Exposure to death is associated with positive attitudes and higher knowledge about end-of-life care in graduating medical students

Journal of Palliative Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1227-1233

  Anderson, Wendy G ^a   Williams, Jillian E ^b   Bost, James E ^c   Barnard, David ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; GRADUATE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MEDICAL STUDENT; PATIENT CARE;

ADULT; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; FEMALE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; MALE; PENNSYLVANIA; QUESTIONNAIRES; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; TERMINAL CARE;

EID: 56749175506     PISSN: 10966218     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2008.0058     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. National Cancer Policy Board: Ensuring Quality Cancer Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999.
2. Institute of Medicine: Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
3. Liason Committee on Medical Education: Functions and Structure of a Medical School: Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs Leading to the M.D. Degree. June 2007. www.lcme.org (Last accessed February 2008).
4. Schonwetter RS, Robinson BE: Educational objectives for medical training in the care of the terminally ill. Acad Med 1994;69:688-690.
5. Block SD, Bernier GM, Crawley LM, Farber S, Kuhl D, Nelson W, O'Donnell J, Sandy L, Ury W: Incorporating palliative care into primary care education. National Consensus Conference on Medical Education for Care Near the End of Life. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13:768-773.
6. Barnard D, Quill T, Hafferty FW, Arnold R, Plumb J, Bulger R, Field M: Preparing the ground: Contributions of the preclinical years to medical education for care near the end of life. Working Group on the Pre-clinical Years of the National Consensus Conference on Medical Education for Care Near the End of Life. Acad Med 1999;74:499-505.
7. Weissman DE, Block SD, Blank L, Cain J, Cassem N, Danoff D, Foley K, Meier D, Schyve P, Theige D, Wheeler HB: Recommendations for incorporating palliative care education into the acute care hospital setting. Acad Med 1999;74:871-877.
8. Hayes RP, Stoudemire AS, Kinlaw K, Dell ML, Loomis A: Changing attitudes about end-of-life decision making of medical students during third-year clinical clerkships. Psychosomatics 1999;40:205-211.
9. Nelson W, Angoff N, Binder E, Cooke M, Fleetwood J, Goodlin S, Goodman K, Kaplan KO, McCormick T, Meyer ML, Sheehan M, Townsend T, Williams P, Winslade W: Goals and strategies for teaching death and dying in medical schools. J Palliat Med 2000;3:7-16.
10. National Consensus Conference on Medical Education for Care Near the End of Life. Executive summary. J Palliat Med 2000;3:88-92.
11. Meekin SA, Klein JE, Fleischman AR, Fins JJ: Development of a palliative education assessment tool for medical student education. Acad Med 2000;75:986-992.
12. Wood EB, Meekin SA, Fins JJ, Fleischman AR: Enhancing palliative care education in medical school curricula: Implementation of the palliative education assessment tool. Acad Med 2002;77:285-291.
13. Martin RW, 3rd, Wylie N: Teaching third-year medical students how to care for terminally ill patients. Acad Med 1989;64:413-414.
14. Mermann AC, Gunn DB, Dickinson GE: Learning to care for the dying: A survey of medical schools and a model course. Acad Med 1991;66:35-38.
15. Weissman DE, Griffie J: Integration of palliative medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin 1990-1996. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998;15:195-207.
16. Ross DD, Keay T, Timmel D, Alexander C, Dignon C, O'Mara A, O'Brien W 3rd: Required training in hospice and palliative care at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. J Cancer Educ 1999;14:132-136.
17. Clay M, Jonassen J, Nemitz A: A one-day interclerkship on end-of-life care. Acad Med 2001;76:517-518.
18. Binienda J, Schwartz K, Gaspar D: Training in end-of-life care through interaction with dying patients. Acad Med 2001;76:517.
19. Ross DD, Fraser HC, Kutner JS: Institutionalization of a palliative and end-of-life care educational program in a medical school curriculum. J Palliat Med 2001;4:512-518.
20. Jackson WC, Cunningham P: "Mercy" - Narrative, role-play, and attitudes concerning antemortem care. Fam Med 2002;34:572-573.
21. Leslie B, Adams L, Kutner JS: Integrating an end-of-life curriculum into the internal medicine clerkship. J Palliat Med 2002;5:752-753.
22. Fins JJ, Gentilesco BJ, Carver A, Lister P, Acres CA, Payne R, Storey-Johnson C: Reflective practice and palliative care education: A clerkship responds to the informal and hidden curricula. Acad Med 2003;78:307-312.
23. Quill TE, Dannefer E, Markakis K, Epstein R, Greenlaw J, McGrail K, Milella M: An integrated biopsychosocial approach to palliative care training of medical students. J Palliat Med 2003;6:365-380.
24. Cushing AM, Jones A: Evaluation of a breaking bad news course for medical students. Med Educ 1995;29:430-435.
25. Linder JF, Blais J, Enders SR, Melberg SE, Meyers FJ: Palliative education: A didactic and experiential approach to teaching end-of-life care. J Cancer Educ 1999;14:154-160.
26. Seligman PA, Massey E, Fink RS, Nelson-Marten P, von Lobkowitz P: Practicing physicians' assessments of the impact of their medical-school clinical hospice experience. J Cancer Educ 1999;14:144-147.
27. Steen PD, Miller T, Palmer L, Malmberg A, DeKrey C, McManus S, Hachfeld R, Leitch J, Slotnick H, Theige D: An introductory hospice experience for third-year medical students. J Cancer Educ 1999;14:140-143.
28. Vetto JT, Elder NC, Toffler WL, Fields SA: Teaching medical students to give bad news: does formal instruction help? J Cancer Educ 1999;14:13-17.
29. Jackson WC, Connor DP, Tavernier L: Antemortem care in an afternoon: A successful four-hour curriculum for third-year medical students. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19:338-342.
30. Porter-Williamson K, von Gunten CF, Garman K, Herbst L, Bluestein HG, Evans W: Improving knowledge in palliative medicine with a required hospice rotation for third-year medical students. Acad Med 2004;79:777-782.
31. Billings JA, Block S: Palliative care in undergraduate medical education. Status report and future directions. JAMA 1997;278:733-738.
32. Rappaport W, Witzke D: Education about death and dying during the clinical years of medical school. Surgery 1993;113:163-165.
33. Buss MK, Marx ES, Sulmasy DP: The preparedness of students to discuss end-of-life issues with patients. Acad Med 1998;73:418-422.
34. Fraser HC, Kutner JS, Pfeifer MP: Senior medical students' perceptions of the adequacy of education on end-of-life issues. J Palliat Med 2001;4:337-343.
35. Sullivan AM, Lakoma MD, Block SD: The status of medical education in end-of-life care: a national report. J Gen Intern Med 2003;18:685-695.
36. Ogle KS, Mavis B, Rohrer J: Graduating medical students' competencies and educational experiences in palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997;14:280-285.
37. Hafferty FW: Beyond curriculum reform: Confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med 1998;73:403-407.
38. Hafferty FW, Franks R: The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Acad Med 1994;69:861-871.
39. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Comprehensive Palliative Care Program. 2007. www.upmc.edu/palliativecare/ (Last accessed March 2007).
40. Arnold R: Comprehensive palliative care service, University of Pittsburgh-UPMC. In: Pioneer Programs in Palliative Care: Nine Case Studies: Milbank Memorial Fund Report. Co-published with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2000.
41. Block S, Sullivan A: Medical Education in End of Life Care: Fourth Year Student Survey. 2001.
42. Hammel JF, Sullivan AM, Block SD, Twycross R: End-of-life and palliative care education for final-year medical students: A comparison of Britain and the United States. J Palliat Med 2007;10:1356-1366.
43. Sullivan AM, Warren AG, Lakoma MD, Liaw KR, Hwang D, Block SD: End-of-life care in the curriculum: A national study of medical education deans. Acad Med 2004;79:760-768.
44. Redinbaugh EM, Sullivan AM, Block SD, Gadmer NM, Lakoma M, Mitchell AM, Seltzer D, Wolford J, Arnold RM: Doctors' emotional reactions to recent death of a patient: Cross sectional study of hospital doctors. BMJ 2003;327:185.
45. MacLeod RD: On reflection: Doctors learning to care for people who are dying. Soc Sci Med 2001;52:1719-1727.
46. Pitkala KH, Mantyranta T: Feelings related to first patient experiences in medical school. A qualitative study on students' personal portfolios. Patient Educ Couns 2004;54:171-177.
47. Branch W, Pels RJ, Lawrence RS, Arky R: Becoming a doctor. Critical-incident reports from third-year medical students. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1130-1132.
48. Branch WT, Jr., Kern D, Haidet P, Weissmann P, Gracey CF, Mitchell G, Inui T: The patient-physician relationship. Teaching the human dimensions of care in clinical settings. JAMA 2001;286:1067-1074.
49. Novack DH, Suchman AL, Clark W, Epstein RM, Najberg E, Kaplan C: Calibrating the physician. Personal awareness and effective patient care. Working Group on Promoting Physician Personal Awareness, American Academy on Physician and Patient. JAMA 1997;278:502-509.
50. Rhodes-Kropf J, Carmody SS, Seltzer D, Redinbaugh E, Gadmer N, Block SD, Arnold RM: "This is just too awful; I just can't believe I experienced that...": medical students' reactions to their "most memorable" patient death. Acad Med 2005;80:634-640.
51. Mount BM: Dealing with our losses. J Clin Oncol 1986;4:1127-1134.
52. Meier DE, Back AL, Morrison RS: The inner life of physicians and care of the seriously ill. JAMA 2001;286:3007-3014.
53. Novack DH, Epstein RM, Paulsen RH: Toward creating physician-healers: fostering medical students' self-awareness, personal growth, and well-being. Acad Med 1999;74:516-520.
54. Kasman D: Physicians' feelings: toward a balance in medical education. West J Med 2001;174:58.