Iron as a trigger of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 83, Issue , 2007, Pages 493-505

  Friedman, Andrzej ^a   Galazka Friedman, Jolanta ^b   Bauminger, Erika R ^c  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

^b WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 55449097264     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0072-9752(07)83023-5     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Aime S., Bergamasco B., Biglino D., et al. EPR investigations of the iron domain in neuromelanin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1361 (1997) 49-58
2. Antonini A., Leenders K.L., Meier D., et al. T2 relaxation time in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 43 (1993) 697-700
3. Bauminger E.R., Barcikowska M., Friedman A., et al. Does iron play a role in Parkinson's disease?. Hyperfine Interactions 91 (1994) 853-856
4. Bartzokis G., Cummings J.L., Markham C.H., et al. MRI evaluation of brain iron in earlier- and later-onset Parkinson's disease and normal subjects. Magn Reson Imag 17 (1999) 213-222
5. Bartzokis G., Tishler T.A., Shin I., et al. Brain ferritin iron as a risk for age at onset in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1012 (2004) 224-236
6. Becker G., and Berg D. Neuroimaging in basal ganglia disorders: perspectives for transcranial ultrasound. Mov Disord 16 (2001) 23-32
7. Becker G., Seufert J., Bogdahn U., et al. Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinson's disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real time sonography. Neurology 45 (1995) 182-184
8. Berg D., Roggendorf W., Schroeder U., et al. Echogenicity of the substantia nigra: association with increased iron content and marker for susceptibility to nigrostriatal injury. Arch Neurol 59 (2002) 999-1005
9. Berg D., Merz B., Reiners K., et al. Five-year follow-up study of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 20 3 (2005) 383-385 [Epub ahead of print, DOI 10.1002/mds.20311]
10. Bogdahn U., Becker G., Winkler J., et al. Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography in adults. Stroke 21 (1990) 1680-1688
11. Brooks D.J., Luthert P., Gadian D., et al. Does signal-attenuation on high-field T2-weighted MRI of the brain reflect regional cerebral iron deposition? Observations on the relationship between regional cerebral water proton T2 values and iron levels. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52 (1989) 108-111
12. Chasteen N.D., and Harrison P.M. Mineralization in ferritin: an efficient means of iron storage. J Struct Biol 126 (1999) 182-194
13. Chen J.C., Hardy P.A., Clauberg M., et al. T2 values in the human brain: comparison with quantitative assays of iron and ferritin. Radiology 173 (1989) 521-526
14. Chua-anusorn W., Webb J., Macey D.J., et al. The effect of histological processing on the form of iron-loaded human tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1360 (1997) 255-261
15. Connor J.R., Snyder B.S., Arosio P., et al. A quantitative analysis of isoferritins in select regions of aged, parkinsonian, and Alzheimer's diseased brains. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 717-724
16. Connor J.R., Boyer P.J., Menzies S.L., et al. Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 61 (2003) 304-309
17. Crompton D.E., Chinnery P.F., Bates D., et al. Spectrum of movement disorders in neuroferritinopathy. Mov Disord 20 (2005) 95-99
18. Curtis A., Fey C., Morris C.M., et al. Mutation in the gene encoding ferritin light polypeptide causes dominant adult-onset basal ganglia disease. Nat Genet 28 (2001) 350-354
19. Dexter D.T., Wells F.R., Lees A.J., et al. Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 52 (1989) 1830-1836
20. Drayer B.P., Olanow W., Burger C.A., et al. Parkinson plus syndrome: diagnosis using high field MR imaging of brain iron. Radiology 159 (1986) 493-498
21. Earle K.M. Studies on Parkinson's disease including X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy of formalin fixed brain tissue. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 27 (1968) 1-13
22. Eggleton R.A., and Fitzpatrick R.W. New data and a revised structural model for ferrihydrite. Clays Clay Miner 36 (1988) 111-114
23. Faucheux B.A., Martin M.E., Beaumont C., et al. Lack of upregulation of ferritin is associated with sustained iron regulatory protein-1 binding activity in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 83 (2002) 320-330
24. Galazka-Friedman J., and Friedman A. Controversies about iron in parkinsonian and control substantia nigra. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 57 (1997) 217-225
25. Galazka-Friedman J., Bauminger E.R., Friedman A., et al. Iron in parkinsonian and control substantia nigra-a Mössbauer spectroscopy study. Mov Disord 11 (1996) 8-16
26. Galazka-Friedman J., Bauminger E.R., Tymosz T., et al. Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies of ferritin-like iron in human heart, liver and brain. Hyperfine Interactions (C) 3 (1998) 49-52
27. Galazka-Friedman J., Bauminger E.R., Koziorowski D., et al. Mössbauer spectroscopy and ELISA studies reveal differences between Parkinson's disease and control substantia nigra. Biochim Biophys Acta 1688 (2004) 130-136
28. Gelman N., Gorell J.M., Barker P.B., et al. MR imaging of human brain at 3.0 T: preliminary report on transverse relaxation rates and relation to estimated iron content. Radiology 210 (1999) 759-767
29. Gerlach M., Trautwein A.X., Zecca L., et al. Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of purified human neuromelanin isolated from the substantia nigra. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 923-926
30. Good P.F., Olanow C.W., and Perl D.P. Neuromelanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra accumulate iron and aluminium in Parkinson's disease: a LAMMA study. Brain Res 593 (1992) 343-346
31. Gorell J.M., Ordidge R.J., Brown G.G., et al. Increased iron-related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 45 (1995) 1138-1143
32. Götz M.E., Double K., Gerlach M., et al. The relevance of iron in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1012 (2004) 193-208
33. Graham J.M., Paley M.N.J., Gruenewald R.A., et al. Brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequence. Brain 123 (2000) 2423-2431
34. Griffiths P.D., and Crossman A.R. Distribution of iron in the basal ganglia and neocortex in postmortem tissue in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Dementia 4 (1993) 61-65
35. Hallgren B., and Sourander P. The effect of age on the non-haemin iron the human brain. J Neurochem 3 (1958) 41-51
36. Halliwell B. Oxygen radicals as key mediators in neurological disease: fact or fiction. Ann Neurol 32 (1992) S10-S15
37. Harrison P.M., and Arosio P. The ferritins: molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1275 (1996) 161-203
38. Hirsch E.C., Brandel J.P., Galle P., et al. Iron and aluminium increase in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease: an X-ray microanalysis. J Neurochem 56 (1991) 446-451
39. Ide-Ektessabi A., Kawakami T., and Watt F. Distribution and chemical state analysis of iron in the parkinsonian substantia nigra using synchrotron radiation micro beams. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 213 (2004) 590-594
40. Iova A., Garmashov A., Andruchtchenko N., et al. Postnatal decrease in substantia nigra echogenicity. Implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 251 (2004) 1451-1454
41. Jellinger K., Paulus W., Grundke-Iqbal I., et al. Brain iron and ferritin in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 2 (1990) 327-340
42. Jellinger K., Kienzl E., Rumpelmair G., et al. Iron-melanin complex in substantia nigra of parkinsonian brains: an X-ray microanalysis. J Neurochem 59 3 (1992) 1168-1171
43. Kaur D., and Andersen J. Does cellular iron dysregulation play a causative role in Parkinson's disease?. Ageing Res Rev 3 (2004) 327-343
44. Koziorowski D., Friedman A., Arosio P., et al. ELISA reveals a difference in the structure of substantia nigra ferritin in Parkinson's disease and Incidental Lewy Body compared to control. Park Rel Disord (2006) [Epub ahead of print, DOI 10.1016/j.parreldis.2006.10.002]
45. Lhermitte J., Krauss W.M., and McAlpine D. On the occurrence of abnormal deposits of iron in the brain in parkinsonism with special reference to its localisation. J Neurol Psychopathol 5 (1924) 195-208
46. Loeffler D.A., Connor J.R., Juneau P.I., et al. Transferrin and iron in normal, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease brain regions. J Neurochem 65 (1995) 710-716
47. Litvan I., Bhatia K.P., Burn D.J., et al. SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for parkinsonian disorders. Mov Disord 18 (2003) 467-486
48. Mann V.M., Cooper J.M., Daniel S.E., et al. Complex I, iron, and ferritin in Parkinson's disease substantia nigra. Ann Neurol 36 (1994) 876-881
49. McGeer P.L., and McGeer E.G. Inflammation and the degenerative diseases of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1035 (2004) 104-116
50. McGeer P.L., Itagaki S., Akiyama H., et al. Rate of cell death in parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process. Ann Neurol 24 (1988) 574-576
51. Mondini F., Filippi P., Magliola U., et al. Magnetic resonance relaxometry in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 23 (2002) S87-S88
52. Moos T. Absence of ferritin protein in substantia nigra pars compacta neuron. A reappraisal to the role of iron in Parkinson disease pathogenesis. Mov Disord 15 Suppl 3 (2000) 319A
53. Riederer P., Sofic E., Rausch W., et al. Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in parkinsonian brains. J Neurochem 52 (1989) 515-520
54. Rutledge J.N., Hilal S.K., Silver A.J., et al. Study of movement disorders and brain iron by MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol 149 (1987) 365-379
55. Ryvlin P., Broussolle E., Piollet H., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of decreased putamenal iron content in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 52 (1995) 583-588
56. Schenck J.F., Mueller O.M., Souza S.P., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain using a 4 Tesla whole-body scanner. In: Frankel R.B., and Blakemore R.P. (Eds). Iron Biominerals (1990), Plenum Press, New York 373-383
57. Sipe J.C., Lee P., and Beutler E. Brain iron metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Dev Neurosci 24 (2002) 188-196
58. Smith M.A., Harris P.L.R., Sayre L.M., et al. Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox generated free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997) 9866-9868
59. Sofic E., Riederer P., Heinsen H., et al. Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 74 (1988) 199-205
60. Sofic E., Paulus W., Jellinger K., et al. Selective increase of iron in substantia nigra zona compacta of parkinsonian brains. J Neurochem 56 (1991) 978-982
61. Stern M.B., Braffman B.H., Skolnick B.E., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology 39 (1989) 1524-1526
62. Thompson K., Shoham S., and Connor J.R. Iron and neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Res Bull 55 (2001) 155-164
63. Uitti R.J., Rajput A.H., Rozdilsky B., et al. Regional metal concentrations in Parkinson's disease, other chronic neurological disease, and control brains. Can J Neurol Sci 16 (1989) 310-314
64. Vymazal J., Righini A., Brooks R.A., et al. T1 and T2 in the brain of healthy subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease, and patients with multiple system atrophy: relation to iron content. Radiology 211 (1999) 489-495
65. Ye F.Q., Allen P.S., and Martin W.R.W. Basal ganglia iron content in Parkinson's disease measured with magnetic resonance. Mov Disord 11 (1996) 243-249
66. Youdim M.B.H., Ben-Shachar D., and Riederer P. Is Parkinson's disease a progressive siderosis of substantia nigra resulting in iron and melanin induced neurodegeneration?. Acta Neurol Scand 126 (1989) 47-54
67. Zecca L., and Swartz H.M. Total and paramagnetic metals in human substantia nigra and its neuromelanin. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 5 (1993) 203-213
68. Zecca L., Gallorini M., Schuenemann V., et al. Iron, neuromelanin and ferritin content in the substantia nigra of normal subjects at different ages: consequences for iron storage and neurodegenerative processes. J Neurochem 76 (2001) 1766-1773
69. Zecca L., Tampellini D., Gerlach M., et al. Substantia nigra neuromelanin: structure, synthesis, and molecular behaviour. J Clin Pathol: Mol Pathol 54 (2001) 414-418
70. Zecca L., Stroppolo A., Gatti A., et al. The role of iron and copper molecules in the neuronal vulnerability of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2004) 9843-9848