Development of the online MM5 tracer model and its applications to air pollution episodes in Istanbul, Turkey and Sahara dust transport

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 113, Issue 11, 2008, Pages

  Chen, S H ^a,b   Dudhia, J ^c   Kain, J S ^d   Kindap, T ^e   Tan, E ^e,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

^e ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^f University of California   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; BOUNDARY LAYERS; CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DUST; GAS EMISSIONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BOUNDARY LAYER; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DUST; POLLUTANT SOURCE; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; TRACER;

AFRICA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (EAST); EURASIA; ISTANBUL [TURKEY]; SAHARA; TURKEY;

EID: 53149121333     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009244     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Bergametti, G., L. Gomes, G. Coudegaussen, P. Rognon, and M. N. Lecoustumer (1989), African dust observed over Canary Islands - Source-regions identification and transport pattern for some summer situations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,855-14,864.
2. Blackadar, A. K. (1957), Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the growth of nocturnal inversions, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 38, 283-290.
3. Carlson, T. N., and J. M. Prospero (1972), The large-scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the northern equatorial Atlantic, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 283-297.
4. Chin, M., P. Ginoux, S. Kinne, O. Torres, B. N. Holbert, B. N. Duncan, R. V. Martin, J. A. Logan, A. Higurashi, and T. Nakajima (2002), Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sun photometer measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461-483.
5. Chin, M., P. Ginoux, R. Lucchesi, B. Huebert, R. Weber, T. Anderson, S. Masonis, B. Blomquist, A. Bandy, and D. Thornton (2003), A global aerosol model forecast for the ACE-Asia field experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 8654, doi:10.1029/2003JD003642.
6. Colarco, P. R., O. B. Toon, and B. N. Holben (2003), Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 1. Influence of dust sources and removal mechanisms on the timing and magnitude of downwind aerosol optical depth events from simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 8589, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002658.
7. Dudhia, J. (1989), Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
8. Dunion, J. P., and C. S. Velden (2004), The impact of the Saharan air layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 353-365.
9. Gillette, D. (1979), A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil: Effect of soil texture, sandblasting, wind speed, and soil consolidation on dust production, Atmos. Environ., 12, 1735-1743.
10. Ginoux, P., M. Chin, I. Tegen, J. M. Prospero, B. Holben, O. Dubovik, and S. Lin (2001), Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,255-20,274.
11. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer (1995), A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), NCAR/TN-398 + STR, 122 pp., National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.
12. Hogrefe, C., J. Biswas, B. Lynn, K. Civerolo, J.-Y. Ku, J. Rosenthal, C. Rosenzweig, R. Goldberg, and P. L. Kinney (2004), Simulating regional-scale ozone climatology over the eastern United States: Model evaluation results, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2627-2638.
13. Hong, S.-Y., and H.-L. Pan (1996), Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model, Mon. Weather Rev., 124, 2322-2339.
14. Jimenez, P., R. Parra, S. Gasso, and J. M. Baldasano (2005), Modeling the ozone weekend effect in very complex terrains: A case study in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Atmos. Environ., 39, 429-444.
15. Kain, J. S. (2004), The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 170-181.
16. Kallos, G., et al. (1997), The regional weather forecasting system SKIRON: An overview, in Proceedings of the Symposium Regional Weather Prediction on Parallel Computer Environments, edited by G. Kallos, V. Kotroni, and K. Lagouvardos, pp. 109-122, Univ. of Athens, Greece.
17. Kallos, G., V. Kotroni, K. Lagouvardos, and A. Papadopoulos (1998), On the long-range transport of air pollutants from Europe to Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 619-622.
18. Kallos, G., A. Papadopoulos, P. Katsafados, and S. Nickovic (2006), Transatlantic Saharan dust transport: 1. Model simulation and results, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D09204 doi:10.1029/2005JD006207.
19. Karyampudi, V.M (1979), A detailed synoptic-scale study of the structure, dynamics, and radiative effects of the Saharan air layer over the eastern tropical Atlantic during GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment Master's thesis, Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 135 pp.
20. Karyampudi, V. M., and T. N. Carlson (1988), Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3102-3136.
21. Karyampudi, V. M., and H. F. Pierce (2002), Synoptic-scale influence of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 3100-3128.
22. Karyampudi, V. M., et al. (1999), Validation of the Saharan dust plume conceptual model using Lidar, Meteosat, and ECMWF data, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 1045-1075.
23. Kindap, T., A. Unal, S.-H. Chen, Y. Hu, M. T. Odman, and M. Karaca (2006), Long-range aerosol transport from Europe to Istanbul, Turkey, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3536-3547.
24. Kinne, S., et al. (2003), Monthly averages of aerosol properties: A global comparison among models, satellite data, and AERONET ground data, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 4634, doi:10.1029/2001JD001253.
25. Kishcha, P., et al. (2007), Forecast errors in dust vertical distributions over Rome (Italy): 1. Multiple particle size representation and cloud contributions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15205, doi:10.1029/2006JD007427.
26. Kubilay, N., S. Nickovic, C. Moulin, and F. Dulac (2000), An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1293-1303.
27. Laurent, B., B. Marticorena, G. Bergametti, P. Chazette, F. Maignan, and C. Schmechtig (2005), Simulation of the mineral dust emission frequencies from desert areas of China and Mongolia using an aerodynamic roughness length map derived from the POLDER/ADEOS 1 surface products, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18504, doi:10.1029/2004JD005013.
28. Lee, S.-M., S.-C. Yoon, and D. W. Byun (2004), The effect of mass inconsistency of the meteorological field generated by a common meteorological model on air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2917-2926.
29. Liu, M., and D. L. Westphal (2001), A study of the sensitivity of simulated mineral dust production to model resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,099-18,112.
30. Liu, M., D. L. Westphal, S. Wang, A. Shimizu, N. Sugimoto, J. Zhou, and Y. Chen (2003), A high-resolution numerical study of the Asian dust storms of April 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 8653, doi:10.1029/2002JD003178.
31. Liu, M., D. L. Westphal, A. L. Walker, T. R. Holt, K. A. Richardson, and S. D. Miller (2007), COAMPS real-time dust storm forecasting during Operation Iraqi freedom, Weather Forecasting, 22, 192-206.
32. Marticorena, B., and G. Bergametti (1995), Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,415-16,430.
33. McPeters, R. D., P. K. Bhartia, A. J. Krueger, J. R. Herman, C. G. Wellemeyer, C. J. Seftor, W. Byerly, and E. A. Celarier (2000), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) level-3 data products user's guide, NASA/TP-2000-209896, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
34. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S, A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,663-16,682.
35. Nickovic, S., and S. Dobricic (1996), A model for long-range transport of desert dust, Mon. Weather Rev., 124, 2537-2544.
36. Nickovic, S., G. Kallos, A. Papadopoulos, and O. Kakaliagou (2001), A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,113-18,130.
37. Perez, C., S. Nickovic, J. M. Baldasano, M. Sicard, F. Rocadenbosch, and V. E. Cachorro (2006), A long Saharan dust event over the western Mediterranean: Lidar, Sun photometer observations, and regional dust modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15241, doi:10.1029/2005JD006579.
38. Prospero, J. M., and T. N. Carlson (1972), Vertical and areal distribution of Saharan dust over the western equatorial North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5255-5265.
39. Prospero, J. M., P. Ginoux, O. Torres, S. E. Nicholson, and T. E. Gill (2002), Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys., 40(1), 1002, doi:10.1029/2000RG000095.
40. Reiff, J., G. S. Forbes, F. T. M. Spieksma, and J. J. Reynders (1986), African dust reaching northwestern Europe: A case study to verify trajectory calculations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1543-1567.
41. Rodriguez, S., X. Querol, A. Alastuey, G. Kallos, and O. Kakaliagou (2001), Saharan dust contributions to PM10 and TSP levels in southern and eastern Spain, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2433-2447.
42. Seaman, N. L. (2000), Meteorological modeling for air-quality assessments, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2231-2259.
43. Seigneur, C., B. Pun, K. Lohman, and S.-Y. Wu (2003), Regional modeling of the atmospheric fate and transport of benzene and diesel particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5236-5246.
44. Soil Survey Division Staff (1993), Soil survey manual, in Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.
45. Tegen, I., and I. Fung (1994), Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,897-22,914.
46. Wang, K. Y. (2007), Long-range transport of the April 2001 dust clouds over the subtropical East Asia and the North Pacific and its impacts on ground-level air pollution: A Lagrangian simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007789.
47. Washington, R. W., M. C. Todd, N. Middleton, and A. S. Goudie (2003), Dust-storm source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 93, 297-313.
48. Washington, R., et al. (2006), Links between topography, wind, deflation, lakes and dust: The case of the Bodélé Depression, Chad, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09401, doi:10.1029 /2006GL025827.
49. Westphal, D. L., O. B. Toon, and T. N. Carlson (1988), A case study of mobilization and tramport of Saharan dust, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2145-2175.
50. Wong, S., and A. E. Dessler (2005), Suppression of deep convection over the tropical North Atlantic by the Saharan air layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09808, doi:10.1029/2004GL022295.
51. Wu, L. G., S. A. Braun, J. J. Qu, and X. J. Hao (2006), Simulating the formation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with AIRS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04804, doi:10.1029/2005GL024665.