T cells in arteritis and atherosclerosis

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 469-477

  Weyand, Cornelia M ^a,c   Younge, Brian R ^b   Goronzy, Jörg J ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antigen presenting cells; Atherosclerosis; Cytokines; T cells; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS INDUCING LIGAND;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; APOPTOSIS; ARTERITIS; ARTERY WALL; ATHEROMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CELL DAMAGE; CELL FUNCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGE; MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER; T LYMPHOCYTE; VASCULAR DISEASE;

ANIMALS; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 53549100163     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32830bfdc2     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Abdulahad WH, Stegeman CA, Limburg PC, Kallenberg CG. CD4-positive effector memory T cells participate in disease expression in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:22-31.
2. Robertson AK, Hansson GK. T cells in atherogenesis: for better or for worse? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2421-2432.
3. Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:160-169.
4. Watanabe M, Sangawa A, Sasaki Y, et al. Distribution of inflammatory cells in adventitia changed with advancing atherosclerosis of human coronary artery. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007; 14:325-331. Study of inflammatory cells in adventitial infiltrates showing that T cells are the dominant cell type, with B cells rarely contributing.
5. Martinez-Taboada V, Brack A, Hunder GG, et al. The inflammatory infiltrate in giant cell arteritis selects against B lymphocytes. J Rheumatol 1996; 23:1011-1014.
6. Burke AP, Tavora F, Narula N, et al. Aortitis and ascending aortic aneurysm: description of 52 cases and proposal of a histologic classification. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:514-526.
7. Wick G, Perschinka H, Millonig G. Atherosclerosis as an autoimmune disease: an update. Trends Immunol 2001; 22:665-669.
8. Han JW, Shimada K, Ma-Krupa W, et al. Vessel wall-embedded dendritic cells induce T-cell autoreactivity and initiate vascular inflammation. Circ Res 2008; 102:546-553. Functional comparison of different types of antigen-presenting cells initiating T-cell responses in the wall of bioengineered human arteries. Monocytes fail to function as APCs, and macrophages have minimal T-cell stimulatory capacity. Only dendritic cells effectively activate autologous T cells in this unique microenvironment.
9. Niessner A, Shin MS, Pryshchep O, et al. Synergistic proinflammatory effects of the antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha and Toll-like receptor 4 ligands in the atherosclerotic plaque. Circulation 2007; 116:2043-2052. Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells in the inflamed atherosclerotic plaque sense microbial products and cooperate to determine the direction and intensity of inflammation.
10. Ma-Krupa W, Jeon MS, Spoerl S, et al. Activation of arterial wall dentritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis. J Exp Med 2004; 199:173-183.
11. Ma-Krupa W, Kwan M, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Toll-like receptors in giant cell arteritis. Clin Immunol 2005; 115:38-46.
12. Krupa WM, Dewan M, Jeon MS, et al. Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in the granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis. Am J Pathol 2002; 161:1815-1823.
13. Yilmaz A, Rowley A, Schulte DJ, et al. Activated myeloid dendritic cells accumulate and co-localize with CD3+ T cells in coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:93-103.
14. Erbel C, Sato K, Meyer FB, et al. Functional profile of activated dendritic cells in unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Basic Res Cardiol 2007; 102:123-132.
15. Niessner A, Sato K, Chaikof EL, et al. Pathogen-sensing plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulate cytotoxic T-cell function in the atherosclerotic plaque through interferon-alpha Circulation 2006; 114:2482-2489.
16. Dopheide JF, Sester U, Schlitt A, et al. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells of patients with coronary artery disease show an increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 in vitro. Coron Artery Dis 2O07; 18:523-531.
17. Van Vre EA, Bult H, Hoymans VY, et al. Human C-reactive protein activates monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induces dendritic cell-mediated T-cell activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:511-518.
18. Shaposhnik Z, Wang X, Weinstein M, et al. Granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor regulates dendritic cell content of atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:621-627.
19. Hansson GK, Robertson AK, Soderberg-Naucler C. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Pathol 2006; 1:297-329.
20. Rossmann A, Henderson B, Heidecker B, et al. T-cells from advanced atherosclerotic lesions recognize hHSP60 and have a restricted T-cell receptor repertoire. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:229-237.
21. Ayada K, Yokota K, Kobayashi K, et al. Chronic infections and atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1108:594-602.
22. Liuzzo G, Goronzy JJ, Yang H, et al. Monoclonal T-cell proliferation and plaque instability in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2000; 101:2883-2888.
23. Liuzzo G, Kopecky SL, Frye RL, et al. Perturbation of the T-cell repertoire in patients with unstable angina. Circulation 1999; 100:2135-2139.
24. Pourgheysari B, Khan N, Best D, et al. The cytomegalovirus- specific CD4+ T-cell response expands with age and markedly alters the CD4+ T-cell repertoire. J Virol 2007; 81:7759-7765.
25. Krebs P, Scandella E, Bolinger B, et al. Chronic immune reactivity against persisting microbial antigen in the vasculature exacerbates atherosclerotic lesion formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2206-2213.
26. Westerterp M, Berbee JF, Pires NM, et al. Apolipoprotein C-l is crucially involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation 2007; 116:2173-2181.
27. Rao RM, Yang L, Garcia-Cardena G. Luscinskas FW. Endothelial-dependent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall. Circ Res 2007; 101:234-247.
28. Sainz J, Sata M. Open sesame! CXCR4 blockade recruits neutrophils into the plaque. Ore Res 2008; 102:154-156.
29. Kraaijeveld AO, de Jager SC, de Jager WJ, et al. CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5/RANTES) and CC chemokine ligand-18 (CCL18/PARC) are specific markers of refractory unstable angina pectoris and are transiently raised during severe ischemic symptoms. Circulation 2007; 116:1931-1941.
30. Bruhl H, Vielhauer V, Weiss M, et al. Expression of DARC.CXCR3 and CCR5 in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:309-313.
31. Olofsson PS, Soderstrom LA, Wagsater D, et al. CD137 is expressed in human atherosclerosis and promotes development of plaque inflammation in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation 2008; 117:1292-1301. This study implicates the costimulatory receptor CD137, predominantly expressed on activated CD8 T cells, in regulating plaque inflammation.
32. Sun Y, Chen JH, Fu Y. Immunotherapy with agonistic anti-CD137: two sides of a coin. Cell Mol Immunol 2004; 1:31-36.
33. Gotsman I, Grabie N, Dacosta R, et al. Proatherogenic immune responses are regulated by the PD-1/PD-L pathway in mice. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2974-2982. This study demonstrates that deficiency for the co-inhibitory ligand PO-L1/2 enhances T-cell activity and increases the atherosclerotic burden of hypercholesterolemic mice.
34. Onouchi Y, Gunji T, Burns JC, et al. ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Nat Genet 2008; 40:35-42. This study suggests that ITPKC is a disease risk gene in the vasculitic syndrome Kawasaki disease. As a negative regulator of T-cell activation, ITPKC may induce T-cell hyperreactivity in patients with this vasculitis.
35. Fougerat A, Gayral S, Gourdy P, et al. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma reduces atherosclerosis and favors plaque stability by modulating inflammatory processes. Circulation 2008; 117:1310-1317. This study identifies phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma, an enzyme that generates lipid-based second messengers and amplifies intracellular signaling pathways in leukocytes, as a suitable target for immunomodulatory interventions in atherosclerosis.
36. Zakharova L, Svetlova M, Fomina AF. T cell exosomes induce cholesterol accumulation in human monocytes via phosphatidylserine receptor. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:174-181.
37. Wang Z, Nicholls SJ, Rodriguez ER, et al. Protein carbamylation links inflammation, smoking, uremia and atherogenesis. Nat Med 2007; 13:1176-1184.
38. Vossenaar ER, van Venrooij WJ. Citrullinated proteins: sparks that may ignite the fire in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 6:107-111.
39. Borkowski A, Younge BR, Szweda L, et al. Reactive nitrogen intermediates in giant cell arteritis: selective nitration of neocapillaries. Am J Pathol 2002; 161:115-123.
40. Kaiser M, Weyand CM, Bjornsson J, Goronzy JJ. Platelet-derived growth factor, intimal hyperplasia, and ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41:623-633.
41. Kaiser M, Younge B, Bjornsson J, et al. Formation of new vasa vasorum in vasculitis. Production of angiogenic cytokines by multinucleated giant cells. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:765-774.
42. Rittner HL, Hafner V, Klimiuk PA, et al. Aldose reductase functions as a detoxification system for lipid peroxidation products in vasculitis. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:1007-1013.
43. Rittner HL, Kaiser M, Brack A, et al. Tissue-destructive macrophages in giant cell arteritis. Circ Res 1999; 84:1050-1058.
44. Rodriguez-Pla A, Bosch-Gil JA, Rossello-Urgell J, et al. Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in giant cell arteritis: involvement in vascular remodeling. Circulation 2005; 112:264-269.
45. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Goronzy JJ. Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 3:46-53.
46. Weyand CM, Tetzlaff N, Bjornsson J, et al. Disease patterns and tissue cytokine profiles in giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:19-26.
47. Iking-Konert C, Vogl T, Prior B, et al. T lymphocytes in patients with primary vasculitis: expansion of CD8 + T cells with the propensity to activate polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:609-616.
48. Ranjbaran H, Sokol SI, Gallo A, et al. An inflammatory pathway of IFN-gamma production in coronary atherosclerosis. J Immunol 2007; 178:592-604. A study of plasma cytokines induced in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Describes induction of the IL-12/IFN-y axis independent from IL-6 or C-reactive protein.
49. Miller AM, Xu D, Asquith DL, et al. IL-33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2008; 205:339-346. First description that IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family that has TH2 immunoregulatory activity, can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis.
50. Martinon F, Gaide O, Petrilli V, et al. NALP inflammasomes: a central role in innate immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2007; 29:213-229.
51. Komai-Koma M, Xu D, Li Y, et al. IL-33 is a chemoattractant for human Th2 cells. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2779-2786.
52. Humphreys NE, Xu D, Hepworth MR, et al. IL-33, a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes. J Immunol 2008; 180:2443-2449.
53. Clarke MC, Figg N, Maguire JJ, et al. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induces features of plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2006; 12:1075-1080.
54. Sato K, Niessner A, Kopecky SL, et al. TRAIL-expressing T cells induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. J Exp Med 2006; 203:239-250.
55. Kavurma MM, Bennett MR. Expression, regulation and function of trail in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1441-1450.
56. Flavahan NA. A farewell kiss triggers a broken heart? Circ Res 2006; 98:1117-1119.
57. Pryshchep S, Sato K, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T cell recognition and killing of vascular smooth muscle cells in acute coronary syndrome. Circ Res 2006; 98:1168-1176.