Wenger JD, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Active Surveillance Team. N Engl J Med 1997;337:970-976
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 970-976
    • Schuchat, A.1    Robinson, K.2    Wenger, J.D.3
  • 9
    • 0027960951 scopus 로고
    • Otitis media
    • Klein JO. Otitis media. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:823-833
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 823-833
    • Klein, J.O.1
  • 10
    • 3242758871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of microscopic examination of Gram-stained sputum and sputum cultures in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Musher DM, Montoya R, Wanahita A. Diagnostic value of microscopic examination of Gram-stained sputum and sputum cultures in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:165-169
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 165-169
    • Musher, D.M.1    Montoya, R.2    Wanahita, A.3
  • 11
    • 0033606799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mufson MA, Stanek RJ. Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in one American City: a 20-year longitudinal study, 1978-1997. Am J Med 1999;107(1A):34S-43S
    • Mufson MA, Stanek RJ. Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in one American City: a 20-year longitudinal study, 1978-1997. Am J Med 1999;107(1A):34S-43S
  • 12
    • 0027471389 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal bacteremia in three community teaching hospitals from 1980 to 1989
    • Watanakunakorn C, Greifenstein A, Stroh K, et al. Pneumococcal bacteremia in three community teaching hospitals from 1980 to 1989. Chest 1993;103:1152-1156
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 1152-1156
    • Watanakunakorn, C.1    Greifenstein, A.2    Stroh, K.3
  • 13
    • 0016315483 scopus 로고
    • Capsular types and outcome of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in the antibiotic era
    • Mufson MA, Kruss DM, Wasil RE, Metzger WI. Capsular types and outcome of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in the antibiotic era. Arch Intern Med 1974;134:505-510
    • (1974) Arch Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 505-510
    • Mufson, M.A.1    Kruss, D.M.2    Wasil, R.E.3    Metzger, W.I.4
  • 14
    • 0029151009 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain
    • Pallares R, Linares J, Vadillo M, et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med 1995;333:474-480
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 474-480
    • Pallares, R.1    Linares, J.2    Vadillo, M.3
  • 15
    • 34250888039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with disease severity and outcome in adults: An international study
    • Alanee SR, McGee L, Jackson D, et al. Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with disease severity and outcome in adults: an international study. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:46-51
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 46-51
    • Alanee, S.R.1    McGee, L.2    Jackson, D.3
  • 16
    • 0033606781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal disease in Sweden: Experiences and current situation
    • Ortqvist A. Pneumococcal disease in Sweden: experiences and current situation. Am J Med 1999;107(1A):44S-49S
    • (1999) Am J Med , vol.107 , Issue.1 A
    • Ortqvist, A.1
  • 17
    • 0035804857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: Opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era
    • Robinson KA, Baughman W, Rothrock G, et al. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era. JAMA 2001;285:1729-1735
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1729-1735
    • Robinson, K.A.1    Baughman, W.2    Rothrock, G.3
  • 18
    • 0036173566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six year multicenter surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in children
    • Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr, Wald E, et al. Six year multicenter surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:141-147
    • (2002) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.21 , pp. 141-147
    • Kaplan, S.L.1    Mason Jr, E.O.2    Wald, E.3
  • 19
    • 0025856228 scopus 로고
    • Use of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed HIV-infected population
    • Schuchat A, Broome CV, Hightower A, Costa SJ, Parkin W. Use of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed HIV-infected population. JAMA 1991;265:3275-3279
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3275-3279
    • Schuchat, A.1    Broome, C.V.2    Hightower, A.3    Costa, S.J.4    Parkin, W.5
  • 20
    • 30344469401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for therapy
    • Lynch JP III, Zhanel GG. Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for therapy. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2005;26:575-616
    • (2005) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 575-616
    • Lynch III, J.P.1    Zhanel, G.G.2
  • 21
    • 33947496957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization, WHO position paper
    • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization - WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2007;82:93-104
    • (2007) Wkly Epidemiol Rec , vol.82 , pp. 93-104
  • 22
    • 33847668324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world
    • Scott JA. The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world. Vaccine 2007;25:2398-2405
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 2398-2405
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 23
    • 0242684416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine
    • Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1737-1746
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1737-1746
    • Whitney, C.G.1    Farley, M.M.2    Hadler, J.3
  • 24
    • 33745461605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae in western Europe: Serotype distribution and incidence in children less than 2 years old
    • Jefferson T, Ferroni E, Curtale F, Giorgi Rossi P, Borgia P. Streptococcus pneumoniae in western Europe: serotype distribution and incidence in children less than 2 years old. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6:405-410
    • (2006) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 405-410
    • Jefferson, T.1    Ferroni, E.2    Curtale, F.3    Giorgi Rossi, P.4    Borgia, P.5
  • 25
    • 0035996092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in Belgium: Differential characteristics in children and the elderly population and implications for vaccine use
    • Flamaing J, Verhaegen J, Peetermans WE. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in Belgium: differential characteristics in children and the elderly population and implications for vaccine use. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50:43-50
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 43-50
    • Flamaing, J.1    Verhaegen, J.2    Peetermans, W.E.3
  • 26
    • 0036821532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children in Spain, 1996-1998
    • Diez-Domingo J, Pereiro I, Morant A, et al. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children in Spain, 1996-1998. J Infect 2002;45:139-143
    • (2002) J Infect , vol.45 , pp. 139-143
    • Diez-Domingo, J.1    Pereiro, I.2    Morant, A.3
  • 27
    • 0036129876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: Epidemiology, serotypes, and resistance
    • Konradsen HB, Kaltoft MS. Invasive pneumococcal infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: epidemiology, serotypes, and resistance. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002;9:358-365
    • (2002) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 358-365
    • Konradsen, H.B.1    Kaltoft, M.S.2
  • 29
    • 0028820197 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, capsular types, and antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sweden
    • Hedlund J, Svenson SB, Kalin M, et al. Incidence, capsular types, and antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sweden. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:948-953
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 948-953
    • Hedlund, J.1    Svenson, S.B.2    Kalin, M.3
  • 30
    • 0035479047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of penicillin-susceptible clones in invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Henriques Normark B, Kalin M, Ortqvist A, et al. Dynamics of penicillin-susceptible clones in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infect Dis 2001;184:861-869
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.184 , pp. 861-869
    • Henriques Normark, B.1    Kalin, M.2    Ortqvist, A.3
  • 31
    • 0028951965 scopus 로고
    • Serotypes and resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing systemic disease in northern Norway
    • Magnus T, Andersen BM. Serotypes and resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing systemic disease in northern Norway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;14:229-234
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 229-234
    • Magnus, T.1    Andersen, B.M.2
  • 32
    • 0029769702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark, 1989-94
    • Nielsen SV, Henrichsen J. Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark, 1989-94. Epidemiol Infect 1996;117:411-416
    • (1996) Epidemiol Infect , vol.117 , pp. 411-416
    • Nielsen, S.V.1    Henrichsen, J.2
  • 33
    • 13944259416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based surveillance for childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine
    • Hsu K, Pelton S, Karumuri S, Heisey-Grove D, Klein J. Population-based surveillance for childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:17-23
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , pp. 17-23
    • Hsu, K.1    Pelton, S.2    Karumuri, S.3    Heisey-Grove, D.4    Klein, J.5
  • 34
    • 17144422083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among children before and after introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine
    • Haddy RI, Perry K, Chacko CE, et al. Comparison of incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among children before and after introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:320-323
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , pp. 320-323
    • Haddy, R.I.1    Perry, K.2    Chacko, C.E.3
  • 35
    • 20844458264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in high rates of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease in Tennessee after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Talbot TR, Poehling KA, Hartert TV, et al. Reduction in high rates of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease in Tennessee after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:641-648
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 641-648
    • Talbot, T.R.1    Poehling, K.A.2    Hartert, T.V.3
  • 36
    • 10744228195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease of invasive pneumococcal infections in children among 8 children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr, Wald ER, et al. Decrease of invasive pneumococcal infections in children among 8 children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics 2004;113(3 Pt 1):443-449
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 443-449
    • Kaplan, S.L.1    Mason Jr, E.O.2    Wald, E.R.3
  • 37
    • 42549102826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal necrotizing pneumonia in Utah: Does serotype matter?
    • Bender JM, Ampofo K, Korgenski K, et al. Pneumococcal necrotizing pneumonia in Utah: does serotype matter? Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1346-1352
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1346-1352
    • Bender, J.M.1    Ampofo, K.2    Korgenski, K.3
  • 38
    • 33645543836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 33: An increasing cause of pneumococcal infections in children in the United States after the introduction of the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine
    • Gonzalez BE, Hulten KG, Lamberth L, Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr. Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 33: an increasing cause of pneumococcal infections in children in the United States after the introduction of the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:301-305
    • (2006) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.25 , pp. 301-305
    • Gonzalez, B.E.1    Hulten, K.G.2    Lamberth, L.3    Kaplan, S.L.4    Mason Jr., E.O.5
  • 39
    • 1442327300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae by adults and children in community and family settings
    • Regev-Yochay G, Raz M, Dagan R, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae by adults and children in community and family settings. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:632-639
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 632-639
    • Regev-Yochay, G.1    Raz, M.2    Dagan, R.3
  • 40
    • 0036251734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae among siblings with acute otitis media
    • Shimada J, Yamanaka N, Hotomi M, et al. Household transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae among siblings with acute otitis media. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:1851-1853
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 1851-1853
    • Shimada, J.1    Yamanaka, N.2    Hotomi, M.3
  • 41
    • 0030459726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute community-acquired sinusitis
    • quiz 1224-1225
    • Gwaltney JM Jr. Acute community-acquired sinusitis. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:1209-1223; quiz 1224-1225
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 1209-1223
    • Gwaltney Jr., J.M.1
  • 42
    • 0037456736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Martin M, Turco JH, Zegans ME, et al. An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1112-1121
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1112-1121
    • Martin, M.1    Turco, J.H.2    Zegans, M.E.3
  • 43
    • 12844269827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to a novel unencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae among military trainees
    • Crum NF, Barrozo CP, Chapman FA, Ryan MA, Russell KL. An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to a novel unencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae among military trainees. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1148-1154
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 1148-1154
    • Crum, N.F.1    Barrozo, C.P.2    Chapman, F.A.3    Ryan, M.A.4    Russell, K.L.5
  • 44
    • 0037082997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological investigation of a sustained high rate of pediatric parapneumonic empyema: Risk factors and microbiological associations
    • Byington CL, Spencer LY, Johnson TA, et al. An epidemiological investigation of a sustained high rate of pediatric parapneumonic empyema: risk factors and microbiological associations. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:434-440
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 434-440
    • Byington, C.L.1    Spencer, L.Y.2    Johnson, T.A.3
  • 45
    • 1642285878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations and molecular epidemiology of necrotizing pneumonia and empyema caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Taiwan
    • Hsieh YC, Hsueh PR, Lu CY, Lee PI, Lee CY, Huang LM. Clinical manifestations and molecular epidemiology of necrotizing pneumonia and empyema caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Taiwan. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:830-835
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 830-835
    • Hsieh, Y.C.1    Hsueh, P.R.2    Lu, C.Y.3    Lee, P.I.4    Lee, C.Y.5    Huang, L.M.6
  • 48
    • 0032979340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 20-year epidemiological study of pneumococcal meningitis
    • Stanek RJ, Mufson MA. A 20-year epidemiological study of pneumococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1265-1272
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 1265-1272
    • Stanek, R.J.1    Mufson, M.A.2
  • 50
    • 0037100427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of penicillin resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the presentation, prognosis, and treatment of pneumococcal endocarditis in adults
    • Martinez E, Miro JM, Almirante B, et al. Effect of penicillin resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the presentation, prognosis, and treatment of pneumococcal endocarditis in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:130-139
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 130-139
    • Martinez, E.1    Miro, J.M.2    Almirante, B.3
  • 51
    • 0033819580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis in adults: A multicenter study in France in the era of penicillin resistance (1991-1998). The Pneumococcal Endocarditis Study Group
    • Lefort A, Mainardi JL, Selton-Suty C, Casassus P, Guillevin L, Lortholary O. Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis in adults: a multicenter study in France in the era of penicillin resistance (1991-1998). The Pneumococcal Endocarditis Study Group. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000;79:327-337
    • (2000) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.79 , pp. 327-337
    • Lefort, A.1    Mainardi, J.L.2    Selton-Suty, C.3    Casassus, P.4    Guillevin, L.5    Lortholary, O.6
  • 52
    • 0033376443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septic arthritis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Nottingham, United Kingdom, 1985-1998
    • Ispahani P, Weston VC, Turner DP, Donald FE. Septic arthritis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Nottingham, United Kingdom, 1985-1998. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:1450-1454
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 1450-1454
    • Ispahani, P.1    Weston, V.C.2    Turner, D.P.3    Donald, F.E.4
  • 53
    • 0038573745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteremic pneumococcal cellulitis compared with bacteremic cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Capdevila O, Grau I, Vadillo M, Cisnal M, Pallares R. Bacteremic pneumococcal cellulitis compared with bacteremic cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003;22:337-341
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 337-341
    • Capdevila, O.1    Grau, I.2    Vadillo, M.3    Cisnal, M.4    Pallares, R.5
  • 54
    • 0036568943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • McEllistrem MC, Mendelsohn AB, Pass MA, et al. Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 2002;185:1364-1368
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.185 , pp. 1364-1368
    • McEllistrem, M.C.1    Mendelsohn, A.B.2    Pass, M.A.3
  • 55
    • 34249895590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, after introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Albrich WC, Baughman W, Schmotzer B, Farley MM. Changing characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, after introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1569-1576
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1569-1576
    • Albrich, W.C.1    Baughman, W.2    Schmotzer, B.3    Farley, M.M.4
  • 56
    • 32044471320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal and capsular types decide whether pneumococci will act as a primary or opportunistic pathogen
    • Sjostrom K, Spindler C, Ortqvist A, et al. Clonal and capsular types decide whether pneumococci will act as a primary or opportunistic pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:451-459
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 451-459
    • Sjostrom, K.1    Spindler, C.2    Ortqvist, A.3
  • 57
    • 27244440305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Lexau CA, Lynfield R, Danila R, et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2005;294:2043-2051
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2043-2051
    • Lexau, C.A.1    Lynfield, R.2    Danila, R.3
  • 58
    • 1442299471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: The key to pneumococcal disease
    • Bogaert D, De Groot R, Hermans PW. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:144-154
    • (2004) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 144-154
    • Bogaert, D.1    De Groot, R.2    Hermans, P.W.3
  • 59
    • 0037746753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent risk factors for carriage of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Regev-Yochay G, Raz M, Shainberg B, et al. Independent risk factors for carriage of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Infect Dis 2003;35:219-222
    • (2003) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 219-222
    • Regev-Yochay, G.1    Raz, M.2    Shainberg, B.3
  • 60
    • 0030857698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriers attending day-care centers in southwestern Greece
    • Syrogiannopoulos GA, Grivea IN, Beratis NG, et al. Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriers attending day-care centers in southwestern Greece. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:188-194
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 188-194
    • Syrogiannopoulos, G.A.1    Grivea, I.N.2    Beratis, N.G.3
  • 61
    • 0037111561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial use and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from Greek children younger than 2 years old
    • Syrogiannopoulos GA, Katopodis GD, Grivea IN, Beratis NG. Antimicrobial use and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from Greek children younger than 2 years old. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1174-1182
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1174-1182
    • Syrogiannopoulos, G.A.1    Katopodis, G.D.2    Grivea, I.N.3    Beratis, N.G.4
  • 62
    • 26944468582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal household study of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in a UK setting
    • Hussain M, Melegaro A, Pebody RG, et al. A longitudinal household study of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in a UK setting. Epidemiol Infect 2005;133:891-898
    • (2005) Epidemiol Infect , vol.133 , pp. 891-898
    • Hussain, M.1    Melegaro, A.2    Pebody, R.G.3
  • 63
    • 20144370829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in drug resistance, serotypes, and molecular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing preschool-age children attending day care centers in Lisbon, Portugal: A summary of 4 years of annual surveillance
    • Nunes S, Sa-Leao R, Carrico J, et al. Trends in drug resistance, serotypes, and molecular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing preschool-age children attending day care centers in Lisbon, Portugal: a summary of 4 years of annual surveillance. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:1285-1293
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 1285-1293
    • Nunes, S.1    Sa-Leao, R.2    Carrico, J.3
  • 64
    • 33645093148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae carriage in children and their mothers
    • Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Broides A, Blancovich I, Peled N, Dagan R. The contribution of smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae carriage in children and their mothers. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:897-903
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 897-903
    • Greenberg, D.1    Givon-Lavi, N.2    Broides, A.3    Blancovich, I.4    Peled, N.5    Dagan, R.6
  • 65
    • 38949089002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among adolescents
    • Cardozo DM, Nascimento-Carvalho CM, Andrade AL et al. Prevalence and risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among adolescents. J Med Microbiol 2008;57(Pt 2):185-189
    • (2008) J Med Microbiol , vol.57 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 185-189
    • Cardozo, D.M.1    Nascimento-Carvalho, C.M.2    Andrade, A.L.3
  • 67
    • 0022333263 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern Territory
    • Hansman D, Morris S, Gregory M, McDonald B. Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. J Hyg (Lond) 1985;95:677-684
    • (1985) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.95 , pp. 677-684
    • Hansman, D.1    Morris, S.2    Gregory, M.3    McDonald, B.4
  • 68
    • 0032566032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia among unvaccinated nursing home residents
    • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Crutcher JM, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia among unvaccinated nursing home residents. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1861-1868
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 1861-1868
    • Nuorti, J.P.1    Butler, J.C.2    Crutcher, J.M.3
  • 69
    • 0036841735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rate of transmission of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae between parents and children
    • Hoshino K, Watanabe H, Sugita R, et al. High rate of transmission of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae between parents and children. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:4357-4359
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 4357-4359
    • Hoshino, K.1    Watanabe, H.2    Sugita, R.3
  • 70
    • 0037442817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationwide surveillance of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory infection, Switzerland, 1998-1999
    • Muhlemann K, Matter HC, Tauber MG, Bodmer T. Nationwide surveillance of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory infection, Switzerland, 1998-1999. J Infect Dis 2003;187:589-596
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.187 , pp. 589-596
    • Muhlemann, K.1    Matter, H.C.2    Tauber, M.G.3    Bodmer, T.4
  • 71
    • 37849047671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the Intermountain West, 1996-2002
    • Haddad MB, Porucznik CA, Joyce KE, et al. Risk factors for pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the Intermountain West, 1996-2002. Ann Epidemiol 2008;18:139-146
    • (2008) Ann Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 139-146
    • Haddad, M.B.1    Porucznik, C.A.2    Joyce, K.E.3
  • 73
    • 33644754044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunization
    • Flannery B, Heffernan RT, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunization. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:1-9
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 1-9
    • Flannery, B.1    Heffernan, R.T.2    Harrison, L.H.3
  • 74
    • 2342565865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections
    • Flannery B, Schrag S, Bennett NM, et al. Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. JAMA 2004;291:2197-2203
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2197-2203
    • Flannery, B.1    Schrag, S.2    Bennett, N.M.3
  • 75
    • 41349109955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic susceptibility to severe infection in families with invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Hjuler T, Poulsen G, Wohlfahrt J, Kaltoft M, Biggar RJ, Melbye M. Genetic susceptibility to severe infection in families with invasive pneumococcal disease. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:814-819
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.167 , pp. 814-819
    • Hjuler, T.1    Poulsen, G.2    Wohlfahrt, J.3    Kaltoft, M.4    Biggar, R.J.5    Melbye, M.6
  • 76
    • 22544479709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults
    • Kyaw MH, Rose CE Jr, Fry AM, et al. The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. J Infect Dis 2005;192:377-386
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 377-386
    • Kyaw, M.H.1    Rose Jr, C.E.2    Fry, A.M.3
  • 77
    • 0023277372 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci
    • Pallares R, Gudiol F, Linares J, et al. Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1987;317:18-22
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 18-22
    • Pallares, R.1    Gudiol, F.2    Linares, J.3
  • 78
    • 31544444946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High KP. Pneumonia in older adults: new categories add complexity to diagnosis and care. Postgrad Med 2005;118:18-2025-28
    • High KP. Pneumonia in older adults: new categories add complexity to diagnosis and care. Postgrad Med 2005;118:18-2025-28
  • 79
    • 0033399598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in the elderly
    • Butler JC, Schuchat A. Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1999;15(Suppl 1):11-19
    • (1999) Drugs Aging , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 11-19
    • Butler, J.C.1    Schuchat, A.2
  • 81
    • 34547742289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary host defense: Basic mechanisms and strategies for immunomodulation
    • Niederman MS, ed, Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis;
    • Quinton L, Happel K, Gamble L, Nelson S. Pulmonary host defense: basic mechanisms and strategies for immunomodulation. In: Niederman MS, ed. Severe Pneumonia: Lung Biology in Health and Science. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis; 2005:383-411
    • (2005) Severe Pneumonia: Lung Biology in Health and Science , pp. 383-411
    • Quinton, L.1    Happel, K.2    Gamble, L.3    Nelson, S.4
  • 82
    • 34247232697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticapsular serum antibody concentration and protection against pneumococcal colonization among children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Millar EV, O'Brien KL, Bronsdon MA, et al. Anticapsular serum antibody concentration and protection against pneumococcal colonization among children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1173-1179
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1173-1179
    • Millar, E.V.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Bronsdon, M.A.3
  • 83
    • 34548474764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum antipneumococcal antibodies and pneumococcal colonization in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Malley R, Lipsitch M, Bogaert D, et al. Serum antipneumococcal antibodies and pneumococcal colonization in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Infect Dis 2007;196:928-935
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. 928-935
    • Malley, R.1    Lipsitch, M.2    Bogaert, D.3
  • 84
    • 22544459608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody responses to nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults: A longitudinal household study
    • Goldblatt D, Hussain M, Andrews N, et al. Antibody responses to nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults: a longitudinal household study. J Infect Dis 2005;192:387-393
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 387-393
    • Goldblatt, D.1    Hussain, M.2    Andrews, N.3
  • 85
    • 17644411973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role played by tumor necrosis factor during localized and systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Kirby AC, Raynes JG, Kaye PM. The role played by tumor necrosis factor during localized and systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 2005;191:1538-1547
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 1538-1547
    • Kirby, A.C.1    Raynes, J.G.2    Kaye, P.M.3
  • 86
    • 0032590184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor I is important for survival from Streptococcus pneumoniae infections
    • O'Brien DP, Briles DE, Szalai AJ, Tu AH, Sanz I, Nahm MH. Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor I is important for survival from Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Infect Immun 1999;67:595-601
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 595-601
    • O'Brien, D.P.1    Briles, D.E.2    Szalai, A.J.3    Tu, A.H.4    Sanz, I.5    Nahm, M.H.6
  • 87
    • 0036135576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-18 improves the early antimicrobial host response to pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Lauw FN, Branger J, Florquin S, et al. IL-18 improves the early antimicrobial host response to pneumococcal pneumonia. J Immunol 2002;168:372-378
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 372-378
    • Lauw, F.N.1    Branger, J.2    Florquin, S.3
  • 88
    • 0037220060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 participates in mediation of immune response in experimental pneumococcal meningitis
    • Koedel U, Angele B, Rupprecht T, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 participates in mediation of immune response in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Immunol 2003;170:438-444
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.170 , pp. 438-444
    • Koedel, U.1    Angele, B.2    Rupprecht, T.3
  • 89
    • 0032573076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 12 deficiency associated with recurrent infections
    • Haraguchi S, Day NK, Nelson RP Jr, et al. Interleukin 12 deficiency associated with recurrent infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:13125-13129
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 13125-13129
    • Haraguchi, S.1    Day, N.K.2    Nelson Jr, R.P.3
  • 91
    • 0345269199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunoglobulin M memory B cells controlling Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are generated in the spleen
    • Kruetzmann S, Rosado MM, Weber H, et al. Human immunoglobulin M memory B cells controlling Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are generated in the spleen. J Exp Med 2003;197:939-945
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.197 , pp. 939-945
    • Kruetzmann, S.1    Rosado, M.M.2    Weber, H.3
  • 92
    • 0033831618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in 5 countries
    • Henriques B, Kalin M, Ortqvist A, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in 5 countries. J Infect Dis 2000;182:833-839
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.182 , pp. 833-839
    • Henriques, B.1    Kalin, M.2    Ortqvist, A.3
  • 93
  • 94
    • 0029783747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serogroup-specific epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Associations with age, sex, and geography in 7,000 episodes of invasive disease
    • Scott JA, Hall AJ, Dagan R, et al. Serogroup-specific epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae: associations with age, sex, and geography in 7,000 episodes of invasive disease. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:973-981
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 973-981
    • Scott, J.A.1    Hall, A.J.2    Dagan, R.3
  • 95
    • 1542357577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clonal and serotype-specific properties on the invasive capacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Sandgren A, Sjostrom K, Olsson-Liljequist B, et al. Effect of clonal and serotype-specific properties on the invasive capacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 2004;189:785-796
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 785-796
    • Sandgren, A.1    Sjostrom, K.2    Olsson-Liljequist, B.3
  • 96
    • 0028938429 scopus 로고
    • Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: Implications for development of a conjugate vaccine
    • Butler JC, Breiman RF, Lipman HB, Hofmann J, Facklam RR. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: implications for development of a conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 1995;171:885-889
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 885-889
    • Butler, J.C.1    Breiman, R.F.2    Lipman, H.B.3    Hofmann, J.4    Facklam, R.R.5
  • 97
    • 0019536566 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention
    • Austrian R. Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3(Suppl):S1-S17
    • (1981) Rev Infect Dis , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Austrian, R.1
  • 98
    • 0029000991 scopus 로고
    • Capsular types and antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococci isolated from patients in Belgium with serious infections, 1980-1993
    • Verhaegen J, Glupczynski Y, Verbist L, et al. Capsular types and antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococci isolated from patients in Belgium with serious infections, 1980-1993. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1339-1345
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 1339-1345
    • Verhaegen, J.1    Glupczynski, Y.2    Verbist, L.3
  • 99
    • 2942536249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonality of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates from pediatric patients in the United States
    • Gonzalez BE, Hulten KG, Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr. Clonality of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates from pediatric patients in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:2810-2812
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 2810-2812
    • Gonzalez, B.E.1    Hulten, K.G.2    Kaplan, S.L.3    Mason Jr., E.O.4
  • 100
    • 33644842293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serogroup 19 pneumococci containing both mef and erm macrolide resistance determinants in an American city
    • Toltzis P, Dul M, O'Riordan MA, Jacobs MR, Blumer J. Serogroup 19 pneumococci containing both mef and erm macrolide resistance determinants in an American city. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:19-24
    • (2006) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.25 , pp. 19-24
    • Toltzis, P.1    Dul, M.2    O'Riordan, M.A.3    Jacobs, M.R.4    Blumer, J.5
  • 101
    • 33645505114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1455-1463
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1455-1463
    • Kyaw, M.H.1    Lynfield, R.2    Schaffner, W.3
  • 102
    • 27944510953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postvaccine genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from children in the United States
    • Pai R, Moore MR, Pilishvili T, Gertz RE, Whitney CG, Beall B. Postvaccine genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from children in the United States. J Infect Dis 2005;192:1988-1995
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 1988-1995
    • Pai, R.1    Moore, M.R.2    Pilishvili, T.3    Gertz, R.E.4    Whitney, C.G.5    Beall, B.6
  • 103
    • 34249819065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messina AF, Katz-Gaynor K, Barton T, et al. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Dallas, TX, children from 1999 through 2005. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:461-467
    • Messina AF, Katz-Gaynor K, Barton T, et al. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Dallas, TX, children from 1999 through 2005. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:461-467
  • 104
    • 34249813721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of 19A as virulent and multidrug resistant Pneumococcus in Massachusetts following universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Pelton SI, Huot H, Finkelstein JA, et al. Emergence of 19A as virulent and multidrug resistant Pneumococcus in Massachusetts following universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:468-472
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , pp. 468-472
    • Pelton, S.I.1    Huot, H.2    Finkelstein, J.A.3
  • 105
    • 33748090599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capsular serotype-specific attack rates and duration of carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a population of children
    • Sleeman KL, Griffiths D, Shackley F, et al. Capsular serotype-specific attack rates and duration of carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a population of children. J Infect Dis 2006;194:682-688
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.194 , pp. 682-688
    • Sleeman, K.L.1    Griffiths, D.2    Shackley, F.3
  • 106
    • 4644240495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children
    • Brueggemann AB, Peto TE, Crook DW, Butler JC, Kristinsson KG, Spratt BG. Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. J Infect Dis 2004;190:1203-1211
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.190 , pp. 1203-1211
    • Brueggemann, A.B.1    Peto, T.E.2    Crook, D.W.3    Butler, J.C.4    Kristinsson, K.G.5    Spratt, B.G.6
  • 107
    • 0038555738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential
    • Brueggemann AB, Griffiths DT, Meats E, Peto T, Crook DW, Spratt BG. Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1424-1432
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.187 , pp. 1424-1432
    • Brueggemann, A.B.1    Griffiths, D.T.2    Meats, E.3    Peto, T.4    Crook, D.W.5    Spratt, B.G.6
  • 108
    • 0034073090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and microbiological epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia
    • McKenzie H, Reid N, Dijkhuizen RS. Clinical and microbiological epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia. J Med Microbiol 2000;49:361-366
    • (2000) J Med Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 361-366
    • McKenzie, H.1    Reid, N.2    Dijkhuizen, R.S.3
  • 110
    • 0026645743 scopus 로고
    • Trends in antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (1979-1990)
    • Linares J, Pallares R, Alonso T, et al. Trends in antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (1979-1990). Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:99-105
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 99-105
    • Linares, J.1    Pallares, R.2    Alonso, T.3
  • 111
    • 0036721206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical changes in pneumococcal serogroup distribution: Implications for the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
    • Feikin DR, Klugman KP. Historical changes in pneumococcal serogroup distribution: implications for the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:547-555
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 547-555
    • Feikin, D.R.1    Klugman, K.P.2
  • 112
    • 39449135953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes in the era of 7-valent conjugate vaccine
    • Munoz-Almagro C, Jordan I, Gene A, Latorre C, Garcia-Garcia JJ, Pallares R. Emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes in the era of 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:174-182
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 174-182
    • Munoz-Almagro, C.1    Jordan, I.2    Gene, A.3    Latorre, C.4    Garcia-Garcia, J.J.5    Pallares, R.6
  • 113
    • 0035175559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in serotype distribution may hamper efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children
    • Normark BH, Ortqvist A, Kalin M, et al. Changes in serotype distribution may hamper efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children. Scand J Infect Dis 2001;33:848-850
    • (2001) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 848-850
    • Normark, B.H.1    Ortqvist, A.2    Kalin, M.3
  • 114
    • 0036047758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors
    • Hava DL, Camilli A. Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors. Mol Microbiol 2002;45:1389-1406
    • (2002) Mol Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 1389-1406
    • Hava, D.L.1    Camilli, A.2
  • 115
    • 33947539450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal and crowding-related risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and young children: A population-based case-control study
    • Hjuler T, Wohlfahrt J, Simonsen J, et al. Perinatal and crowding-related risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and young children: a population-based case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1051-1056
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Hjuler, T.1    Wohlfahrt, J.2    Simonsen, J.3
  • 116
    • 33846874573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease epidemiology and effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska native adults
    • Singleton RJ, Butler JC, Bulkow LR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease epidemiology and effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska native adults. Vaccine 2007;25:2288-2295
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 2288-2295
    • Singleton, R.J.1    Butler, J.C.2    Bulkow, L.R.3
  • 117
    • 4043180471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and vaccine implications among children in a West Virginia community, 1978-2003
    • Mufson MA, Stanek RJ. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and vaccine implications among children in a West Virginia community, 1978-2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:779-781
    • (2004) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.23 , pp. 779-781
    • Mufson, M.A.1    Stanek, R.J.2
  • 119
    • 0030069781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among hospitalized children in Slovakia
    • Reichler MR, Rakovsky J, Slacikova M, et al. Spread of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among hospitalized children in Slovakia. J Infect Dis 1996;173:374-379
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 374-379
    • Reichler, M.R.1    Rakovsky, J.2    Slacikova, M.3
  • 120
    • 0035168422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal carriage in children during their first two years: Important role of family exposure
    • Leino T, Auranen K, Jokinen J, Leinonen M, Tervonen P, Takala AK. Pneumococcal carriage in children during their first two years: important role of family exposure. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:1022-1027
    • (2001) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.20 , pp. 1022-1027
    • Leino, T.1    Auranen, K.2    Jokinen, J.3    Leinonen, M.4    Tervonen, P.5    Takala, A.K.6
  • 122
    • 0032566027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal outbreaks in nursing homes
    • Musher DM. Pneumococcal outbreaks in nursing homes. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1915-1916
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 1915-1916
    • Musher, D.M.1
  • 123
    • 0029756652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of penicillin-resistant pneumococci with residence in a pediatric chronic care facility
    • Mannheimer SB, Riley LW, Roberts RB. Association of penicillin-resistant pneumococci with residence in a pediatric chronic care facility. J Infect Dis 1996;174:513-519
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 513-519
    • Mannheimer, S.B.1    Riley, L.W.2    Roberts, R.B.3
  • 124
    • 0242460570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults residing in long-term care facilities and in the community
    • Kupronis BA, Richards CL, Whitney CG. Invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults residing in long-term care facilities and in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1520-1525
    • (2003) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.51 , pp. 1520-1525
    • Kupronis, B.A.1    Richards, C.L.2    Whitney, C.G.3
  • 125
    • 0034097252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in a closed community in southern Israel
    • Dagan R, Gradstein S, Belmaker I, et al. An outbreak of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in a closed community in southern Israel. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:319-321
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 319-321
    • Dagan, R.1    Gradstein, S.2    Belmaker, I.3
  • 126
    • 0028328782 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia hospitalizations in the US Navy and Marine Corps: Rates and risk factors for 6,522 admissions, 1981-1991
    • Gray GC, Mitchell BS, Tueller JE, Cross ER, Amundson DE. Pneumonia hospitalizations in the US Navy and Marine Corps: rates and risk factors for 6,522 admissions, 1981-1991. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:793-802
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 793-802
    • Gray, G.C.1    Mitchell, B.S.2    Tueller, J.E.3    Cross, E.R.4    Amundson, D.E.5
  • 127
    • 0025962094 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in two men's shelters
    • Mercat A, Nguyen J, Dautzenberg B. An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in two men's shelters. Chest 1991;99:147-151
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 147-151
    • Mercat, A.1    Nguyen, J.2    Dautzenberg, B.3
  • 128
    • 0027935501 scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of pneumococcal disease in an overcrowded, inadequately ventilated jail
    • Hoge CW, Reichler MR, Dominguez EA, et al. An epidemic of pneumococcal disease in an overcrowded, inadequately ventilated jail. N Engl J Med 1994;331:643-648
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 643-648
    • Hoge, C.W.1    Reichler, M.R.2    Dominguez, E.A.3
  • 130
    • 0032766649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of clinical risk factors for nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Rubins JB, Cheung S, Carson P, Rubins HB, Janoff EN. Identification of clinical risk factors for nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:178-183
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 178-183
    • Rubins, J.B.1    Cheung, S.2    Carson, P.3    Rubins, H.B.4    Janoff, E.N.5
  • 131
    • 2542456398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender as a risk factor for both antibiotic resistance and infection with pediatric serogroups/serotypes, in HIV-infected and -uninfected adults with pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Buie KA, Klugman KP, von Gottberg A, et al. Gender as a risk factor for both antibiotic resistance and infection with pediatric serogroups/serotypes, in HIV-infected and -uninfected adults with pneumococcal bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2004;189:1996-2000
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 1996-2000
    • Buie, K.A.1    Klugman, K.P.2    von Gottberg, A.3
  • 132
    • 35448951390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly residents of a long-term care facility
    • Valenzuela MT, Altuzarra RH, Trucco OA, et al. Immunogenicity of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly residents of a long-term care facility. Braz J Infect Dis 2007;11:322-326
    • (2007) Braz J Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 322-326
    • Valenzuela, M.T.1    Altuzarra, R.H.2    Trucco, O.A.3
  • 133
    • 28344441389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of natural antibodies to pneumococcal surface protein A, pneumococcal surface adhesin A and pneumolysin in Filipino pregnant women and their infants in relation to pneumococcal carriage
    • Holmlund E, Quiambao B, Ollgren J, Nohynek H, Kayhty H. Development of natural antibodies to pneumococcal surface protein A, pneumococcal surface adhesin A and pneumolysin in Filipino pregnant women and their infants in relation to pneumococcal carriage. Vaccine 2006;24:57-65
    • (2006) Vaccine , vol.24 , pp. 57-65
    • Holmlund, E.1    Quiambao, B.2    Ollgren, J.3    Nohynek, H.4    Kayhty, H.5
  • 134
    • 16544374761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in breast milk of Gambian women immunized with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy
    • Obaro SK, Deubzer HE, Newman VO, Adegbola RA, Greenwood BM, Henderson DC. Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in breast milk of Gambian women immunized with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:1023-1029
    • (2004) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.23 , pp. 1023-1029
    • Obaro, S.K.1    Deubzer, H.E.2    Newman, V.O.3    Adegbola, R.A.4    Greenwood, B.M.5    Henderson, D.C.6
  • 135
    • 0242721156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: Use of record linkage to explore associations between patients and disease in relation to future vaccination policy
    • Kyaw MH, Christie P, Clarke SC, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: use of record linkage to explore associations between patients and disease in relation to future vaccination policy. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1283-1291
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 1283-1291
    • Kyaw, M.H.1    Christie, P.2    Clarke, S.C.3
  • 136
    • 0028855070 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae among Alaska native children younger than two years of age
    • Gessner BD, Ussery XT, Parkinson AJ, Breiman RF. Risk factors for invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae among Alaska native children younger than two years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:123-128
    • (1995) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.14 , pp. 123-128
    • Gessner, B.D.1    Ussery, X.T.2    Parkinson, A.J.3    Breiman, R.F.4
  • 137
    • 34247498668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among Alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage
    • Singleton RJ, Hennessy TW, Bulkow LR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among Alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. JAMA 2007;297:1784-1792
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 1784-1792
    • Singleton, R.J.1    Hennessy, T.W.2    Bulkow, L.R.3
  • 138
    • 38049047018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Circumpolar Surveillance System for invasive pneumococcal disease, 1999-2005
    • Bruce MG, Deeks SL, Zulz T, et al. International Circumpolar Surveillance System for invasive pneumococcal disease, 1999-2005. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:25-33
    • (2008) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 25-33
    • Bruce, M.G.1    Deeks, S.L.2    Zulz, T.3
  • 140
    • 33745314985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: A cross-sectional study in a high-risk population
    • Millar EV, O'Brien KL, Watt JP, et al. Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study in a high-risk population. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:8-15
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 8-15
    • Millar, E.V.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Watt, J.P.3
  • 141
    • 1342343919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults, 1989-1998
    • Watt JP, O'Brien KL, Benin AL, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults, 1989-1998. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:496-501
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 496-501
    • Watt, J.P.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Benin, A.L.3
  • 142
    • 35348820616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults
    • Watt JP, O'Brien KL, Benin AL, et al. Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:1080-1087
    • (2007) Am J Epidemiol , vol.166 , pp. 1080-1087
    • Watt, J.P.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Benin, A.L.3
  • 143
    • 0036988164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2001
    • Roche P, Krause V. Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2001. Commun Dis Intell 2002;26:505-519
    • (2002) Commun Dis Intell , vol.26 , pp. 505-519
    • Roche, P.1    Krause, V.2
  • 145
    • 0035882319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade (1989-1998) of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in 2 populations residing in 1 geographic location: Implications for vaccine choice
    • Fraser D, Givon-Lavi N, Bilenko N, Dagan R. A decade (1989-1998) of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in 2 populations residing in 1 geographic location: implications for vaccine choice. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:421-427
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 421-427
    • Fraser, D.1    Givon-Lavi, N.2    Bilenko, N.3    Dagan, R.4
  • 146
    • 0037018768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MBL genotype and risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: A case-control study
    • Roy S, Knox K, Segal S, et al. MBL genotype and risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: a case-control study. Lancet 2002;359:1569-1573
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1569-1573
    • Roy, S.1    Knox, K.2    Segal, S.3
  • 147
    • 0033629719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between FcgammaRIIa-R131 allotype and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Yee AM, Phan HM, Zuniga R, Salmon JE, Musher DM. Association between FcgammaRIIa-R131 allotype and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:25-28
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 25-28
    • Yee, A.M.1    Phan, H.M.2    Zuniga, R.3    Salmon, J.E.4    Musher, D.M.5
  • 149
    • 0042829185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal septic shock is associated with the interleukin-10-1082 gene promoter polymorphism
    • Schaaf BM, Boehmke F, Esnaashari H, et al. Pneumococcal septic shock is associated with the interleukin-10-1082 gene promoter polymorphism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:476-480
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 476-480
    • Schaaf, B.M.1    Boehmke, F.2    Esnaashari, H.3
  • 150
    • 0022032713 scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections: Incidence, predisposing factors, and prognosis
    • Burman LA, Norrby R, Trollfors B. Invasive pneumococcal infections: incidence, predisposing factors, and prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7:133-142
    • (1985) Rev Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 133-142
    • Burman, L.A.1    Norrby, R.2    Trollfors, B.3
  • 151
    • 0031969209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: Results from population-based surveillance in 1995
    • Pastor P, Medley F, Murphy TV. Invasive pneumococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: results from population-based surveillance in 1995. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:590-595
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 590-595
    • Pastor, P.1    Medley, F.2    Murphy, T.V.3
  • 152
    • 0028238927 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaska, 1986-1990-ethnic differences and opportunities for prevention
    • Davidson M, Parkinson AJ, Bulkow LR, Fitzgerald MA, Peters HV, Parks DJ. The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaska, 1986-1990-ethnic differences and opportunities for prevention. J Infect Dis 1994;170:368-376
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.170 , pp. 368-376
    • Davidson, M.1    Parkinson, A.J.2    Bulkow, L.R.3    Fitzgerald, M.A.4    Peters, H.V.5    Parks, D.J.6
  • 154
    • 0034057275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team
    • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Farley MM, et al. Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. N Engl J Med 2000;342:681-689
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 681-689
    • Nuorti, J.P.1    Butler, J.C.2    Farley, M.M.3
  • 155
    • 18744382834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Talbot TR, Hartert TV, Mitchel E, et al. Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2082-2090
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 2082-2090
    • Talbot, T.R.1    Hartert, T.V.2    Mitchel, E.3
  • 156
    • 0033802052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: The role of preceding influenza infection
    • O'Brien KL, Walters MI, Sellman J, et al. Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: the role of preceding influenza infection. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:784-789
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 784-789
    • O'Brien, K.L.1    Walters, M.I.2    Sellman, J.3
  • 157
    • 2342470175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia in patients with diabetes: A population-based case-control study
    • Thomsen RW, Hundborg HH, Lervang HH, Johnsen SP, Schonheyder HC, Sorensen HT. Risk of community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia in patients with diabetes: a population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1143-1147
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1143-1147
    • Thomsen, R.W.1    Hundborg, H.H.2    Lervang, H.H.3    Johnsen, S.P.4    Schonheyder, H.C.5    Sorensen, H.T.6
  • 158
    • 0242636876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in older persons
    • Loeb M. Pneumonia in older persons. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1335-1339
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 1335-1339
    • Loeb, M.1
  • 159
    • 0035725754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of infection and death among post-splenectomy patients
    • Bisharat N, Omari H, Lavi I, Raz R. Risk of infection and death among post-splenectomy patients. J Infect 2001;43:182-186
    • (2001) J Infect , vol.43 , pp. 182-186
    • Bisharat, N.1    Omari, H.2    Lavi, I.3    Raz, R.4
  • 160
    • 0036223304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with asplenia
    • Schutze GE, Mason EO Jr, Barson WJ, et al. Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with asplenia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:278-282
    • (2002) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.21 , pp. 278-282
    • Schutze, G.E.1    Mason Jr, E.O.2    Barson, W.J.3
  • 161
    • 0036304562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial isolated congenital asplenia: A rare, frequently hereditary dominant condition, often detected too late as a cause of overwhelming pneumococcal sepsis. Report of a new case and review of 31 others
    • Gilbert B, Menetrey C, Belin V, Brosset P, de Lumley L, Fisher A. Familial isolated congenital asplenia: a rare, frequently hereditary dominant condition, often detected too late as a cause of overwhelming pneumococcal sepsis. Report of a new case and review of 31 others. Eur J Pediatr 2002;161:368-372
    • (2002) Eur J Pediatr , vol.161 , pp. 368-372
    • Gilbert, B.1    Menetrey, C.2    Belin, V.3    Brosset, P.4    de Lumley, L.5    Fisher, A.6
  • 162
    • 34249029657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among individuals with sickle cell disease before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Halasa NB, Shankar SM, Talbot TR, et al. Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among individuals with sickle cell disease before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:1428-1433
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1428-1433
    • Halasa, N.B.1    Shankar, S.M.2    Talbot, T.R.3
  • 163
    • 0026608863 scopus 로고
    • Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with sickle cell disease: Epidemiology, immunologic mechanisms, prophylaxis, and vaccination
    • Wong WY, Overturf GD, Powars DR. Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with sickle cell disease: epidemiology, immunologic mechanisms, prophylaxis, and vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:1124-1136
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1124-1136
    • Wong, W.Y.1    Overturf, G.D.2    Powars, D.R.3
  • 164
    • 0242298737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with sickle cell disease in the era of penicillin prophylaxis, antibiotic resistance, and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination
    • Adamkiewicz TV, Sarnaik S, Buchanan GR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with sickle cell disease in the era of penicillin prophylaxis, antibiotic resistance, and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination. J Pediatr 2003;143:438-444
    • (2003) J Pediatr , vol.143 , pp. 438-444
    • Adamkiewicz, T.V.1    Sarnaik, S.2    Buchanan, G.R.3
  • 165
    • 0032571826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteremic pneumonia in neutropenic patients with cancer: Causes, empirical antibiotic therapy, and outcome
    • Carratala J, Roson B, Fernandez-Sevilla A, Alcaide F, Gudiol F. Bacteremic pneumonia in neutropenic patients with cancer: causes, empirical antibiotic therapy, and outcome. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:868-872
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 868-872
    • Carratala, J.1    Roson, B.2    Fernandez-Sevilla, A.3    Alcaide, F.4    Gudiol, F.5
  • 166
    • 25444475559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in patients with cancer: Disease characteristics and outcomes in the era of escalating drug resistance (1998-2002)
    • Kumashi P, Girgawy E, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV, Raad II, Safdar A. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in patients with cancer: disease characteristics and outcomes in the era of escalating drug resistance (1998-2002). Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:303-312
    • (2005) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.84 , pp. 303-312
    • Kumashi, P.1    Girgawy, E.2    Tarrand, J.J.3    Rolston, K.V.4    Raad II, S.A.5
  • 167
    • 0020663274 scopus 로고
    • Severe pneumococcal infection in patients with neoplastic disease
    • Chou MY, Brown AE, Blevins A, Armstrong D. Severe pneumococcal infection in patients with neoplastic disease. Cancer 1983;51:1546-1550
    • (1983) Cancer , vol.51 , pp. 1546-1550
    • Chou, M.Y.1    Brown, A.E.2    Blevins, A.3    Armstrong, D.4
  • 168
    • 34247647911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in 47 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: Clinical characteristics of infections and vaccine-breakthrough infections, 1989-2005
    • Youssef S, Rodriguez G, Rolston KV, Champlin RE, Raad II, Safdar A. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in 47 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: clinical characteristics of infections and vaccine-breakthrough infections, 1989-2005. Medicine (Baltimore) 2007;86:69-77
    • (2007) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.86 , pp. 69-77
    • Youssef, S.1    Rodriguez, G.2    Rolston, K.V.3    Champlin, R.E.4    Raad II, S.A.5
  • 169
    • 0142184937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of life-threatening infections due to encapsulated bacteria in children with hyposplenia or asplenia: A brief review of current recommendations for practical purposes
    • Castagnola E, Fioredda F. Prevention of life-threatening infections due to encapsulated bacteria in children with hyposplenia or asplenia: a brief review of current recommendations for practical purposes. Eur J Haematol 2003;71:319-326
    • (2003) Eur J Haematol , vol.71 , pp. 319-326
    • Castagnola, E.1    Fioredda, F.2
  • 171
    • 0034984311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal infections in children after transplantation
    • Schutze GE, Mason EO Jr, Wald ER, et al. Pneumococcal infections in children after transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:16-21
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 16-21
    • Schutze, G.E.1    Mason Jr, E.O.2    Wald, E.R.3
  • 172
    • 42549143956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A decade of prospective population-based surveillance
    • Kumar D, Humar A, Plevneshi A, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a decade of prospective population-based surveillance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008;41:743-747
    • (2008) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.41 , pp. 743-747
    • Kumar, D.1    Humar, A.2    Plevneshi, A.3
  • 173
    • 0036248164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late invasive pneumococcal infection following stem cell transplantation: A European Bone Marrow Transplantation survey
    • Engelhard D, Cordonnier C, Shaw PJ, et al. Early and late invasive pneumococcal infection following stem cell transplantation: a European Bone Marrow Transplantation survey. Br J Haematol 2002;117:444-450
    • (2002) Br J Haematol , vol.117 , pp. 444-450
    • Engelhard, D.1    Cordonnier, C.2    Shaw, P.J.3
  • 174
    • 0025089765 scopus 로고
    • The role of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pneumococcal bacteremia in San Francisco residents
    • Redd SC, Rutherford GW III, Sande MA, et al. The role of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pneumococcal bacteremia in San Francisco residents. J Infect Dis 1990;162:1012-1017
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.162 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Redd, S.C.1    Rutherford III, G.W.2    Sande, M.A.3
  • 175
    • 0142187280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease: A population-based assessment
    • King MD, Whitney CG, Parekh F, Farley MM. Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based assessment. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1029-1036
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 1029-1036
    • King, M.D.1    Whitney, C.G.2    Parekh, F.3    Farley, M.M.4
  • 178
    • 0015021874 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial infection and sickle cell anemia. An analysis of 250 infections in 166 patients and a review of the literature
    • Barrett-Connor E. Bacterial infection and sickle cell anemia. An analysis of 250 infections in 166 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1971;50:97-112
    • (1971) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.50 , pp. 97-112
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1
  • 179
    • 40949107353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease in the first decade of life
    • Adamkiewicz TV, Silk BJ, Howgate J, et al. Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease in the first decade of life. Pediatrics 2008;121:562-569
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , pp. 562-569
    • Adamkiewicz, T.V.1    Silk, B.J.2    Howgate, J.3
  • 180
    • 0028838589 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing sepsis and meningitis in children with sickle cell disease
    • Chesney PJ, Wilimas JA, Presbury G, et al. Penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing sepsis and meningitis in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr 1995;127:526-532
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.127 , pp. 526-532
    • Chesney, P.J.1    Wilimas, J.A.2    Presbury, G.3
  • 181
    • 0036693177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis and meningitis during the penicillin prophylaxis era in children with sickle cell disease
    • Hord J, Byrd R, Stowe L, Windsor B, Smith-Whitley K. Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis and meningitis during the penicillin prophylaxis era in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002;24:470-472
    • (2002) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 470-472
    • Hord, J.1    Byrd, R.2    Stowe, L.3    Windsor, B.4    Smith-Whitley, K.5
  • 182
    • 27944496081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of sickle cell anemia: A 4-decade observational study of 1056 patients
    • Powars DR, Chan LS, Hiti A, Ramicone E, Johnson C. Outcome of sickle cell anemia: a 4-decade observational study of 1056 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:363-376
    • (2005) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.84 , pp. 363-376
    • Powars, D.R.1    Chan, L.S.2    Hiti, A.3    Ramicone, E.4    Johnson, C.5
  • 183
    • 0034642592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of adverse outcomes in children with sickle cell disease
    • Miller ST, Sleeper LA, Pegelow CH, et al. Prediction of adverse outcomes in children with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2000;342:83-89
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 83-89
    • Miller, S.T.1    Sleeper, L.A.2    Pegelow, C.H.3
  • 184
    • 0024446352 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease
    • Leikin SL, Gallagher D, Kinney TR, Sloane D, Klug P, Rida W. Mortality in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatrics 1989;84:500-508
    • (1989) Pediatrics , vol.84 , pp. 500-508
    • Leikin, S.L.1    Gallagher, D.2    Kinney, T.R.3    Sloane, D.4    Klug, P.5    Rida, W.6
  • 185
    • 0035141003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in homozygous sickle cell disease: Jamaican experience 1973-1997
    • Knight-Madden J, Serjeant GR. Invasive pneumococcal disease in homozygous sickle cell disease: Jamaican experience 1973-1997. J Pediatr 2001;138:65-70
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 65-70
    • Knight-Madden, J.1    Serjeant, G.R.2
  • 186
    • 0022628893 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia: A randomized trial
    • Gaston MH, Verter JI, Woods G, et al. Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia: a randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1593-1599
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1593-1599
    • Gaston, M.H.1    Verter, J.I.2    Woods, G.3
  • 187
    • 2542455639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of children with sickle cell disease
    • Quinn CT, Rogers ZR, Buchanan GR. Survival of children with sickle cell disease. Blood 2004;103:4023-4027
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 4023-4027
    • Quinn, C.T.1    Rogers, Z.R.2    Buchanan, G.R.3
  • 188
    • 0042922800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provision of pneumococcal prophylaxis for publicly insured children with sickle cell disease
    • Sox CM, Cooper WO, Koepsell TD, DiGiuseppe DL, Christakis DA. Provision of pneumococcal prophylaxis for publicly insured children with sickle cell disease. JAMA 2003;290:1057-1061
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 1057-1061
    • Sox, C.M.1    Cooper, W.O.2    Koepsell, T.D.3    DiGiuseppe, D.L.4    Christakis, D.A.5
  • 189
    • 0033744553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM(197) among infants with sickle cell disease. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Study Group
    • O'Brien KL, Swift AJ, Winkelstein JA, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM(197) among infants with sickle cell disease. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Study Group. Pediatrics 2000;106:965-972
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.106 , pp. 965-972
    • O'Brien, K.L.1    Swift, A.J.2    Winkelstein, J.A.3
  • 190
    • 36549011866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity and safety of a pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine in infants with sickle cell disease
    • Reinert P, Benkerrou M, de Montalembert M, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine in infants with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(12):1105-1109
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , Issue.12 , pp. 1105-1109
    • Reinert, P.1    Benkerrou, M.2    de Montalembert, M.3
  • 191
    • 0031880516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined schedule of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in children and young adults with sickle cell disease
    • Vernacchio L, Neufeld EJ, MacDonald K, et al. Combined schedule of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in children and young adults with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr 1998;133:275-278
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.133 , pp. 275-278
    • Vernacchio, L.1    Neufeld, E.J.2    MacDonald, K.3
  • 192
    • 0026606796 scopus 로고
    • Polysaccharide encapsulated bacterial infection in sickle cell anemia: A thirty year epidemiologic experience
    • Wong WY, Powars DR, Chan L, Hiti A, Johnson C, Overturf G. Polysaccharide encapsulated bacterial infection in sickle cell anemia: a thirty year epidemiologic experience. Am J Hematol 1992;39:176-182
    • (1992) Am J Hematol , vol.39 , pp. 176-182
    • Wong, W.Y.1    Powars, D.R.2    Chan, L.3    Hiti, A.4    Johnson, C.5    Overturf, G.6
  • 193
    • 0028812672 scopus 로고
    • Discontinuing penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell anemia. Prophylactic Penicillin Study II
    • Falletta JM, Woods GM, Verter JI, et al. Discontinuing penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell anemia. Prophylactic Penicillin Study II. J Pediatr 1995;127:685-690
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.127 , pp. 685-690
    • Falletta, J.M.1    Woods, G.M.2    Verter, J.I.3
  • 194
    • 0033869176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Infectious Diseases. Policy statement: Recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis
    • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Policy statement: recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2000;106(2 Pt 1):362-366
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.106 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 362-366
  • 195
    • 33846389441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteraemia in homozygous sickle cell disease in Africa: Is pneumococcal prophylaxis justified?
    • Kizito ME, Mworozi E, Ndugwa C, Serjeant GR. Bacteraemia in homozygous sickle cell disease in Africa: is pneumococcal prophylaxis justified? Arch Dis Child 2007;92:21-23
    • (2007) Arch Dis Child , vol.92 , pp. 21-23
    • Kizito, M.E.1    Mworozi, E.2    Ndugwa, C.3    Serjeant, G.R.4
  • 196
    • 0017178646 scopus 로고
    • Septicemia and meningitis in children splenectomized for Hodgkin's disease
    • Chilcote RR, Baehner RL, Hammond D. Septicemia and meningitis in children splenectomized for Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 1976;295:798-800
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 798-800
    • Chilcote, R.R.1    Baehner, R.L.2    Hammond, D.3
  • 197
    • 0030996315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic pneumococcal disease after staging splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease 1969-1980 without pneumococcal vaccine protection: A follow-up study 1994
    • Foss Abrahamsen A, Hoiby EA, Hannisdal E, et al. Systemic pneumococcal disease after staging splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease 1969-1980 without pneumococcal vaccine protection: a follow-up study 1994. Eur J Haematol 1997;58:73-77
    • (1997) Eur J Haematol , vol.58 , pp. 73-77
    • Foss Abrahamsen, A.1    Hoiby, E.A.2    Hannisdal, E.3
  • 198
    • 0025973401 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal infections in splenectomized children are preventable
    • Konradsen HB, Henrichsen J. Pneumococcal infections in splenectomized children are preventable. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991;80:423-427
    • (1991) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.80 , pp. 423-427
    • Konradsen, H.B.1    Henrichsen, J.2
  • 200
  • 201
    • 0025101563 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of pneumococcal infections in cardiac transplant recipients
    • Amber IJ, Gilbert EM, Schiffman G, Jacobson JA. Increased risk of pneumococcal infections in cardiac transplant recipients. Transplantation 1990;49:122-125
    • (1990) Transplantation , vol.49 , pp. 122-125
    • Amber, I.J.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Schiffman, G.3    Jacobson, J.A.4
  • 202
    • 0037159556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft versus host disease: A case report and review of the literature
    • Haddad PA, Repka TL, Weisdorf DJ. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft versus host disease: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Med 2002;113:152-155
    • (2002) Am J Med , vol.113 , pp. 152-155
    • Haddad, P.A.1    Repka, T.L.2    Weisdorf, D.J.3
  • 203
    • 0034660530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic graft versus host disease is associated with long-term risk for pneumococcal infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants
    • Kulkarni S, Powles R, Treleaven J, et al. Chronic graft versus host disease is associated with long-term risk for pneumococcal infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants. Blood 2000;95:3683-3686
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 3683-3686
    • Kulkarni, S.1    Powles, R.2    Treleaven, J.3
  • 204
    • 0028560023 scopus 로고
    • Fatal pneumococcal infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplant
    • Rege K, Mehta J, Treleaven J, et al. Fatal pneumococcal infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14:903-906
    • (1994) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 903-906
    • Rege, K.1    Mehta, J.2    Treleaven, J.3
  • 205
    • 34247352940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in solid organ transplant recipients-10-year prospective population surveillance
    • Kumar D, Humar A, Plevneshi A, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in solid organ transplant recipients-10-year prospective population surveillance. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1209-1214
    • (2007) Am J Transplant , vol.7 , pp. 1209-1214
    • Kumar, D.1    Humar, A.2    Plevneshi, A.3
  • 206
    • 31344451655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommended screening and preventive practices for long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation: Joint recommendations of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
    • Rizzo JD, Wingard JR, Tichelli A, et al. Recommended screening and preventive practices for long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation: joint recommendations of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006;12:138-151
    • (2006) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.12 , pp. 138-151
    • Rizzo, J.D.1    Wingard, J.R.2    Tichelli, A.3
  • 207
    • 18144388318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination of stem cell transplant recipients: Recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the EBMT
    • Ljungman P, Engelhard D, de la Camara R, et al. Vaccination of stem cell transplant recipients: recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;35:737-746
    • (2005) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.35 , pp. 737-746
    • Ljungman, P.1    Engelhard, D.2    de la Camara, R.3
  • 208
    • 0034749409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humoral immunity to viral and bacterial antigens in lymphoma patients 4-10 years after high-dose therapy with ABMT. Serological responses to revaccinations according to EBMT guidelines
    • Nordoy T, Husebekk A, Aaberge IS, et al. Humoral immunity to viral and bacterial antigens in lymphoma patients 4-10 years after high-dose therapy with ABMT. Serological responses to revaccinations according to EBMT guidelines. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001;28:681-687
    • (2001) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.28 , pp. 681-687
    • Nordoy, T.1    Husebekk, A.2    Aaberge, I.S.3
  • 209
    • 0037306999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donor immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and early protective antibody responses following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
    • Molrine DC, Antin JH, Guinan EC, et al. Donor immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and early protective antibody responses following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2003;101:831-836
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 831-836
    • Molrine, D.C.1    Antin, J.H.2    Guinan, E.C.3
  • 210
    • 2942567821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease in patients infected with HIV: Still a threat in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Jordano Q, Falco V, Almirante B, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in patients infected with HIV: still a threat in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1623-1628
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 1623-1628
    • Jordano, Q.1    Falco, V.2    Almirante, B.3
  • 211
    • 0034141529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, California
    • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Gelling L, Kool JL, Reingold AL, Vugia DJ. Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, California. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:182-190
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 182-190
    • Nuorti, J.P.1    Butler, J.C.2    Gelling, L.3    Kool, J.L.4    Reingold, A.L.5    Vugia, D.J.6
  • 212
    • 0035282382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: Incidence, risk factors, and impact of vaccination
    • Dworkin MS, Ward JW, Hanson DL, Jones JL, Kaplan JE. Pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: incidence, risk factors, and impact of vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:794-800
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 794-800
    • Dworkin, M.S.1    Ward, J.W.2    Hanson, D.L.3    Jones, J.L.4    Kaplan, J.E.5
  • 213
    • 0029829112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease: Clinical features, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in cases involving patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Frankel RE, Virata M, Hardalo C, Altice FL, Friedland G. Invasive pneumococcal disease: clinical features, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in cases involving patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:577-584
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 577-584
    • Frankel, R.E.1    Virata, M.2    Hardalo, C.3    Altice, F.L.4    Friedland, G.5
  • 214
    • 19244363224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in a cohort of former injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: Incidence, etiologies, and clinical aspects
    • Boschini A, Smacchia C, Di Fine M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in a cohort of former injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: incidence, etiologies, and clinical aspects. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:107-113
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 107-113
    • Boschini, A.1    Smacchia, C.2    Di Fine, M.3
  • 215
    • 39149088704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease
    • Bliss SJ, O'Brien KL, Janoff EN, et al. The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:67-80
    • (2008) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 67-80
    • Bliss, S.J.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Janoff, E.N.3
  • 216
    • 0035155776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Dankner WM, Lindsey JC, Levin MJ. Correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:40-48
    • (2001) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.20 , pp. 40-48
    • Dankner, W.M.1    Lindsey, J.C.2    Levin, M.J.3
  • 217
    • 0034536702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the disease spectrum of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children
    • Madhi SA, Petersen K, Madhi A, Wasas A, Klugman KP. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the disease spectrum of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:1141-1147
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Petersen, K.2    Madhi, A.3    Wasas, A.4    Klugman, K.P.5
  • 218
    • 0034456878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased disease burden and antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing severe community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children
    • Madhi SA, Petersen K, Madhi A, Khoosal M, Klugman KP. Increased disease burden and antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing severe community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:170-176
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 170-176
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Petersen, K.2    Madhi, A.3    Khoosal, M.4    Klugman, K.P.5
  • 220
    • 42549140288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and seroepidemiology among Zambian women
    • Gill CJ, Mwanakasale V, Fox MP, et al. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and seroepidemiology among Zambian women. J Infect Dis 2008;197:1000-1005
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 1000-1005
    • Gill, C.J.1    Mwanakasale, V.2    Fox, M.P.3
  • 221
    • 0141724638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multistate evaluation of invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns in the United States
    • Fry AM, Facklam RR, Whitney CG, Plikaytis BD, Schuchat A. Multistate evaluation of invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns in the United States. J Infect Dis 2003;188:643-652
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.188 , pp. 643-652
    • Fry, A.M.1    Facklam, R.R.2    Whitney, C.G.3    Plikaytis, B.D.4    Schuchat, A.5
  • 222
    • 20444409425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons with AIDS in an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 1995-2000
    • Heffernan RT, Barrett NL, Gallagher KM, et al. Declining incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons with AIDS in an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 1995-2000. J Infect Dis 2005;191:2038-2045
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 2038-2045
    • Heffernan, R.T.1    Barrett, N.L.2    Gallagher, K.M.3
  • 223
    • 1542304577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era: Incidence, risk, and impact of the pneumococcal vaccination
    • Lopez-Palomo C, Martin-Zamorano M, Benitez E, et al. Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era: incidence, risk, and impact of the pneumococcal vaccination. J Med Virol 2004;72:517-524
    • (2004) J Med Virol , vol.72 , pp. 517-524
    • Lopez-Palomo, C.1    Martin-Zamorano, M.2    Benitez, E.3
  • 224
    • 23044454558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic changes in bacteremic pneumococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Grau I, Pallares R, Tubau F, et al. Epidemiologic changes in bacteremic pneumococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1533-1540
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 1533-1540
    • Grau, I.1    Pallares, R.2    Tubau, F.3
  • 225
    • 33746100664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era
    • Gona P, Van Dyke RB, Williams PL, et al. Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era. JAMA 2006;296:292-300
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 292-300
    • Gona, P.1    Van Dyke, R.B.2    Williams, P.L.3
  • 226
    • 4444220301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viani RM, Araneta MR, Deville JG, Spector SA. Decrease in hospitalization and mortality rates among children with perinatally acquired HIV type 1 infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:725-731
    • Viani RM, Araneta MR, Deville JG, Spector SA. Decrease in hospitalization and mortality rates among children with perinatally acquired HIV type 1 infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:725-731
  • 227
    • 23244456088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of serious bacterial infections among HIV-infected children with immune reconstitution who have discontinued opportunistic infection prophylaxis
    • Nachman S, Gona P, Dankner W, et al. The rate of serious bacterial infections among HIV-infected children with immune reconstitution who have discontinued opportunistic infection prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2005;115:e488-e494
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115
    • Nachman, S.1    Gona, P.2    Dankner, W.3
  • 228
    • 0035451713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal bacteremia in adults in Soweto, South Africa, during the course of a decade
    • Karstaedt AS, Khoosal M, Crewe-Brown HH. Pneumococcal bacteremia in adults in Soweto, South Africa, during the course of a decade. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:610-614
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 610-614
    • Karstaedt, A.S.1    Khoosal, M.2    Crewe-Brown, H.H.3
  • 229
    • 0031858421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favorable prognosis of purulent meningitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Almirante B, Saballs M, Ribera E, et al. Favorable prognosis of purulent meningitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:176-180
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 176-180
    • Almirante, B.1    Saballs, M.2    Ribera, E.3
  • 230
    • 0027533106 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization, bacteremia, and immune response among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Janoff EN, O'Brien J, Thompson P, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization, bacteremia, and immune response among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1993;167:49-56
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 49-56
    • Janoff, E.N.1    O'Brien, J.2    Thompson, P.3
  • 231
    • 0030731080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae blood culture isolates from patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: Alterations in penicillin susceptibilities and in serogroups or serotypes
    • Crewe-Brown HH, Karstaedt AS, Saunders GL, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae blood culture isolates from patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: alterations in penicillin susceptibilities and in serogroups or serotypes. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:1165-1172
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 1165-1172
    • Crewe-Brown, H.H.1    Karstaedt, A.S.2    Saunders, G.L.3
  • 232
    • 0036146422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on etiology and susceptibilities of pathogens causing human immunodeficiency virus-associated bacteremia
    • Wininger DA, Fass RJ. Impact of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on etiology and susceptibilities of pathogens causing human immunodeficiency virus-associated bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:594-597
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 594-597
    • Wininger, D.A.1    Fass, R.J.2
  • 233
    • 0037015188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons-2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Masur H, Kaplan JE, Holmes KK. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons-2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Ann Intern Med 2002;137(5 Pt 2):435-478
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , Issue.5 PART 2 , pp. 435-478
    • Masur, H.1    Kaplan, J.E.2    Holmes, K.K.3
  • 234
    • 0036838639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1 infected former drug users
    • Amendola A, Tanzi E, Zappa A, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1 infected former drug users. Vaccine 2002;20:3720-3724
    • (2002) Vaccine , vol.20 , pp. 3720-3724
    • Amendola, A.1    Tanzi, E.2    Zappa, A.3
  • 235
    • 0037019826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Pneumovax II vaccination in high-risk individuals on specific antibody and opsonic capacity against specific and non-specific antigen
    • Huo Z, Miles J, Harris T, Riches P. Effect of Pneumovax II vaccination in high-risk individuals on specific antibody and opsonic capacity against specific and non-specific antigen. Vaccine 2002;20:3532-3534
    • (2002) Vaccine , vol.20 , pp. 3532-3534
    • Huo, Z.1    Miles, J.2    Harris, T.3    Riches, P.4
  • 236
    • 0032505076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-1-infected adults in Uganda: Humoral response and two vaccine failures
    • French N, Gilks CF, Mujugira A, Fasching C, O'Brien J, Janoff EN. Pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-1-infected adults in Uganda: humoral response and two vaccine failures. AIDS 1998;12:1683-1689
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1683-1689
    • French, N.1    Gilks, C.F.2    Mujugira, A.3    Fasching, C.4    O'Brien, J.5    Janoff, E.N.6
  • 237
    • 0034679239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: Double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial
    • French N, Nakiyingi J, Carpenter LM, et al. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:2106-2111
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 2106-2111
    • French, N.1    Nakiyingi, J.2    Carpenter, L.M.3
  • 238
    • 0029890009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    • Gebo KA, Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1996;173:857-862
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 857-862
    • Gebo, K.A.1    Moore, R.D.2    Keruly, J.C.3    Chaisson, R.E.4
  • 239
    • 42549101460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pneumococcal vaccination on the incidence of pneumonia by HIV infection status among patients enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort 5-Site Study
    • Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Goulet J, Brown S, et al. Impact of pneumococcal vaccination on the incidence of pneumonia by HIV infection status among patients enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort 5-Site Study. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1093-1100
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1093-1100
    • Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C.1    Goulet, J.2    Brown, S.3
  • 240
    • 0038623839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perturbations in B cell responsiveness to CD4+T cell help in HIV-infected individuals
    • Moir S, Ogwaro KM, Malaspina A, et al. Perturbations in B cell responsiveness to CD4+T cell help in HIV-infected individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:6057-6062
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 6057-6062
    • Moir, S.1    Ogwaro, K.M.2    Malaspina, A.3
  • 241
    • 0042160250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy to vaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Alexandraki I, Nazir T, et al. Response of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy to vaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:438-447
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 438-447
    • Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C.1    Alexandraki, I.2    Nazir, T.3
  • 242
    • 0035851352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valen polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults
    • Feikin DR, Elie CM, Goetz MB, et al. Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valen polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults. Vaccine 2001;20:545-553
    • (2001) Vaccine , vol.20 , pp. 545-553
    • Feikin, D.R.1    Elie, C.M.2    Goetz, M.B.3
  • 243
    • 0034703851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after prior immunization with conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected adults
    • Kroon FP, van Dissel JT, Ravensbergen E, Nibbering PH, van Furth R. Enhanced antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after prior immunization with conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected adults. Vaccine 2000;19:886-894
    • (2000) Vaccine , vol.19 , pp. 886-894
    • Kroon, F.P.1    van Dissel, J.T.2    Ravensbergen, E.3    Nibbering, P.H.4    van Furth, R.5
  • 244
    • 0037743433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Nachman S, Kim S, King J, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Pediatrics 2003;112(1 Pt 1):66-73
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , Issue.1 PART 1 , pp. 66-73
    • Nachman, S.1    Kim, S.2    King, J.3
  • 245
    • 33749426110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity, safety, and predictors of response after a pneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine series in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Abzug MJ, Pelton SI, Song LY, et al. Immunogenicity, safety, and predictors of response after a pneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine series in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:920-929
    • (2006) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.25 , pp. 920-929
    • Abzug, M.J.1    Pelton, S.I.2    Song, L.Y.3
  • 246
    • 27644570187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity and immunological memory induced by a 7-valent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine in symptomatic HIV-1 infected children
    • Spoulou VI, Tsoumas DL, Papaevangelou VG, Mostrou GI, Theodoridou MC. Immunogenicity and immunological memory induced by a 7-valent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine in symptomatic HIV-1 infected children. Vaccine 2005;23:5289-5293
    • (2005) Vaccine , vol.23 , pp. 5289-5293
    • Spoulou, V.I.1    Tsoumas, D.L.2    Papaevangelou, V.G.3    Mostrou, G.I.4    Theodoridou, M.C.5
  • 247
    • 18644379800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative and qualitative antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children
    • Madhi SA, Kuwanda L, Cutland C, Holm A, Kayhty H, Klugman KP. Quantitative and qualitative antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:410-416
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , pp. 410-416
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Kuwanda, L.2    Cutland, C.3    Holm, A.4    Kayhty, H.5    Klugman, K.P.6
  • 248
    • 0141430931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection
    • Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Huebner RE, Kohberger R, Mbelle N, Pierce N. A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1341-1348
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Klugman, K.P.1    Madhi, S.A.2    Huebner, R.E.3    Kohberger, R.4    Mbelle, N.5    Pierce, N.6
  • 249
    • 33847793464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of a 9-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in human immunodeficient virus infected and non-infected children in the absence of a booster dose of vaccine
    • Madhi SA, Adrian P, Kuwanda L, et al. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of a 9-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in human immunodeficient virus infected and non-infected children in the absence of a booster dose of vaccine. Vaccine 2007;25:2451-2457
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 2451-2457
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Adrian, P.2    Kuwanda, L.3
  • 250
    • 0034750197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, Puy-de-Dome, France, 1994-1998
    • Laurichesse H, Romaszko JP, Nguyen LT, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, Puy-de-Dome, France, 1994-1998. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001;20:299-308
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 299-308
    • Laurichesse, H.1    Romaszko, J.P.2    Nguyen, L.T.3
  • 251
    • 43949136481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States
    • Tsai CJ, Griffin MR, Pekka Nuorti J, Grijalva CG. Changing epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1664-1672
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1664-1672
    • Tsai, C.J.1    Griffin, M.R.2    Pekka Nuorti, J.3    Grijalva, C.G.4
  • 252
    • 0020656535 scopus 로고
    • Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Hook EW III, Horton CA, Schaberg DR. Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia. JAMA 1983;249:1055-1057
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 1055-1057
    • Hook III, E.W.1    Horton, C.A.2    Schaberg, D.R.3
  • 254
    • 1542719625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective observational study of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: Effect of discordant therapy on mortality
    • Lujan M, Gallego M, Fontanals D, Mariscal D, Rello J. Prospective observational study of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: Effect of discordant therapy on mortality. Crit Care Med 2004;32:625-631
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 625-631
    • Lujan, M.1    Gallego, M.2    Fontanals, D.3    Mariscal, D.4    Rello, J.5
  • 255
    • 0031888025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in a community hospital
    • Torres JM, Cardenas O, Vasquez A, Schlossberg D. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in a community hospital. Chest 1998;113:387-390
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 387-390
    • Torres, J.M.1    Cardenas, O.2    Vasquez, A.3    Schlossberg, D.4
  • 256
    • 0001372661 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal bacteremia with especial reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Austrian R, Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with especial reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1964;60:759-776
    • (1964) Ann Intern Med , vol.60 , pp. 759-776
    • Austrian, R.1    Gold, J.2
  • 257
    • 0022385832 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis
    • Perlino CA, Rimland D. Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:757-760
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.132 , pp. 757-760
    • Perlino, C.A.1    Rimland, D.2
  • 258
    • 0034085165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Metlay JP, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, et al. Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:520-528
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 520-528
    • Metlay, J.P.1    Hofmann, J.2    Cetron, M.S.3
  • 259
    • 2442655168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penicillin and macrolide resistance in pneumococcal pneumonia: Does in vitro resistance affect clinical outcomes?
    • Rothermel CD. Penicillin and macrolide resistance in pneumococcal pneumonia: does in vitro resistance affect clinical outcomes? Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(Suppl 4):S346-S349
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Rothermel, C.D.1
  • 260
    • 12144288480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia: Clinical relevance and related factors
    • Aspa J, Rajas O, Rodriguez de Castro F, et al. Drug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia: clinical relevance and related factors. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:787-798
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 787-798
    • Aspa, J.1    Rajas, O.2    Rodriguez de Castro, F.3
  • 261
    • 33746644193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease among children in a health district of Barcelona: Early impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Calbo E, Diaz A, Canadell E, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among children in a health district of Barcelona: early impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:867-872
    • (2006) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.12 , pp. 867-872
    • Calbo, E.1    Diaz, A.2    Canadell, E.3
  • 262
    • 33847748669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiographic, clinical, and prognostic features of complicated and uncomplicated community-acquired lobar pneumonia in children
    • Lin CJ, Chen PY, Huang FL, Lee T, Chi CS, Lin CY. Radiographic, clinical, and prognostic features of complicated and uncomplicated community-acquired lobar pneumonia in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2006;39:489-495
    • (2006) J Microbiol Immunol Infect , vol.39 , pp. 489-495
    • Lin, C.J.1    Chen, P.Y.2    Huang, F.L.3    Lee, T.4    Chi, C.S.5    Lin, C.Y.6
  • 263
    • 33746649552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cavitatory lung disease complicating empyema in children
    • Ramphul N, Eastham KM, Freeman R, et al. Cavitatory lung disease complicating empyema in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006;41:750-753
    • (2006) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.41 , pp. 750-753
    • Ramphul, N.1    Eastham, K.M.2    Freeman, R.3
  • 264
    • 33745700758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing pneumococcal pneumonia in children: The role of pulmonary gangrene
    • Hsieh YC, Hsiao CH, Tsao PN, et al. Necrotizing pneumococcal pneumonia in children: the role of pulmonary gangrene. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006;41:623-629
    • (2006) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.41 , pp. 623-629
    • Hsieh, Y.C.1    Hsiao, C.H.2    Tsao, P.N.3
  • 265
    • 2942650875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features, aetiology and outcome of empyema in children in the north east of England
    • Eastham KM, Freeman R, Kearns AM, et al. Clinical features, aetiology and outcome of empyema in children in the north east of England. Thorax 2004;59:522-525
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , pp. 522-525
    • Eastham, K.M.1    Freeman, R.2    Kearns, A.M.3
  • 266
    • 20844453588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in the intermountain west: Emergence of nonvaccine serogroups
    • Byington CL, Samore MH, Stoddard GJ, et al. Temporal trends of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in the intermountain west: emergence of nonvaccine serogroups. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:21-29
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 21-29
    • Byington, C.L.1    Samore, M.H.2    Stoddard, G.J.3
  • 267
    • 40749097305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical microbiology: Laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Werno AM, Murdoch DR. Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:926-932
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 926-932
    • Werno, A.M.1    Murdoch, D.R.2
  • 268
    • 0034450704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of the usefulness of sputumv Gram stain in the initial approach to community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization
    • Roson B, Carratala J, Verdaguer R, Dorca J, Manresa F, Gudiol F. Prospective study of the usefulness of sputumv Gram stain in the initial approach to community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:869-874
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 869-874
    • Roson, B.1    Carratala, J.2    Verdaguer, R.3    Dorca, J.4    Manresa, F.5    Gudiol, F.6
  • 269
    • 0037321388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • Marcos MA, Jimenez de Anta MT, de la Bellacasa JP, et al. Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Eur Respir J 2003;21:209-214
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 209-214
    • Marcos, M.A.1    Jimenez de Anta, M.T.2    de la Bellacasa, J.P.3
  • 270
    • 0034787361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Murdoch DR, Laing RT, Mills GD, et al. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3495-3498
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 3495-3498
    • Murdoch, D.R.1    Laing, R.T.2    Mills, G.D.3
  • 271
    • 0037687967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in cerebrospinal fluid for rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis
    • Samra Z, Shmuely H, Nahum E, Paghis D, Ben-Ari J. Use of the NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in cerebrospinal fluid for rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003;45:237-240
    • (2003) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 237-240
    • Samra, Z.1    Shmuely, H.2    Nahum, E.3    Paghis, D.4    Ben-Ari, J.5
  • 272
    • 33645787488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiological diagnosis of empyema in children: Comparative evaluations by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluids
    • Le Monnier A, Carbonnelle E, Zahar JR, et al. Microbiological diagnosis of empyema in children: comparative evaluations by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluids. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1135-1140
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1135-1140
    • Le Monnier, A.1    Carbonnelle, E.2    Zahar, J.R.3
  • 273
    • 1642497534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of a urinary antigen assay (Binax NOW) to the early diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Roson B, Fernandez-Sabe N, Carratala J, et al. Contribution of a urinary antigen assay (Binax NOW) to the early diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:222-226
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 222-226
    • Roson, B.1    Fernandez-Sabe, N.2    Carratala, J.3
  • 274
    • 0036532223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in children with nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage
    • Hamer DH, Egas J, Estrella B, MacLeod WB, Griffiths JK, Sempertegui F. Assessment of the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in children with nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:1025-1028
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 1025-1028
    • Hamer, D.H.1    Egas, J.2    Estrella, B.3    MacLeod, W.B.4    Griffiths, J.K.5    Sempertegui, F.6
  • 275
    • 0034942892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Binax now Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in children in a community with a high carriage rate of pneumococcus
    • Adegbola RA, Obaro SK, Biney E, Greenwood BM. Evaluation of Binax now Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in children in a community with a high carriage rate of pneumococcus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:718-719
    • (2001) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.20 , pp. 718-719
    • Adegbola, R.A.1    Obaro, S.K.2    Biney, E.3    Greenwood, B.M.4
  • 276
    • 0035282357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients
    • Dowell SF, Garman RL, Liu G, Levine OS, Yang YH. Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:824-825
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 824-825
    • Dowell, S.F.1    Garman, R.L.2    Liu, G.3    Levine, O.S.4    Yang, Y.H.5
  • 277
    • 0031947404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal vaccination in the United States and 20 other developed countries, 1981-1996
    • Fedson DS. Pneumococcal vaccination in the United States and 20 other developed countries, 1981-1996. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1117-1123
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Fedson, D.S.1
  • 278
    • 0031585940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of pneumococcal disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1997;46(RR-8):1-24
    • (1997) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.46 , Issue.RR-8 , pp. 1-24
  • 279
    • 0030771746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people
    • Sisk JE, Moskowitz AJ, Whang W, et al. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people. JAMA 1997;278:1333-1339
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1333-1339
    • Sisk, J.E.1    Moskowitz, A.J.2    Whang, W.3
  • 280
    • 0026042704 scopus 로고
    • The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1453-1460
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Shapiro, E.D.1    Berg, A.T.2    Austrian, R.3
  • 281
  • 282
    • 0033522961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine on simultaneously administered influenza vaccine in preventing pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older
    • Honkanen PO, Keistinen T, Miettinen L, et al. Incremental effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine on simultaneously administered influenza vaccine in preventing pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older. Vaccine 1999;17:2493-2500
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , pp. 2493-2500
    • Honkanen, P.O.1    Keistinen, T.2    Miettinen, L.3
  • 283
    • 0346594413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in prevention of pneumonia in middle-aged and elderly people. Swedish Pneumococcal Vaccination Study Group
    • Ortqvist A, Hedlund J, Burman LA, et al. Randomised trial of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in prevention of pneumonia in middle-aged and elderly people. Swedish Pneumococcal Vaccination Study Group. Lancet 1998;351:399-403
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 399-403
    • Ortqvist, A.1    Hedlund, J.2    Burman, L.A.3
  • 284
    • 0034715306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine for HIV-infected patients
    • Breiman RF, Keller DW, Phelan MA, et al. Evaluation of effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine for HIV-infected patients. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2633-2638
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 2633-2638
    • Breiman, R.F.1    Keller, D.W.2    Phelan, M.A.3
  • 285
    • 0242600542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults
    • Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Yu O, et al. Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1747-1755
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1747-1755
    • Jackson, L.A.1    Neuzil, K.M.2    Yu, O.3
  • 286
    • 0022896971 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study
    • Simberkoff MS, Cross AP, Al-Ibrahim M, et al. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1318-1327
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1318-1327
    • Simberkoff, M.S.1    Cross, A.P.2    Al-Ibrahim, M.3
  • 287
    • 0037157277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: A systematic review of clinical effectiveness in adults
    • Watson L, Wilson BJ, Waugh N. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review of clinical effectiveness in adults. Vaccine 2002;20:2166-2173
    • (2002) Vaccine , vol.20 , pp. 2166-2173
    • Watson, L.1    Wilson, B.J.2    Waugh, N.3
  • 288
    • 8144221241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in vaccinated long term-care residents in Brazil
    • Brandao AP, de Oliveira TC, de Cunto Brandileone MC, Goncalves JE, Yara TI, Simonsen V. Persistence of antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in vaccinated long term-care residents in Brazil. Vaccine 2004;23:762-768
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.23 , pp. 762-768
    • Brandao, A.P.1    de Oliveira, T.C.2    de Cunto Brandileone, M.C.3    Goncalves, J.E.4    Yara, T.I.5    Simonsen, V.6
  • 289
    • 0031848921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude, duration, quality, and function of pneumococcal vaccine responses in elderly adults
    • Rubins JB, Puri AK, Loch J, et al. Magnitude, duration, quality, and function of pneumococcal vaccine responses in elderly adults. J Infect Dis 1998;178:431-440
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 431-440
    • Rubins, J.B.1    Puri, A.K.2    Loch, J.3
  • 290
    • 0029147872 scopus 로고
    • Quantity and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies before and up to five years after pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons
    • Konradsen HB. Quantity and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies before and up to five years after pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:616-620
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 616-620
    • Konradsen, H.B.1
  • 292
    • 0242289505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in middle-aged and elderly persons previously treated for pneumonia
    • Torling J, Hedlund J, Konradsen HB, Ortqvist A. Revaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in middle-aged and elderly persons previously treated for pneumonia. Vaccine 2003;22:96-103
    • (2003) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 96-103
    • Torling, J.1    Hedlund, J.2    Konradsen, H.B.3    Ortqvist, A.4
  • 293
    • 15544372503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged <65 years at high risk: A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services
    • Willis BC, Ndiaye SM, Hopkins DP, Shefer A. Improving influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged <65 years at high risk: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005;54(RR-5):1-11
    • (2005) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.54 , Issue.RR-5 , pp. 1-11
    • Willis, B.C.1    Ndiaye, S.M.2    Hopkins, D.P.3    Shefer, A.4
  • 294
    • 34247218436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of varying dosages of 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in seniors previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Nahm MH, et al. Immunogenicity of varying dosages of 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in seniors previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Vaccine 2007;25:4029-4037
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 4029-4037
    • Jackson, L.A.1    Neuzil, K.M.2    Nahm, M.H.3
  • 295
    • 0033585453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Jackson LA, Benson P, Sneller VP, et al. Safety of revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. JAMA 1999;281:243-248
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 243-248
    • Jackson, L.A.1    Benson, P.2    Sneller, V.P.3
  • 296
    • 33748473793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adults with invasive pneumococcal disease: Missed opportunities for vaccination
    • Kyaw MH, Greene CM, Schaffner W, et al. Adults with invasive pneumococcal disease: missed opportunities for vaccination. Am J Prev Med 2006;31:286-292
    • (2006) Am J Prev Med , vol.31 , pp. 286-292
    • Kyaw, M.H.1    Greene, C.M.2    Schaffner, W.3
  • 297
    • 0034612937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP)
    • Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice
    • Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice. Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2000;49(RR-9):1-35
    • (2000) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.49 , Issue.RR-9 , pp. 1-35
  • 298
    • 0032878775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers
    • Shinefield HR, Black S, Ray P, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999;18:757-763
    • (1999) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.18 , pp. 757-763
    • Shinefield, H.R.1    Black, S.2    Ray, P.3
  • 299
    • 0034063425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group
    • Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:187-195
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 187-195
    • Black, S.1    Shinefield, H.2    Fireman, B.3
  • 300
    • 42549133197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement pneumococcal disease in perspective
    • Pelton SI. Replacement pneumococcal disease in perspective. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1353-1355
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1353-1355
    • Pelton, S.I.1
  • 302
    • 41649095957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children aged 24-59 months who are not completed vaccinated. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008;57:343-344
    • Updated Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children aged 24-59 months who are not completed vaccinated. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008;57:343-344
  • 303
    • 9144235744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety and immunogenicity of an heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (Prevenar) administered in association with a whole-cell pertussis-based pediatric combination vaccine (DTP-IPV/PRP-T) to French infants with a two-, three-, and four-month schedule
    • in French
    • Reinert P, Guy M, Girier B, et al. The safety and immunogenicity of an heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (Prevenar) administered in association with a whole-cell pertussis-based pediatric combination vaccine (DTP-IPV/PRP-T) to French infants with a two-, three-, and four-month schedule [in French]. Arch Pediatr 2003;10:1048-1055
    • (2003) Arch Pediatr , vol.10 , pp. 1048-1055
    • Reinert, P.1    Guy, M.2    Girier, B.3
  • 304
    • 20144367956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in the Gambia: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Cutts FT, Zaman SM, Enwere G, et al. Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in the Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1139-1146
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1139-1146
    • Cutts, F.T.1    Zaman, S.M.2    Enwere, G.3
  • 305
    • 35348817329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and invasive disease isolates during a cluster-randomized clinical trial of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Lipsitch M, O'Neill K, Cordy D, et al. Strain characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and invasive disease isolates during a cluster-randomized clinical trial of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2007;196:1221-1227
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. 1221-1227
    • Lipsitch, M.1    O'Neill, K.2    Cordy, D.3
  • 306
    • 33645741222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Poehling KA, Talbot TR, Griffin MR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2006;295:1668-1674
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1668-1674
    • Poehling, K.A.1    Talbot, T.R.2    Griffin, M.R.3
  • 307
    • 24944542396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease-United States, 1998-2003
    • Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease-United States, 1998-2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005;54(36):893-897
    • (2005) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.54 , Issue.36 , pp. 893-897
  • 311
    • 33749432540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media
    • Cohen R, Levy C, de La Rocque F, et al. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:1001-1007
    • (2006) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.25 , pp. 1001-1007
    • Cohen, R.1    Levy, C.2    de La Rocque, F.3
  • 312
    • 33646902114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: An explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Hammitt LL, Bruden DL, Butler JC, et al. Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: an explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infect Dis 2006;193:1487-1494
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 1487-1494
    • Hammitt, L.L.1    Bruden, D.L.2    Butler, J.C.3
  • 313
    • 0035825720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media
    • Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, et al. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med 2001;344:403-409
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 403-409
    • Eskola, J.1    Kilpi, T.2    Palmu, A.3
  • 314
    • 10444290716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of penicillin- nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae clones expressing serotypes not present in the antipneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Porat N, Arguedas A, Spratt BG, et al. Emergence of penicillin- nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae clones expressing serotypes not present in the antipneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2004;190:2154-2161
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.190 , pp. 2154-2161
    • Porat, N.1    Arguedas, A.2    Spratt, B.G.3
  • 315
    • 42549087356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide and free polysaccharide vaccines in elderly adults: Conjugate vaccine elicits improved antibacterial immune responses and immunological memory
    • de Roux A, Schmoele-Thoma B, Siber GR, et al. Comparison of pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide and free polysaccharide vaccines in elderly adults: conjugate vaccine elicits improved antibacterial immune responses and immunological memory. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1015-1023
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1015-1023
    • de Roux, A.1    Schmoele-Thoma, B.2    Siber, G.R.3
  • 316
    • 0028048820 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community
    • Nichol KL, Margolis KL, Wuorenma J, Von Sternberg T. The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994;331:778-784
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 778-784
    • Nichol, K.L.1    Margolis, K.L.2    Wuorenma, J.3    Von Sternberg, T.4
  • 317
    • 0029128905 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons: A meta-analysis and review of the literature
    • Gross PA, Hermogenes AW, Sacks HS, Lau J, Levandowski RA. The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:518-527
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 518-527
    • Gross, P.A.1    Hermogenes, A.W.2    Sacks, H.S.3    Lau, J.4    Levandowski, R.A.5
  • 318
    • 1542711374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive preventive effect of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in elderly persons
    • Christenson B, Hedlund J, Lundbergh P, Ortqvist A. Additive preventive effect of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in elderly persons. Eur Respir J 2004;23:363-368
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 363-368
    • Christenson, B.1    Hedlund, J.2    Lundbergh, P.3    Ortqvist, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.