Diagnostic value of microscopic examination of gram-stained sputum and sputum cultures in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 165-169

  Musher, Daniel M ^a,b   Montoya, Roberto ^a   Wanahita, Anna ^a  

^a MICHAEL E DEBAKEY VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BLOOD CULTURE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DRUG EFFECT; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM STAINING; HUMAN; LOBAR PNEUMONIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPUTUM ANALYSIS; SPUTUM CULTURE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; GENTIAN VIOLET; HUMANS; PHENAZINES; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCOCCAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPUTUM; STAINING AND LABELING; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 3242758871     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/421497     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Fang GD, Fine M, Orloff J, et al. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy: a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990; 69:307-16.
2. Bartlett JG, Mundy LM. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1618-24.
3. Heffron R. Pneumonia, with special reference to pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938.
4. Bullowa JGM. The management of the pneumonias: for physicians and medical students. New York: Oxford University Press, 1937.
5. Roson B, Carratala J, Verdaguer R, Dorca J, Manresa F, Gudiol F. Prospective study of the usefulness of sputum Gram stain in the initial approach to community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:869-74.
6. Rathbun HK, Govani I. Mouse inoculation as a means of identifying pneumococci in the sputum. Johns Hopkins Med J 1967; 120:46-8.
7. Fiala M. A study of the combined role of viruses, mycoplasmas and bacteria in adult pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 1969; 257:44-51.
8. Barrett-Connor E. The nonvalue of sputum culture in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971; 103:845-8.
9. Tempest B, Morgan R, Davidson M, Eberle B, Oseasohn R. The value of respiratory tract bacteriology in pneumococcal pneumonia among Navajo Indians. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974; 109:577-8.
10. Davidson M, Tempest B, Palmer DL. Bacteriologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia: comparison of sputum, transtracheal aspirates, and lung aspirates. JAMA 1976; 235:158-63.
11. Drew WL. Value of sputum culture in diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 6:62-5.
12. Kalin M. Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: value of culture of nasopharyngeal specimens and examination of washed sputum specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1982; 1:394-6.
13. Guzzetta P, Toews GB, Robertson KJ, Pierce AK. Rapid diagnosis of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128:461-4.
14. Perlino CA. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1984; 150:139-44.
15. Gleckman R, DeVita J, Hibert D, Pelletier C, Martin R. Sputum gram stain assessment in community-acquired bacteremic pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:846-9.
16. Watanakunakorn C, Bailey TA. Adult bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in a community teaching hospital, 1992-1996: a detailed analysis of 108 cases. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:1965-71.
17. Torres JM, Cardenas O, Vasquez A, Schlossberg D. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in a community hospital. Chest 1998; 113:387-90.
18. Spencer RC, Philp JR. Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on bacteriological findings in patients with primary pneumonia. Lancet 1973; 2:349-50.
19. Kalin M, Lindberg AA, Tunevall G. Etiological diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia by gram stain and quantitative culture of expectorates: leukocytes or alveolar macrophages as indicators of sample representativity. Scand J Infect Dis 1983; 15:153-60.
20. Theerthakarai R, El-Halees W, Ismail M, Soils RA, Khan MA. Nonvalue of the initial microbiological studies in the management of nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2001; 119:181-4.
21. Lidman C, Burman LG, Lagergren A, Ortqvist A. Limited value of routine microbiological diagnostics in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 34:873-9.
22. Musher DM, Kubitschek KR, Crennan J, Baughn RE. Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99:444-50.
23. Wallace RJ Jr, Musher DM. In honor of Dr. Sarah Branham, a star is born: the realization of Branhamella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen. Chest 1986; 90:447-50.
24. Musher DM, Lamm N, Darouiche RO, Young EJ, Hamill RJ, Landon GC. The current spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital. Medicine (Baltimore) 1994; 73:186-208.
25. Chodosh S. Acute bacterial exacerbations in bronchitis and asthma. Am J Med 1987; 82:154-63.
26. Murray PR, Washington JA II. Microscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputum. Mayo Clin Proc 1975; 50:339-44.
27. Musher DM, Alexandraki I, Graviss EA, et al. Bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: a prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79:210-21.
28. Bartlett JG, Finegold SM. Bacteriology of expectorated sputum with quantitative culture and wash technique compared to transtracheal aspirates. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117:1019-27.
29. Musher DM. Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglass and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000: 2128-47.
30. Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Falguera M, Nogues A, Rubio-Caballero M. Is Streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? A microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 1999; 106:385-90.
31. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1730-54.
32. Meehan TP, Fine MJ, Krumholz HM, et al. Quality of care, process, and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia. JAMA 1997; 278:2080-4.
33. Battleman DS, Callahan M, Thaler HT. Rapid antibiotic delivery and appropriate antibiotic selection reduce length of hospital stay of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: link between quality of care and resource utilization. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:682-8.