Evolving CT Applications in Ischemic Heart Disease

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 380.e1-380.e14

  Bastarrika, Gorka ^a   Schoepf, U Joseph ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

angiography; computed tomography; ischemic heart disease

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CONTRAST MEDIUM;

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE PERFUSION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; IMAGE QUALITY; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THORAX PAIN;

EID: 60849097877     PISSN: 10430679     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2008.11.012     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Rosamond W., Flegal K., Furie K., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 117 (2008) e25-e146
2. Schoepf U.J., Becker C.R., Ohnesorge B.M., et al. CT of coronary artery disease. Radiology 232 (2004) 18-37
3. Boyd D.P., and Lipton M.J. Cardiac computed tomography. Proc IEEE 71 (1983) 298-307
4. Lipton M.J., Higgins C.B., Farmer D., et al. Cardiac imaging with a high-speed Cine-CT scanner: preliminary results. Radiology 152 (1984) 579-582
5. Stolzmann P., Leschka S., Scheffel H., et al. Dual-source CT in step-and-shoot mode: noninvasive coronary angiography with low radiation dose. Radiology 249 (2008) 71-80
6. Scheffel H., Alkadhi H., Leschka S., et al. Low-dose CT coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot mode: diagnostic performance. Heart 94 (2008) 1132-1137
7. Earls J.P., Berman E.L., Urban B.A., et al. Prospectively gated transverse coronary CT angiography versus retrospectively gated helical technique: improved image quality and reduced radiation dose. Radiology 246 (2008) 742-753
8. Ohnesorge B., Flohr T., Becker C., et al. Cardiac imaging by means of electrocardiographically gated multisection spiral CT: initial experience. Radiology 217 (2000) 564-571
9. Hirai N., Horiguchi J., Fujioka C., et al. Prospective versus retrospective ECG-gated 64-detector coronary CT angiography: assessment of image quality, stenosis, and radiation dose. Radiology 248 (2008) 424-430
10. Hurwitz L.M., Reiman R.E., Yoshizumi T.T., et al. Radiation dose from contemporary cardiothoracic multidetector CT protocols with an anthropomorphic female phantom: implications for cancer induction. Radiology 245 (2007) 742-750
11. Mori S., Nishizawa K., Kondo C., et al. Effective doses in subjects undergoing computed tomography cardiac imaging with the 256-multislice CT scanner. Eur J Radiol 65 (2008) 442-448
12. Jakobs T.F., Becker C.R., Ohnesorge B., et al. Multislice helical CT of the heart with retrospective ECG gating: reduction of radiation exposure by ECG-controlled tube current modulation. Eur Radiol 12 (2002) 1081-1086
13. Abada H.T., Larchez C., Daoud B., et al. MDCT of the coronary arteries: feasibility of low-dose CT with ECG-pulsed tube current modulation to reduce radiation dose. AJR Am J Roentgenol 186 6 suppl 2 (2006) S387-S390
14. Leschka S., Stolzmann P., Schmid F.T., et al. Low kilovoltage cardiac dual-source CT: attenuation, noise, and radiation dose. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 1809-1817
15. Hamon M., Morello R., and Riddell J.W. Coronary arteries: diagnostic performance of 16- versus 64-section spiral CT compared with invasive coronary angiography-meta-analysis. Radiology 245 (2007) 720-731
16. Flohr T., Stierstorfer K., Raupach R., et al. Performance evaluation of a 64-slice CT system with z-flying focal spot. Rofo 176 (2004) 1803-1810
17. Mori S., Kondo C., Suzuki N., et al. Volumetric coronary angiography using the 256-detector row computed tomography scanner: comparison in vivo and in vitro with porcine models. Acta Radiol 47 (2006) 186-191
18. Kido T., Kurata A., Higashino H., et al. Cardiac imaging using 256-detector row four-dimensional CT: preliminary clinical report. Radiat Med 25 (2007) 38-44
19. Mori S., Kondo C., Suzuki N., et al. Volumetric cine imaging for cardiovascular circulation using prototype 256-detector row computed tomography scanner (4-dimensional computed tomography): a preliminary study with a porcine model. J Comput Assist Tomogr 29 (2005) 26-30
20. Rybicki F.J., Otero H.J., Steigner M.L., et al. Initial evaluation of coronary images from 320-detector row computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 24 (2008) 535-546
21. Dewey M., Zimmermann E., Laule M., et al. Three-vessel coronary artery disease examined with 320-slice computed tomography coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 29 (2008) 1669
22. George R.T., Jerosch-Herold M., Silva C., et al. Quantification of myocardial perfusion using dynamic 64-detector computed tomography. Invest Radiol 42 (2007) 815-822
23. Flohr T.G., McCollough C.H., Bruder H., et al. First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system. Eur Radiol 16 (2006) 256-268
24. Johnson T.R., Nikolaou K., Wintersperger B.J., et al. Dual-source CT cardiac imaging: initial experience. Eur Radiol 16 (2006) 1409-1415
25. Achenbach S., Ropers D., Kuettner A., et al. Contrast-enhanced coronary artery visualization by dual-source computed tomography-initial experience. Eur J Radiol 57 (2006) 331-335
26. Rixe J., Rolf A., Conradi G., et al. Image quality on dual-source computed-tomographic coronary angiography. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 1857-1862
27. Weustink A.C., Mollet N.R., Pugliese F., et al. Optimal electrocardiographic pulsing windows and heart rate: effect on image quality and radiation exposure at dual-source coronary CT angiography. Radiology 248 (2008) 792-798
28. Johnson T.R., Krauss B., Sedlmair M., et al. Material differentiation by dual energy CT: initial experience. Eur Radiol 17 (2007) 1510-1517
29. Ruzsics B., Lee H., Powers E.R., et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Myocardial ischemia diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography: correlation with single-photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 117 (2008) 1244-1245
30. Ruzsics B., Lee H., Zwerner P.L., et al. Dual-energy CT of the heart for diagnosing coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia-initial experience. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 2414-2424
31. Hendel R.C., Patel M.R., Kramer C.M., et al. ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group. American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 1475-1497
32. Schroeder S., Achenbach S., Bengel F., et al. Cardiac computed tomography: indications, applications, limitations, and training requirements: report of a Writing Group deployed by the Working Group Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Council of Nuclear Cardiology. Eur Heart J 29 (2008) 531-556
33. Gerber T.C., Kuzo R.S., and Safford R.E. Computed tomographic imaging of anomalous coronary arteries. Circulation 106 (2002) e67 author reply e67
34. Ehara M., Surmely J.F., Kawai M., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography for detecting angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis in an unselected consecutive patient population: comparison with conventional invasive angiography. Circ J 70 (2006) 564-571
35. Fine J.J., Hopkins C.B., Ruff N., et al. Comparison of accuracy of 64-slice cardiovascular computed tomography with coronary angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 173-174
36. Leschka S., Alkadhi H., Plass A., et al. Accuracy of MSCT coronary angiography with 64-slice technology: first experience. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 1482-1487
37. Mollet N.R., Cademartiri F., van Mieghem C.A., et al. High-resolution spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients referred for diagnostic conventional coronary angiography. Circulation 112 (2005) 2318-2323
38. Oncel D., Oncel G., Tastan A., et al. Detection of significant coronary artery stenosis with 64-section MDCT angiography. Eur J Radiol 62 (2007) 394-405
39. Ong T.K., Chin S.P., Liew C.K., et al. Accuracy of 64-row multidetector computed tomography in detecting coronary artery disease in 134 symptomatic patients: influence of calcification. Am Heart J 151 (2006) 1323.e1-1323.e6
40. Raff G.L., Gallagher M.J., O'Neill W.W., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography using 64-slice spiral computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 552-557
41. Ropers D., Rixe J., Anders K., et al. Usefulness of multidetector row spiral computed tomography with 64- × 0.6-mm collimation and 330-ms rotation for the noninvasive detection of significant coronary artery stenoses. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 343-348
42. Brodoefel H., Burgstahler C., Tsiflikas I., et al. Dual-source CT: effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification on image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Radiology 247 (2008) 346-355
43. Johnson T.R., Nikolaou K., Busch S., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Invest Radiol 42 (2007) 684-691
44. Leber A.W., Johnson T., Becker A., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source multi-slice CT-coronary angiography in patients with an intermediate pretest likelihood for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 28 (2007) 2354-2360
45. Ropers U., Ropers D., Pflederer T., et al. Influence of heart rate on the diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 2393-2398
46. Weustink A.C., Meijboom W.B., et al. Reliable high-speed coronary computed tomography in symptomatic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 786-794
47. Cury R.C., Ferencik M., Achenbach S., et al. Accuracy of 16-slice multi-detector CT to quantify the degree of coronary artery stenosis: assessment of cross-sectional and longitudinal vessel reconstructions. Eur J Radiol 57 (2006) 345-350
48. Hoffmann U., Moselewski F., Cury R.C., et al. Predictive value of 16-slice multidetector spiral computed tomography to detect significant obstructive coronary artery disease in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease: patient-versus segment-based analysis. Circulation 110 (2004) 2638-2643
49. Gilard M., Cornily J.C., Pennec P.Y., et al. Accuracy of multislice computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of coronary disease in patients with aortic valve stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 2020-2024
50. Meijboom W.B., Mollet N.R., Van Mieghem C.A., et al. Pre-operative computed tomography coronary angiography to detect significant coronary artery disease in patients referred for cardiac valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 1658-1665
51. Gallagher M.J., Ross M.A., Raff G.L., et al. The diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography compared with stress nuclear imaging in emergency department low-risk chest pain patients. Ann Emerg Med 49 (2007) 125-136
52. Hoffmann U., Nagurney J.T., Moselewski F., et al. Coronary multidetector computed tomography in the assessment of patients with acute chest pain. Circulation 114 (2006) 2251-2260
53. Eagle K.A., Berger P.B., Calkins H., et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery-executive summary a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Circulation 105 (2002) 1257-1267
54. Min J.K., Shaw L.J., Devereux R.B., et al. Prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 1161-1170
55. Pundziute G., Schuijf J.D., Jukema J.W., et al. Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 62-70
56. Lesser J.R., Flygenring B., Knickelbine T., et al. Clinical utility of coronary CT angiography: coronary stenosis detection and prognosis in ambulatory patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Intervent 69 (2007) 64-72
57. Gilard M., Le Gal G., Cornily J.C., et al. Midterm prognosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease and normal multislice computed tomographic findings: a prospective management outcome study. Arch Intern Med 167 (2007) 1686-1689
58. Dewey M., and Hamm B.: C.e.o.c.a.a.c.s.u.C.T.a.s.M.R.I.f.d.o.c.a.d. Eur Radiol 17 (2007) 1301-1309
59. Mowatt G., Cummins E., Waugh N., et al. Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 64-slice or higher computed tomography angiography as an alternative to invasive coronary angiography in the investigation of coronary artery disease. Health Technol Assess 12 (2008) iii-iv, ix-143
60. Feuchtner G.M., Schachner T., Bonatti J., et al. Diagnostic performance of 64-slice computed tomography in evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189 (2007) 574-580
61. Jabara R., Chronos N., Klein L., et al. Comparison of multidetector 64-slice computed tomographic angiography to coronary angiography to assess the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. Am J Cardiol 99 (2007) 1529-1534
62. Malagutti P., Nieman K., Meijboom W.B., et al. Use of 64-slice CT in symptomatic patients after coronary bypass surgery: evaluation of grafts and coronary arteries. Eur Heart J 28 (2007) 1879-1885
63. Meyer T.S., Martinoff S., Hadamitzky M., et al. Improved noninvasive assessment of coronary artery bypass grafts with 64-slice computed tomographic angiography in an unselected patient population. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 946-950
64. Onuma Y., Tanabe K., Chihara R., et al. Evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts and native coronary arteries using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography. Am Heart J 154 (2007) 519-526
65. Pache G., Saueressig U., Frydrychowicz A., et al. Initial experience with 64-slice cardiac CT: non-invasive visualization of coronary artery bypass grafts. Eur Heart J 27 (2006) 976-980
66. Salm L.P., Bax J.J., Jukema J.W., et al. Comprehensive assessment of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting by 16-detector-row computed tomography. Am Heart J 150 (2005) 775-781
67. Gulbins H., Reichenspurner H., Becker C., et al. Preoperative 3D-reconstructions of ultrafast-CT images for the planning of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass operation (MIDCAB). Heart Surg Forum 1 (1998) 111-115
68. Yamaguchi A., Adachi H., Ino T., and Kobayashi Y. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography as preoperative evaluation of a patent internal thoracic artery graft. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 120 (2000) 811-812
69. Maintz D., Seifarth H., Raupach R., et al. 64-slice multidetector coronary CT angiography: in vitro evaluation of 68 different stents. Eur Radiol 16 (2006) 818-826
70. Hamon M., Champ-Rigot L., Morello R., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of in-stent coronary restenosis detection with multislice spiral computed tomography: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 217-225
71. Cademartiri F., Schuijf J.D., Pugliese F., et al. Usefulness of 64-slice multislice computed tomography coronary angiography to assess in-stent restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 2204-2210
72. Carrabba N., Bamoshmoosh M., Carusi L.M., et al. Usefulness of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography for detecting drug eluting in-stent restenosis. Am J Cardiol 100 (2007) 1754-1758
73. Ehara M., Kawai M., Surmely J.F., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of coronary in-stent restenosis using 64-slice computed tomography: comparison with invasive coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 951-959
74. Manghat N., Van Lingen R., Hewson P., et al. Usefulness of 64-detector row computed tomography for evaluation of intracoronary stents in symptomatic patients with suspected in-stent restenosis. Am J Cardiol 101 (2008) 1567-1573
75. Oncel D., Oncel G., and Karaca M. Coronary stent patency and in-stent restenosis: determination with 64-section multidetector CT coronary angiography-initial experience. Radiology 242 (2007) 403-409
76. Rist C., von Ziegler F., Nikolaou K., et al. Assessment of coronary artery stent patency and restenosis using 64-slice computed tomography. Acad Radiol 13 (2006) 1465-1473
77. Rixe J., Achenbach S., Ropers D., et al. Assessment of coronary artery stent restenosis by 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography. Eur Heart J 27 (2006) 2567-2572
78. Oncel D., Oncel G., Tastan A., et al. Evaluation of coronary stent patency and in-stent restenosis with dual-source CT coronary angiography without heart rate control. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191 (2008) 56-63
79. Pugliese F., Weustink A.C., Van Mieghem C., et al. Dual source coronary computed tomography angiography for detecting in-stent restenosis. Heart 94 (2008) 848-854
80. Agatston A.S., Janowitz W.R., Hildner F.J., et al. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15 (1990) 827-832
81. Budoff M.J., Achenbach S., Blumenthal R.S., et al. Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation 114 (2006) 1761-1791
82. O'Rourke R.A., Brundage B.H., Froelicher V.F., et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation 102 (2000) 126-140
83. Arad Y., Goodman K.J., Roth M., et al. Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors. C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events: the St. Francis Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 158-165
84. Arad Y., Spadaro L.A., Goodman K., et al. Prediction of coronary events with electron beam computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (2000) 1253-1260
85. Detrano R., Hsiai T., Wang S., et al. Prognostic value of coronary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 285-290
86. Georgiou D., Budoff M.J., Kaufer E., et al. Screening patients with chest pain in the emergency department using electron beam tomography: a follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001) 105-110
87. Kennedy J., Shavelle R., Wang S., et al. Coronary calcium and standard risk factors in symptomatic patients referred for coronary angiography. Am Heart J 135 (1998) 696-702
88. Kondos G.T., Hoff J.A., Sevrukov A., et al. Electron-beam tomography coronary artery calcium and cardiac events: a 37-month follow-up of 5635 initially asymptomatic low- to intermediate-risk adults. Circulation 107 (2003) 2571-2576
89. Raggi P., Callister T.Q., Cooil B., et al. Identification of patients at increased risk of first unheralded acute myocardial infarction by electron-beam computed tomography. Circulation 101 (2000) 850-855
90. Shaw L.J., Raggi P., Schisterman E., Berman D.S., and Callister T.Q. Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all-cause mortality. Radiology 228 (2003) 826-833
91. Greenland P., Bonow R.O., Brundage B.H., et al. ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation 115 (2007) 402-426
92. Becker C.R., Nikolaou K., et al. Ex vivo coronary atherosclerotic plaque characterization with multi-detector-row CT. Eur Radiol 13 (2003) 2094-2098
93. Achenbach S., Moselewski F., Ropers D., et al. Detection of calcified and noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque by contrast-enhanced, submillimeter multidetector spiral computed tomography: a segment-based comparison with intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 109 (2004) 14-17
94. Achenbach S., Ropers D., Hoffmann U., et al. Assessment of coronary remodeling in stenotic and nonstenotic coronary atherosclerotic lesions by multidetector spiral computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004) 842-847
95. Leber A.W., Becker A., Knez A., et al. Accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography to classify and quantify plaque volumes in the proximal coronary system: a comparative study using intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 672-677
96. Burke A.P., Farb A., Malcom G.T., et al. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1276-1282
97. Hoffmann U., Moselewski F., Nieman K., et al. Noninvasive assessment of plaque morphology and composition in culprit and stable lesions in acute coronary syndrome and stable lesions in stable angina by multidetector computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 1655-1662
98. Libby P. Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 91 (1995) 2844-2850
99. Bastarrika G., Arraiza M., De Cecco C.N., et al. Quantification of left ventricular function and mass in heart transplant recipients using dual-source CT and MRI: initial clinical experience. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 1784-1790
100. Busch S., Johnson T.R., Wintersperger B.J., et al. Quantitative assessment of left ventricular function with dual-source CT in comparison to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: initial findings. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 570-575
101. van der Vleuten P.A., de Jonge G.J., Lubbers D.D., et al. Evaluation of global left ventricular function assessment by dual-source computed tomography compared with MRI. Eur Radiol (2008) Aug 15 (Epub ahead of print)
102. Dirksen M.S., Bax J.J., de Roos A., et al. Usefulness of dynamic multislice computed tomography of left ventricular function in unstable angina pectoris and comparison with echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 90 (2002) 1157-1160
103. Dirksen M.S., Jukema J.W., Bax J.J., et al. Cardiac multidetector-row computed tomography in patients with unstable angina. Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 457-461
104. Fischbach R., Juergens K.U., Ozgun M., et al. Assessment of regional left ventricular function with multidetector-row computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 17 (2007) 1009-1017
105. Mahnken A.H., Koos R., Katoh M., et al. Sixteen-slice spiral CT versus MR imaging for the assessment of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 15 (2005) 714-720
106. Cury R.C., Nieman K., Shapiro M.D., et al. Comprehensive assessment of myocardial perfusion defects, regional wall motion, and left ventricular function by using 64-section multidetector CT. Radiology 248 (2008) 466-475
107. Henneman M.M., Schuijf J.D., Jukema J.W., et al. Assessment of global and regional left ventricular function and volumes with 64-slice MSCT: a comparison with 2D echocardiography. J Nucl Cardiol 13 (2006) 480-487
108. Pflederer T., Ho K.T., Anger T., et al. Assessment of regional left ventricular function by Dual Source Computed Tomography: interobserver variability and validation to laevocardiography. Eur J Radiol (2008) Jul 9 (Epub ahead of print)
109. Wu Y.W., Tadamura E., Yamamuro M., Kanao S., et al. Estimation of global and regional cardiac function using 64-slice computed tomography: a comparison study with echocardiography, gated-SPECT and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Int J Cardiol 128 (2008) 69-76
110. Gaemperli O., Schepis T., Koepfli P., et al. Accuracy of 64-slice CT angiography for the detection of functionally relevant coronary stenoses as assessed with myocardial perfusion SPECT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 (2007) 1162-1171
111. Nieman K., Cury R.C., Ferencik M., et al. Differentiation of recent and chronic myocardial infarction by cardiac computed tomography. Am J Cardiol 98 (2006) 303-308
112. Nikolaou K., Sanz J., Poon M., et al. Assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability from routine contrast-enhanced 16-detector-row computed tomography of the heart: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 15 (2005) 864-871
113. Mahnken A.H., Koos R., Katoh M., et al. Assessment of myocardial viability in reperfused acute myocardial infarction using 16-slice computed tomography in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 45 (2005) 2042-2047
114. Nieman K., Shapiro M.D., Ferencik M., et al. Reperfused myocardial infarction: contrast-enhanced 64-section CT in comparison to MR imaging. Radiology 247 (2008) 49-56
115. Sanz J., Weeks D., Nikolaou K., et al. Detection of healed myocardial infarction with multidetector-row computed tomography and comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance delayed hyperenhancement. Am J Cardiol 98 (2006) 149-155
116. Adams G.L., Trimble M.A., Brosnan R.B., et al. Evaluation of combined cardiac positron emission tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. Nucl Med Commun 29 (2008) 593-598
117. Gaemperli O., Schepis T., Valenta I., et al. Functionally relevant coronary artery disease: comparison of 64-section CT angiography with myocardial perfusion SPECT. Radiology 248 (2008) 414-423
118. Sampson U.K., Dorbala S., Limaye A., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion imaging with hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 1052-1058
119. Chiro G.D., Brooks R.A., Kessler R.M., et al. Tissue signatures with dual-energy computed tomography. Radiology 131 (1979) 521-523
120. Millner M.R., McDavid W.D., Waggener R.G., et al. Extraction of information from CT scans at different energies. Med Phys 6 (1979) 70-71
121. George R.T., Silva C., Cordeiro M.A., et al. Multidetector computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging during adenosine stress. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 153-160