메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 531-540

A comparison of affected and unaffected relatives of patients with bipolar disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Author keywords

Bipolar disorders; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE; CREATINE; INOSITOL; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 56349170832     PISSN: 11804882     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0037629099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression
    • McGuffin P, Rijsdijk F, Andrew M, et al. The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:497-502.
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 497-502
    • McGuffin, P.1    Rijsdijk, F.2    Andrew, M.3
  • 2
    • 0038823525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions
    • Gottesman II, Gould TD. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:636-45.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 636-645
    • Gottesman, I.I.1    Gould, T.D.2
  • 3
    • 0029963925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex
    • Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, et al. Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 1996;6:215-25.
    • (1996) Cereb Cortex , vol.6 , pp. 215-225
    • Bechara, A.1    Tranel, D.2    Damasio, H.3
  • 4
    • 0031782081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex: Implications for the pathophysiology of familial mood disorders
    • Drevets WC, Ongur D, Price JL. Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex: implications for the pathophysiology of familial mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 1998;3:220-1.
    • (1998) Mol Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 220-221
    • Drevets, W.C.1    Ongur, D.2    Price, J.L.3
  • 5
    • 0033007526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgenual cingulate cortex volume in first-episode psychosis
    • Hirayasu Y, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF, et al. Subgenual cingulate cortex volume in first-episode psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156: 1091-3.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1091-1093
    • Hirayasu, Y.1    Shenton, M.E.2    Salisbury, D.F.3
  • 6
    • 3042758475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based morphometry in adolescents with bipolar disorder: First results
    • Wilke M, Kowatch RA, DelBello MP, et al. Voxel-based morphometry in adolescents with bipolar disorder: first results. Psychiatry Res 2004;131:57-69.
    • (2004) Psychiatry Res , vol.131 , pp. 57-69
    • Wilke, M.1    Kowatch, R.A.2    DelBello, M.P.3
  • 7
    • 0035336748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in neuronal and glial density characterize the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder
    • Rajkowska G, Halaris A, Selemon LD. Reductions in neuronal and glial density characterize the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001;49:741-52.
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 741-752
    • Rajkowska, G.1    Halaris, A.2    Selemon, L.D.3
  • 8
    • 0032573166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders
    • Ongur D, Drevets WC, Price JL. Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:13290-5.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 13290-13295
    • Ongur, D.1    Drevets, W.C.2    Price, J.L.3
  • 9
    • 0035884325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar subjects
    • Benes FM, Vincent SL, Todtenkopf M. The density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:395-406.
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 395-406
    • Benes, F.M.1    Vincent, S.L.2    Todtenkopf, M.3
  • 10
    • 33644995450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and resilience markers in bipolar disorder: Brain responses to emotional challenge in bipolar patients and their healthy siblings
    • Krüger S, Alda M, Young LT, et al. Risk and resilience markers in bipolar disorder: brain responses to emotional challenge in bipolar patients and their healthy siblings. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:257-64.
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 257-264
    • Krüger, S.1    Alda, M.2    Young, L.T.3
  • 11
    • 0036930972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe differences in bipolar disorder as determined by proton MR spectroscopy
    • Cecil KM, DelBello MP, Morey R, et al. Frontal lobe differences in bipolar disorder as determined by proton MR spectroscopy. Bipolar Disord 2002;4:357-65.
    • (2002) Bipolar Disord , vol.4 , pp. 357-365
    • Cecil, K.M.1    DelBello, M.P.2    Morey, R.3
  • 12
    • 0041880362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bipolar disorder versus intermittent explosive disorder in children and adolescents
    • Davanzo P, Yue K, Thomas MA, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bipolar disorder versus intermittent explosive disorder in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1442-52.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1442-1452
    • Davanzo, P.1    Yue, K.2    Thomas, M.A.3
  • 13
    • 0035137636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased anterior cingulate myo-inositol/creatine spectroscopy resonance with lithium treatment in children with bipolar disorder
    • Davanzo P, Thomas MA, Yue K, et al. Decreased anterior cingulate myo-inositol/creatine spectroscopy resonance with lithium treatment in children with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;24:359-69.
    • (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 359-369
    • Davanzo, P.1    Thomas, M.A.2    Yue, K.3
  • 14
    • 0034280803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline, myo-inositol and mood in bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of the anterior cingulate cortex
    • Moore CM, Breeze JL, Gruber SA, et al. Choline, myo-inositol and mood in bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of the anterior cingulate cortex. Bipolar Disord 2000;2(3 Pt 2):207-16.
    • (2000) Bipolar Disord , vol.2 , Issue.3 PART 2 , pp. 207-216
    • Moore, C.M.1    Breeze, J.L.2    Gruber, S.A.3
  • 15
    • 27744593086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced NAA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of young bipolar patients
    • Sassi RB, Stanley JA, Axelson D, et al. Reduced NAA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of young bipolar patients. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:2109-15.
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 2109-2115
    • Sassi, R.B.1    Stanley, J.A.2    Axelson, D.3
  • 16
    • 0842289365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorders
    • Cecil KM, DelBello MP, Sellars MC, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003;13:545-55.
    • (2003) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 545-555
    • Cecil, K.M.1    DelBello, M.P.2    Sellars, M.C.3
  • 17
    • 0034102167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton MR spectroscopy in children with bipolar affective disorder: Preliminary observations
    • Castillo M, Kwock L, Courvoisie H, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy in children with bipolar affective disorder: preliminary observations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:832-8.
    • (2000) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.21 , pp. 832-838
    • Castillo, M.1    Kwock, L.2    Courvoisie, H.3
  • 18
    • 0038054363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased N-acetylaspartate in children with familial bipolar disorder
    • Chang K, Adleman N, Dienes K, et al. Decreased N-acetylaspartate in children with familial bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53: 1059-65.
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 1059-1065
    • Chang, K.1    Adleman, N.2    Dienes, K.3
  • 19
    • 29244453643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylaspartate levels in bipolar offspring with and at high-risk for bipolar disorder
    • Gallelli KA, Wagner CM, Karchemskiy A, et al. N-acetylaspartate levels in bipolar offspring with and at high-risk for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2005;7:589-97.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , pp. 589-597
    • Gallelli, K.A.1    Wagner, C.M.2    Karchemskiy, A.3
  • 20
    • 0036944249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment
    • Duffy A, Alda M, Kutcher S, et al. A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:1171-8.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Duffy, A.1    Alda, M.2    Kutcher, S.3
  • 21
    • 0018119373 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia
    • Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35: 837-44.
    • (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 837-844
    • Endicott, J.1    Spitzer, R.L.2
  • 22
    • 84870465485 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed. Washington: The Association;
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington: The Association; 1994.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 23
    • 0029965167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnoses in the child and adolescent members of extended families identified through adult bipolar affective disorder probands
    • Todd RD, Reich W, Petti TA, et al. Psychiatric diagnoses in the child and adolescent members of extended families identified through adult bipolar affective disorder probands. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:664-71.
    • (1996) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 664-671
    • Todd, R.D.1    Reich, W.2    Petti, T.A.3
  • 24
    • 0019975573 scopus 로고
    • A family study of schizo-affective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands
    • Gershon ES, Hamovit J, Guroff JJ, et al. A family study of schizo-affective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:1157-67.
    • (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 1157-1167
    • Gershon, E.S.1    Hamovit, J.2    Guroff, J.J.3
  • 25
    • 0342723779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetylaspartate in bipolar disorder
    • Winsberg ME, Sachs N, Tate DL, et al. Decreased dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetylaspartate in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:475-81.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 475-481
    • Winsberg, M.E.1    Sachs, N.2    Tate, D.L.3
  • 26
    • 0030191789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline-containing compounds detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder
    • Kato T, Hamakawa H, Shioiri T, et al. Choline-containing compounds detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1996;21:248-54.
    • (1996) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 248-254
    • Kato, T.1    Hamakawa, H.2    Shioiri, T.3
  • 27
    • 0031935232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with affective disorders
    • Hamakawa H, Kato T, Murashita J, et al. Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with affective disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;248:53-8.
    • (1998) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.248 , pp. 53-58
    • Hamakawa, H.1    Kato, T.2    Murashita, J.3
  • 28
    • 2442454784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder
    • Dager SR, Friedman SD, Parow A, et al. Brain metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:450-8.
    • (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 450-458
    • Dager, S.R.1    Friedman, S.D.2    Parow, A.3
  • 29
    • 33846402816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain choline concentrations may not be altered in euthymic bipolar disorder patients chronically treated with either lithium or sodium valproate
    • Wu RH, O'Donnell T, Ulrich M, et al. Brain choline concentrations may not be altered in euthymic bipolar disorder patients chronically treated with either lithium or sodium valproate. Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004;3:13.
    • (2004) Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 13
    • Wu, R.H.1    O'Donnell, T.2    Ulrich, M.3
  • 30
    • 4644330124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium and valproate protect against dextro-amphetamine induced brain choline concentration changes in bipolar disorder patients
    • Silverstone PH, Asghar SJ, O'Donnell T, et al. Lithium and valproate protect against dextro-amphetamine induced brain choline concentration changes in bipolar disorder patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2004;5:38-44.
    • (2004) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 38-44
    • Silverstone, P.H.1    Asghar, S.J.2    O'Donnell, T.3
  • 31
    • 84870406840 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, 3rd ed, revised. Washington: The Association;
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed., revised. Washington: The Association; 1987.
    • (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 32
    • 12744278192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological findings in bipolar II disorder compared with findings in bipolar I disorder
    • McGrath BM, Wessels PH, Bell EC, et al. Neurobiological findings in bipolar II disorder compared with findings in bipolar I disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2004;49:794-801.
    • (2004) Can J Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 794-801
    • McGrath, B.M.1    Wessels, P.H.2    Bell, E.C.3
  • 33
    • 16844383374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder patients
    • Brambilla P, Stanley JA, Nicoletti MA, et al. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder patients. J Affect Disord 2005;86:61-7.
    • (2005) J Affect Disord , vol.86 , pp. 61-67
    • Brambilla, P.1    Stanley, J.A.2    Nicoletti, M.A.3
  • 34
    • 4444380612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium and valproic acid treatment effects on brain chemistry in bipolar disorder
    • Friedman SD, Dager SR, Parow A, et al. Lithium and valproic acid treatment effects on brain chemistry in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004;56:340-8.
    • (2004) Biol Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 340-348
    • Friedman, S.D.1    Dager, S.R.2    Parow, A.3
  • 35
    • 18744435263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium increases N-acetylaspartate in the human brain: In vivo evidence in support of bcl-2's neurotrophic effects?
    • Moore GJ, Bebchuk JM, Hasanat K, et al. Lithium increases N-acetylaspartate in the human brain: in vivo evidence in support of bcl-2's neurotrophic effects? Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:1-8.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 1-8
    • Moore, G.J.1    Bebchuk, J.M.2    Hasanat, K.3
  • 36
    • 0030954243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data
    • Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:980-8.
    • (1997) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 980-988
    • Kaufman, J.1    Birmaher, B.2    Brent, D.3
  • 37
    • 0033812216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of short echo time (1)H-MRSI of cerebral gray and white matter
    • McLean MA, Woermann FG, Barker GJ, et al. Quantitative analysis of short echo time (1)H-MRSI of cerebral gray and white matter. Magn Reson Med 2000;44:401-11.
    • (2000) Magn Reson Med , vol.44 , pp. 401-411
    • McLean, M.A.1    Woermann, F.G.2    Barker, G.J.3
  • 38
    • 0030175198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
    • Cox RW. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res 1996;29:162-73.
    • (1996) Comput Biomed Res , vol.29 , pp. 162-173
    • Cox, R.W.1
  • 39
    • 2942517541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method for bias field correction of brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance images minimizing segmentation error
    • Gispert JD, Reig S, Pascau J, et al. Method for bias field correction of brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance images minimizing segmentation error. Hum Brain Mapp 2004;22:133-44.
    • (2004) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.22 , pp. 133-144
    • Gispert, J.D.1    Reig, S.2    Pascau, J.3
  • 40
    • 0034959727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1H spectra with LCModel
    • Provencher SW. Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1H spectra with LCModel. NMR Biomed 2001;14:260-4.
    • (2001) NMR Biomed , vol.14 , pp. 260-264
    • Provencher, S.W.1
  • 41
    • 0027375098 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra
    • Provencher SW. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:672-9.
    • (1993) Magn Reson Med , vol.30 , pp. 672-679
    • Provencher, S.W.1
  • 42
    • 5044228017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues of spectral quality in clinical 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a gallery of artifacts
    • Kreis R. Issues of spectral quality in clinical 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a gallery of artifacts. NMR Biomed 2004; 17:361-81.
    • (2004) NMR Biomed , vol.17 , pp. 361-381
    • Kreis, R.1
  • 43
    • 0037561211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of metabolic differences in the frontal brain of depressive patients and controls obtained by 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla
    • Gruber S, Frey R, Mlynarik V, et al. Quantification of metabolic differences in the frontal brain of depressive patients and controls obtained by 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla. Invest Radiol 2003;38:403-8.
    • (2003) Invest Radiol , vol.38 , pp. 403-408
    • Gruber, S.1    Frey, R.2    Mlynarik, V.3
  • 44
    • 33745643161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical effects of olanzapine in first-hospitalization manic adolescents: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • DelBello MP, Cecil KM, Adler CM, et al. Neurochemical effects of olanzapine in first-hospitalization manic adolescents: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:1264-73.
    • (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 1264-1273
    • DelBello, M.P.1    Cecil, K.M.2    Adler, C.M.3
  • 45
    • 0032802545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the quantification of short echo in-vivo 1H MR spectra: Prior knowledge, peak elimination, and filtering
    • Bartha R, Drost DJ, Williamson PC. Factors affecting the quantification of short echo in-vivo 1H MR spectra: prior knowledge, peak elimination, and filtering. NMR Biomed 1999;12:205-16.
    • (1999) NMR Biomed , vol.12 , pp. 205-216
    • Bartha, R.1    Drost, D.J.2    Williamson, P.C.3
  • 46
    • 0038735643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal pathology in the hippocampal area of patients with bipolar disorder: A study with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Bertolino A, Frye M, Callicott JH, et al. Neuronal pathology in the hippocampal area of patients with bipolar disorder: a study with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:906-13.
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 906-913
    • Bertolino, A.1    Frye, M.2    Callicott, J.H.3
  • 47
    • 0038521214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower concentration of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in familial bipolar I disorder
    • Deicken RF, Pegues MP, Anzalone S, et al. Lower concentration of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in familial bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:873-82.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 873-882
    • Deicken, R.F.1    Pegues, M.P.2    Anzalone, S.3
  • 48
    • 0026665540 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in schizophrenic and affective patients
    • Sharma R, Venkatasubramanian PN, Barany M, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in schizophrenic and affective patients. Schizophr Res 1992;8:43-9.
    • (1992) Schizophr Res , vol.8 , pp. 43-49
    • Sharma, R.1    Venkatasubramanian, P.N.2    Barany, M.3
  • 49
    • 23044476506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year prospective outcome of psychopathology in the adolescent offspring of bipolar parents
    • Hillegers MH, Reichart CG, Wals M, et al. Five-year prospective outcome of psychopathology in the adolescent offspring of bipolar parents. Bipolar Disord 2005;7:344-50.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , pp. 344-350
    • Hillegers, M.H.1    Reichart, C.G.2    Wals, M.3
  • 50
    • 0027408970 scopus 로고
    • Unipolar relatives of bipolar pedigrees: Are they bipolar?
    • Blacker D, Tsuang MT. Unipolar relatives of bipolar pedigrees: Are they bipolar? Psychiatr Genet 1993;3:5-16.
    • (1993) Psychiatr Genet , vol.3 , pp. 5-16
    • Blacker, D.1    Tsuang, M.T.2
  • 51
    • 36248931550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortical glutamate and creatine in bipolar depression
    • Frye MA, Watzl J, Banakar S, et al. Increased anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortical glutamate and creatine in bipolar depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007;32:2490-9.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 2490-2499
    • Frye, M.A.1    Watzl, J.2    Banakar, S.3
  • 52
    • 33947221025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and the NAA-creatine ratio in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder: A study using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Frye MA, Thomas MA, Yue K, et al. Reduced concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and the NAA-creatine ratio in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder: a study using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2007;154:259-65.
    • (2007) Psychiatry Res , vol.154 , pp. 259-265
    • Frye, M.A.1    Thomas, M.A.2    Yue, K.3
  • 53
    • 0346034866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic treatment with lithium, but not sodium valproate, increases cortical N-acetylaspartate concentrations in euthymic bipolar patients
    • Silverstone PH, Wu RH, O'Donnell T, et al. Chronic treatment with lithium, but not sodium valproate, increases cortical N-acetylaspartate concentrations in euthymic bipolar patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:73-9.
    • (2003) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 73-79
    • Silverstone, P.H.1    Wu, R.H.2    O'Donnell, T.3
  • 54
    • 29644445741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antidepressant treatment on N-acetylaspartate levels of medial frontal cortex in drugfree depressed patients
    • Gonul AS, Kitis O, Ozan E, et al. The effect of antidepressant treatment on N-acetylaspartate levels of medial frontal cortex in drugfree depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006;30:120-5.
    • (2006) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 120-125
    • Gonul, A.S.1    Kitis, O.2    Ozan, E.3
  • 55
    • 33644991424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in brain chemistry in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Moore CM, Biederman J, Wozniak J, et al. Differences in brain chemistry in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:316-8.
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 316-318
    • Moore, C.M.1    Biederman, J.2    Wozniak, J.3
  • 56
    • 33847052084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mania, glutamate/glutamine and risperidone in pediatric bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex
    • Moore CM, Biederman J, Wozniak J et al. Mania, glutamate/glutamine and risperidone in pediatric bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex. J Affect Disord 2007;99:19-25.
    • (2007) J Affect Disord , vol.99 , pp. 19-25
    • Moore, C.M.1    Biederman, J.2    Wozniak, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.