Education attenuates the association between dietary patterns and cognition

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 147-154

  Akbaraly, Tasnime N ^a   Singh Manoux, Archana ^a,b   Marmot, Michael G ^a   Brunner, Eric J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University   (France)

Author keywords

Cognitive functions; Education; Nutrition; Population based study

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; EATING HABIT; EDUCATION; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; COGNITION DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; DIET; EDUCATION; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; GREAT BRITAIN; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; VEGETABLES;

EID: 58949095226     PISSN: 14208008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000199235     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. World Health Organization: Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. Madrid, World Health Organization, 2002.
2. Luchsinger JA, Mayeux R: Dietary factors and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:579-587.
3. Van Dyk K, Sano M: The impact of nutrition on cognition in the elderly. Neurochem Res 2007;32:893-904.
4. Scarmeas N, Stern Y, Tang MX, et al: Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2006;59:912-921.
5. Berr C, Akbaraly TN, Nourashemi F, et al: Epidemiology of dementia. Presse Med 2007;36:1431-1441.
6. Parmenter K, Waller J, Wardle J: Demographic variation in nutrition knowledge in England. Health Educ Res 2000;15:163-174.
7. Wardle J, Parmenter K, Waller J: Nutrition knowledge and food intake. Appetite 2000;34:269-275.
8. Ngandu T, von Strauss E, Helkala EL, et al: Education and dementia: what lies behind the association? Neurology 2007;69:1442-1450.
9. Roe CM, Xiong C, Miller JP, et al: Education and Alzheimer disease without dementia: support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neurology 2007;68:223-228.
10. Scarmeas N, Albert SM, Manly JJ, et al: Education and rates of cognitive decline in incident Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:308-316.
11. Stern Y, Gurland B, Tatemichi TK, et al: Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Jama 1994;271:1004-1010.
12. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, et al: Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991;337:1387-1393.
13. Brunner E, Stallone D, Juneja M, et al: Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: comparison of 7 d diet diary and food-frequency questionnaire and validity against biomarkers. Br J Nutr 2001;86:405-414.
14. Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, et al: Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:51-65.
15. Bingham SA, Gill C, Welch A, et al: Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26(suppl 1):S137-S151.
16. Singh-Manoux A, Marmot M: High blood pressure was associated with cognitive function in middle-age in the Whitehall II study. J Clin Epidemiol 2005;58:1308-1315.
17. Heim AW: AH 4 group test of general intelligence ASE. Windsor, NFER-Nelson, 1970.
18. Raven J: Guide to Using the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale with Progressive Matrices. London, HK Lewis, 1965.
19. Borkowski J, Benton A, Spreen O: Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologica 1967;5:135-140.
20. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al: Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:71-80.
21. Singh-Manoux A, Britton A, Kivimaki M, et al: Socioeconomic status moderates the association between carotid intima-media thickness and cognition in midlife: Evidence from the Whitehall II study. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:541-548.
22. Goldberg D: The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire. London, Oxford University Press, 1972.
23. Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al: Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:912-921.
24. van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, et al: Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in US men. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:201-209.
25. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, et al: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2599-2608.
26. Kang JH, Ascherio A, Grodstein F: Fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive decline in aging women. Ann Neurol 2005;57:713-720.
27. Morris MC, Evans DA, Tangney CC, et al: Associations of vegetable and fruit consumption with age-related cognitive change. Neurology 2006;67:1370-1376.
28. Akbaraly T: Etude des facteurs biologiques nutritionnels dans le vieillissement cerebral. Kremlin-Bicêtre, Facultéde Médecine du Kremlin-Bicêtre, 2006.
29. Barberger-Gateau P, Letenneur L, Deschamps V, et al: Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: cohort study. Bmj 2002;325:932-933.
30. Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott A, et al: Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam Study. Ann Neurol 1997;42:776-782.
31. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al: Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2003;60:940-946.
32. Morris MC, Evans DA, Tangney CC, et al: Fish consumption and cognitive decline with age in a large community study. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1849-1853.
33. van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, et al: Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1142-1147.
34. Kalmijn S, van Boxtel MP, Ocke M, et al: Dietary intake of fatty acids and fish in relation to cognitive performance at middle age. Neurology 2004;62:275-280.
35. Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, et al: The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in restoring the aging neuronal membrane. Neurobiol Aging 2002;23:843-853.
36. Hu FB: Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002;13:3-9.
37. Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Fung TT, et al: Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1029-1035.
38. Campbell IL, Stalder AK, Chiang CS, et al: Transgenic models to assess the pathogenic actions of cytokines in the central nervous system. Mol Psychiatry 1997;2:125-129.
39. Ho GJ, Drego R, Hakimian E, et al: Mechanisms of cell signaling and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2005;4:247-256.
40. Eikelenboom P, Veerhuis R: The importance of inflammatory mechanisms for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 1999;34:453-461.
41. Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Curb JD, et al: Early inflammation and dementia: a 25-year follow-up of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Ann Neurol 2002;52:168-174.
42. Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Meijer J, et al: Inflammatory proteins in plasma and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study. Arch Neurol 2004;61:668-672.
43. Schram MT, Euser SM, de Craen AJ, et al: Systemic markers of inflammation and cognitive decline in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:708-716.
44. Davey Smith G, Brunner E: Socioeconomic differentials in health: the role of nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 1997;56:75-90.
45. Dowler E: Budgeting for food on a low income in the UK: the case of lone-parent families. Food Policy 1997;22:405-417.
46. James WP, Nelson M, Ralph A, et al: Socioeconomic determinants of health. The contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. BMJ 1997;314:1545-1549.
47. Stallone DD, Brunner EJ, Bingham SA, et al: Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:815-825.
48. Katzman R: Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:13-20.
49. Stern Y: What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2002;8:448-460.
50. Marmot M, Brunner E: Cohort Profile: the Whitehall II study. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:251-256.
51. Martinez ME, Marshall JR, Sechrest L: Invited commentary: Factor analysis and the search for objectivity. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:17-19.