Novel objective biomarkers of alcohol use: Potential diagnostic and treatment management tools in dual diagnosis care

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 57-82

  Kalapatapu, Raj K ^a   Chambers, R ^b  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol abuse; Alcohol biomarker; Alcohol dependence; Dual diagnosis; Objective measure

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOLISM; HUMAN; MENTAL PATIENT; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SELF REPORT;

EID: 61649089246     PISSN: 15504263     EISSN: 15504271     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15504260802628684     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Abbott Laboratories. (2006). Divalproex sodium delayed-release prescribing information. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www.rxabbott. com/pdf/depakote.pdf
2. Agelink, M. W., Ullrich, H., Lemmer, W., Dirkes-Kersting, A., & Zeit, T. (1999). Screening for concomitant alcohol abuse in schizophrenia: Clinical significance of the Munich Alcoholism Test and laboratory tests. European Addiction Research, 5(2), 82-87.
3. Allen, J. P., & Litten, R. Z. (2003). Recommendations on use of biomarkers in alcoholism treatment trials. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 1667-1670.
4. Allen, J. P., Litten, R. Z., Fertig, J. B., & Sillanaukee, P. (2001). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: An aid to early recognition of alcohol relapse. American Journal on Addictions, 10(supplement), 24-28.
5. Alling, C., Chick, J. D., Anton, R., Mayfield, R. D., Salaspuro, M., Helander, A., et al. (2005). Revealing alcohol abuse: To ask or to test? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 1257-1263.
6. Alvarez, J., Olson, B. D., Jason, L. A., Davis, M. I., & Ferrari, J. R. (2004). Heterogeneity among Latinas and Latinos entering substance abuse treatment: Findings from a national database. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26, 277-284.
7. Anton, R. F. (2001). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for detection and monitoring of sustained heavy drinking. What have we learned? Where do we go from here? Alcohol, 25, 185-188.
8. Anttila, P., Jarvi, K., Latvala, J., Romppanen, J., Punnonen, K., & Niemela, O. (2005). Biomarkers of alcohol consumption in patients classified according to the degree of liver disease severity. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 65, 141-151.
9. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. (2008). Seroquel prescribing information. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www1.astrazeneca-us.com/pi/ Seroquel.pdf
10. Atasoy, N., Erdogan, A., Yalug, I., Ozturk, U., Konuk, N., Atik, L., et al. (2007). A review of liver function tests during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs: A chart review study. Progress in Neuro- Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 31, 1255-1260.
11. Barillo, D. J., & Goode, R. (1996). Substance abuse in victims of fire. Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, 17, 71-76.
12. Barr Laboratories. (2008). Naltrexone prescribing information. Retrieved August 16, 2008, from http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo. cfm?id=4682
13. Bean, P. (2005). State of the art contemporary biomarkers of alcohol consumption. Medical Laboratory Observer, 37(11), 10-17.
14. Beck, O., & Helander, A. (2003). 5-Hydroxytryptophol as a marker for recent alcohol intake. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 63-72.
15. Behrens, U. J., Worner, T. M., Braly, L. F., Schaffner, F., & Lieber, C. S. (1988). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a marker for chronic alcohol consumption in different ethnic populations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 12, 427-432.
16. Bergstrom, J. P., & Helander, A. (2008). Clinical characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (% disialotransferrin) measured by HPLC: Sensitivity, specificity, gender effects, and relationship with other alcohol biomarkers. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 43, 436-441.
17. Bisaga, A., Laposata, M., Xie, S., & Evans, S. M. (2005). Comparison of serum fatty acid ethyl esters and urinary 5-hydroxytryptophol as biochemical markers of recent ethanol consumption. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 40, 214-218.
18. Borucki, K., Dierkes, J., Wartberg, J., Westphal, S., Genz, A., & Luley, C. (2007). In heavy drinkers, fatty acid ethyl esters remain elevated for up to 99 hours. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 423-427.
19. Brathen, G., Bjerve, K. S., Brodtkorb, E., Helde, G., & Bovim, G. (2001). Detection of alcohol abuse in neurological patients: Variables of clinical relevance to the accuracy of the % CDT-TIA and CDTect methods. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 46-53.
20. Chermack, S. T., & Blow, F. C. (2002). Violence among individuals in substance abuse treatment: The role of alcohol and cocaine consumption. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 29-37.
21. Conigrave, K. M., Davies, P., Haber, P., & Whitfield, J. B. (2003). Traditional markers of excessive alcohol use. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 31-43.
22. Cook, J. D. (2003). Biochemical markers of alcohol use in pregnant women. Clinical Biochemistry, 36, 9-19.
23. Das, S. K., Dhanya, L., & Vasudevan, D. M. (2008). Biomarkers of alcoholism: An updated review. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 68(2), 81-92.
24. de Beaurepaire, R., Lukasiewicz, M., Beauverie, P., Castera, S., Dagorne, O., Espaze, R., et al. (2007). Comparison of self-reports and biological measures for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs consumption in psychiatric inpatients. European Psychiatry, 22, 540-548.
25. Domino, K. B., Hornbein, T. F., Polissar, N. L., Renner, G., Johnson, J., Alberti, S., et al. (2005). Risk factors for relapse in health care professionals with substance use disorders. The Journal of the AmericanMedical Association, 293, 1453-1460.
26. Eli Lilly and Company. (2008). Strattera prescribing information. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://pi.lilly.com/us/strattera-pi.pdf
27. Elinav, E., Ben-Dov, I. Z., Ackerman, E., Kiderman, A., Glikberg, F., Shapira, Y., et al. (2005). Correlation between serum alanine aminotransferase activity and age: An inverted U curve pattern. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 100, 2201-2204.
28. Erdogan, A., Atasoy, N., Akkurt, H., Ozturk, D., Karaahmet, E., Yalug, I., et al. (2008). Risperidone and liver function tests in children and adolescents: A short-term prospective study. Progress in Neuro- Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 32, 849-857.
29. Erim, Y., Bottcher, M., Dahmen, U., Beck, O., Broelsch, C. E., & Helander, A. (2007). Urinary ethyl glucuronide testing detects alcohol consumption in alcoholic liver disease patients awaiting liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation, 13, 757-761.
30. Fleming, M. F., Anton, R. F., & Spies, C. D. (2004). A review of genetic, biological, pharmacological, and clinical factors that affect carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 1347-1355.
31. Goldstein, R. B., Dawson, D. A., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Compton, W. M., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Antisocial behavioral syndromes and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 814-828.
32. Gracon, S. I., Knapp, M. J., Berghoff, W. G., Pierce, M., DeJong, R., Lobbestael, S. J., et al. (1998). Safety of tacrine: Clinical trials, treatment IND, and postmarketing experience. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 12, 93-101.
33. Grando-Lemaire, V., Kazemi, F., & Trinchet, J. C. (2005). Predictive factors for progression to cirrhosis in chronic liver diseases. La Revue Du Praticien, 55, 1533-1538.
34. Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., Compton, W., et al. (2004). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood disorders and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 807-816.
35. Haber, H., Jahn, H., Ehrenreich, H., & Melzig, M. F. (2002). Assay of salsolinol in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alcoholics and healthy subjects by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Addiction Biology, 7, 403-407.
36. Halvorson, M. R., Noffsinger, J. K., & Peterson, C. M. (1993). Studies of whole blood-associated acetaldehyde levels in teetotalers. Alcohol, 10, 409-413.
37. Hannuksela, M. L., Liisanantti, M. K., Nissinen, A. E., & Savolainen, M. J. (2007). Biochemical markers of alcoholism. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 45, 953-961.
38. Harris, W. W., Lieberman, A. F., & Marans, S. (2007). In the best interests of society. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 392-411.
39. Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 830-842.
40. Hauser, E., Seidl, R., Freilinger, M., Male, C., & Herkner, K. (1996). Hematologic manifestations and impaired liver synthetic function during valproate monotherapy. Brain and Development, 18, 105-109.
41. Helander, A., & Dahl, H. (2005). Urinary tract infection: A risk factor for false-negative urinary ethyl glucuronide but not ethyl sulfate in the detection of recent alcohol consumption. Clinical Chemistry, 51, 1728-1730.
42. Helander, A., & Eriksson, C. J. (2002). Laboratory tests for acute alcohol consumption: Results of the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 1070-1077.
43. Helander, A., Olsson, I., & Dahl, H. (2007). Postcollection synthesis of ethyl glucuronide by bacteria in urine may cause false identification of alcohol consumption. Clinical Chemistry, 53, 1855-1857.
44. Helzer, J. E., Burnam, A., & McEvoy, L. T. (1991). Alcohol abuse and dependence. In L. N. Pokins & D. A. Regier (Eds.), Psychiatric disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: The Free Press.
45. Hock, B., Schwarz, M., Domke, I., Grunert, V. P., Wuertemberger, M., Schiemann, U., et al. (2005). Validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (% CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV) as biomarkers for chronic alcohol abuse: a study in patients with alcohol dependence and liver disorders of non-alcoholic and alcoholic origin. Addiction, 100, 1477-1486.
46. Hoiseth, G., Bernard, J. P., Karinen, R., Johnsen, L., Helander, A., Christophersen, A. S., et al. (2007). A pharmacokinetic study of ethyl glucuronide in blood and urine: Applications to forensic toxicology. Forensic Science International, 172, 119-124.
47. Hoiseth, G., Bernard, J. P., Stephanson, N., Normann, P. T., Christophersen, A. S., Morland, J., et al. (2008). Comparison between the urinary alcohol markers EtG, EtS, and GTOL/5-HIAA in a controlled drinking experiment. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 43, 187-191.
48. Hu, K. Q., Tiyyagura, L., Kanel, G., & Redeker, A. G. (2000). Acute hepatitis induced by bupropion. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 45, 1872-1873.
49. Hulse, G. K., Lautenschlager, N. T., Tait, R. J., & Almeida, O. P. (2005). Dementia associated with alcohol and other drug use. International Psychogeriatrics, 17, S109-S127.
50. Indiana University. (2007, July 6). Personal communication. Financial office-Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, IN.
51. Isaacs, D., Altman, D. G., & Valman, H. B. (1986). Racial differences in red cell indices. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 39, 105-109.
52. Jacobsen, L. K., Southwick, S. M., & Kosten, T. R. (2001). Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1184-1190.
53. Javors, M. A., & Johnson, B. A. (2003). Current status of carbohydrate deficient transferrin, total serum sialic acid, sialic acid index of apolipoprotein J and serum beta-hexosaminidase as markers for alcohol consumption. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 45-50.
54. Kaphalia, B. S., Cai, P., Khan, M. F., Okorodudu, A. O., & Ansari, G. A. (2004). Fatty acid ethyl esters: Markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Alcohol, 34, 151-158.
55. Kessler, R. C. (2004). The epidemiology of dual diagnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 56, 730-737.
56. Kessler, R. C., Nelsom, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Edlund, M. J., Frank, R. G., & Leaf, P. J. (1996). The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 17-31.
57. Kim, S. M., Kim, J. S., Kim, K. M., Pack, H. J., Lee, D. H., Kim, S. S., et al. (2007). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of heavy drinking in Korean males. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 22, 652-655.
58. Li, T. K. (2008). Quantifying the risk for alcohol-use and alcohol-attributable health disorders: Present findings and future research needs. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 23, S2-S8.
59. Lindberg, G., Iso, H., Rastam, L., Lundblad, A., & Folsom, A. R. (1997). Serum sialic acid and its correlates in community samples from Akita, Japan and Minneapolis, USA. International Journal of Epidemiology, 26, 58-63.
60. Meier, P., & Seitz, H. K. (2008). Age, alcohol metabolism and liver disease. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 11(1), 21-26.
61. Miller, P. M., Spies, C., Neumann, T., Javors, M. A., Hoyumpa, A. M., Roache, J., et al. (2006). Alcohol biomarker screening in medical and surgical settings. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 185-193.
62. Mitic, W., & Greschner, J. (2002). Alcohol's role in the deaths of BC children and youth. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 93, 173-175.
63. Mundt, M. P., Kraus, C. K., & Fleming, M. F. (2004). Potential drug interactions with the percent carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (% CDT) test, a new alcohol biomarker. Pharmacotherapy, 24, 831-837.
64. Nakamura, Y., Ishikawa, A., Sekiguchi, S., Kuroda, M., Imazeki, H., & Higuchi, S. (2003). Spirits and gastrectomy increase risk for chronic pancreatitis in Japanese male alcoholics. Pancreas, 26, e27-e31.
65. Neumann, T., & Spies, C. (2003). Use of biomarkers for alcohol use disorders in clinical practice. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 81-91.
66. Niemela, O. (2007). Biomarkers in alcoholism. Clinica Chimica Acta, 377(1-2), 39-49.
67. Peterson, K. (2004). Biomarkers for alcohol use and abuse: A summary. Alcohol Research & Health, 28(1), 30-37.
68. Phillips, B. B., Digmann, R. R., & Beck, M. G. (2006). Hepatitis associated with low-dose venlafaxine for postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 40, 323-327.
69. Pihl, R. O. (2007). Personality disorders, behavioral disinhibition, and addiction: A commentary. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 551-552.
70. Ponnio, M., Alho, H., Nikkari, S. T., Olsson, U., Rydberg, U., & Sillanaukee, P. (1999). Serum sialic acid in a random sample of the general population. Clinical Chemistry, 45, 1842-1849.
71. Ramchandani, V. A., Bosron, W. F., & Li, T. K. (2001). Research advances in ethanol metabolism. Pathologie-Biologie (Paris), 49, 676-682.
72. Regier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Keith, S. J., Judd, L. L., et al. (1990). Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264, 2511-2518.
73. Reuben, A. (2007). Alcohol and the liver. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 23, 283-291.
74. Roeloffs, C. A., Wells, K. B., Ziedonis, D., Tang, L., & Unutzer, J. (2002). Problem substance use among depressed patients in managed primary care. Psychosomatics, 43, 405-412.
75. Romppanen, J., Punnonen, K., Anttila, P., Jakobsson, T., Blake, J., & Niemela, O. (2002). Serum sialic acid as a marker of alcohol consumption: Effect of liver disease and heavy drinking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 1234-1238.
76. Rosman, A. S., & Lieber, C. S. (1994). Diagnostic utility of laboratory tests in alcoholic liver disease. Clinical Chemistry, 40, 1641-1651.
77. Sarkola, T., Iles, M. R., Kohlenberg-Mueller, K., & Eriksson, C. J. (2002). Ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, and lactate levels after alcohol intake in white men and women: Effect of 4-methylpyrazole. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 239-245.
78. Saxena, S., & Wong, E. T. (1990). Heterogeneity of common hematologic parameters among racial, ethnic, and gender subgroups. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 114, 715-719.
79. Schmidt, L. G., Schmidt, K., Dufeu, P., Ohse, A., Rommelspacher, H., & Muller, C. (1997). Superiority of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to gamma-glutamyltransferase in detecting relapse in alcoholism. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 75-80.
80. Schwan, R., Albuisson, E., Malet, L., Loiseaux, M. N., Reynaud, M., Schellenberg, F., et al. (2004). The use of biological laboratory markers in the diagnosis of alcohol misuse: An evidence-based approach. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74, 273-279.
81. Seitz, H. K., & Meier, P. (2007). The role of acetaldehyde in upper digestive tract cancer in alcoholics. Translational Research, 149, 293-297.
82. Sillanaukee, P., Ponnio, M., & Jaaskelainen, I. P. (1999). Occurrence of sialic acids in healthy humans and different disorders. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 29, 413-425.
83. Skipper, G. E., Weinmann, W., Thierauf, A., Schaefer, P., Wiesbeck, G., Allen, J. P., et al. (2004). Ethyl glucuronide: A biomarker to identify alcohol use by health professionals recovering from substance use disorders. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 39, 445-449.
84. Soderberg, B. L., Sicinska, E. T., Blodget, E., Cluette-Brown, J. E., Suter, P. M., Schuppisser, T., et al. (1999). Preanalytical variables affecting the quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters in plasma and serum samples. Clinical Chemistry, 45, 2183-2190.
85. Sokol, R. J., Delaney-Black, V., & Nordstrom, B. (2003). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 2996-2999.
86. Sommers, M. S., Savage, C., Wray, J., & Dyehouse, J. M. (2003). Laboratory measures of alcohol (ethanol) consumption: Strategies to assess drinking patterns with biochemical measures. Biological Research for Nursing, 4, 203-217.
87. Spies, C. D., Sander, M., Stangl, K., Fernandez-Sola, J., Preedy, V. R., Rubin, E., et al. (2001). Effects of alcohol on the heart. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 7, 337-343.
88. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). The role of biomarkers in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Rockville, MD. Author. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www.kap.samhsa.gov/products/ manuals/advisory/pdfs/0609biomarkers.pdf
89. Swift, R. (2003). Direct measurement of alcohol and its metabolites. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 73-80.
90. Torezan-Filho, M. A., Alves, V. A., Neto, C. A., Fernandes, H. S., & Strauss, E. (2004). Clinical significance of elevated alanine aminotransferase in blood donors: A follow-up study. Liver International, 24, 575-581.
91. VA Hospital. (2007, July 11). Personal Communication. Financial office-Veterans' Affairs Hospital, Indianapolis, IN.
92. Whitfield, J. B., Fletcher, L. M., Murphy, T. L., Powell, L. W., Halliday, J., Heath, A. C., et al. (1998). Smoking, obesity, and hypertension alter the dose-response curve and test sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol intake. Clinical Chemistry, 44, 2480-2489.
93. Wickramasinghe, S. N., Corridan, B., Izaguirre, J., Hasan, R., & Marjot, D. H. (1995). Ethnic differences in the biological consequences of alcohol abuse: A comparison between south Asian and European males. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 30, 675-680.
94. Wilcox, H. C., Conner, K. R., & Caine, E. D. (2004). Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and completed suicide: An empirical review of cohort studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76, S11-S19.
95. Wishard Hospital. (2007, July 10). Personal Communication. Financial office-Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN.
96. Wurst, F. M., Alexson, S., Wolfersdorf, M., Bechtel, G., Forster, S., Alling, C., et al. (2004). Concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair of alcoholics: Comparison to other biological state markers and self reported-ethanol intake. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 39, 33-38.
97. Wurst, F. M., Alling, C., Aradottir, S., Pragst, F., Allen, J. P., Weinmann, W., et al. (2005). Emerging biomarkers: new directions and clinical applications. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 465-473.
98. Wurst, F. M., Kelso, E., Weinmann, W., Pragst, F., Yegles, M., & Sundstrom Poromaa, I. (2008). Measurement of direct ethanol metabolites suggests higher rate of alcohol use among pregnant women than found with the AUDIT-a pilot study in a population-based sample of Swedish women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198, 407-405.
99. Wurst, F. M., Skipper, G. E., & Weinmann, W. (2003). Ethyl glucuronide-the direct ethanol metabolite on the threshold from science to routine use. Addiction, 98(supplement 2), 51-61.
100. Wurst, F. M., Wiesbeck, G. A., Metzger, J. W., & Weinmann, W. (2004). On sensitivity, specificity, and the influence of various parameters on ethyl glucuronide levels in urine-results from the WHO/ISBRA study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 1220-1228.
101. Zambelis, T., Karandreas, N., Tzavellas, E., Kokotis, P., & Liappas, J. (2005). Large and small fiber neuropathy in chronic alcohol-dependent subjects. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 10, 375-381.
102. Zorzano, A., Ruiz del Arbol, L., & Herrera, E. (1989). Effect of liver disorders on ethanol elimination and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in liver and erythrocytes. Clinical Science (London), 76, 51-57.