The 'when' parietal pathway explored by lesion studies

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 120-126

  Battelli, Lorella ^a,b,c   Walsh, Vincent ^d   Pascual Leone, Alvaro ^a   Cavanagh, Patrick ^b,e  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN FUNCTION; HUMAN; MOVEMENT PERCEPTION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEUROBIOLOGY; PARIETAL LOBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TIME; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VISION; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; BRAIN INJURIES; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; NERVE NET; PARIETAL LOBE; SPACE PERCEPTION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 52049119238     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.004     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Mauk M.D., and Buonomano D.V. The neural basis of temporal processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 27 (2004) 307-340
2. Battelli L., Pascual-Leone A., and Cavanagh P. The 'when' pathway of the right parietal lobe. Trends Cogn Sci 11 (2007) 204-210
3. Bueti D., Walsh V., Frith C., and Rees G. Different brain circuits underlie motor and perceptual representations of temporal intervals. J Cogn Neurosci 20 (2008) 204-214
4. Walsh V. A theory of magnitude: common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends Cogn Sci 7 (2003) 483-488. This paper presents a framework which begins by asking why numerical functions originate in the parietal cortex. It proposes common mechanism underlying the development of temporal, spatial and numerical mechanisms. Data are reviewed and many predictions given for future experiments in development, vision and temporal functions.
5. Burr D., Tozzi A., and Morrone M.C. Neural mechanisms for timing visual events are spatially selective in real-world coordinates. Nat Neurosci 10 (2007) 423-425. The authors report psychophysical data using an adaptation paradigm in which subjects were asked to adapt to a drifting grating and were subsequently tested on retinotopic or spatiotopic locations relative to the adapting stimulus location. They provide clear evidence that the timing of visual events in the milliseconds range is probably performed by neural mechanisms localized in spatiotopic coordinates.
6. Luo H., and Poeppel D. Phase patterns of neuronal responses reliably discriminate speech in human auditory cortex. Neuron 54 (2007) 1001-1010
7. Engineer C.T., Perez C.A., Chen Y.H., Carraway R.S., Reed A.C., Shetake J.A., Jakkamsetti V., Chang K.Q., and Kilgard M.P. Cortical activity patterns predict speech discrimination ability. Nat Neurosci 11 (2008) 603-608
8. Shinn-Cunningham B.G. Object-based auditory and visual attention. Trends Cogn Sci 12 (2008) 182-186
9. Downar J., Crawley A.P., Mikulis D.J., and Davis K.D. A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol 87 (2002) 615-620
10. Barrett H.C., and Kurzban R. Modularity in cognition: framing the debate. Psychol Rev 113 (2006) 628-647
11. Brewer A.A., Liu J., Wade A.R., and Wandell B.A. Visual field maps and stimulus selectivity in human ventral occipital cortex. Nat Neurosci 8 (2005) 1102-1109
12. Hasson U., Yang E., Vallines I., Heeger D.J., and Rubin N. A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in human cortex. J Neurosci 28 (2008) 2539-2550
13. Benjamins J.S., Hooge I.T., van der Smagt M.J., and Verstraten F.A. Disengaging attention sets the temporal limit of attentive tracking. Vision Res 47 (2007) 1055-1059
14. Kahneman D., Treisman A., and Gibbs B. The reviewing of object files: object-specific integration of information. Cognit Psychol 24 (1992) 175-219
15. Corbetta M., Patel G., and Shulman G.L. The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind. Neuron 58 (2008) 306-324
16. Martinez-Trujillo J.C., Cheyne D., Gaetz W., Simine E., and Tsotsos J.K. Activation of area MT/V5 and the right inferior parietal cortex during the discrimination of transient direction changes in translational motion. Cereb Cortex 17 (2007) 1733-1739. MEG responses were recorded while subjects made direction discrimination judgements on transient changes in a random dot pattern globally translating. Activity in both V5/MT and the right inferior parietal lobe was highly correlated with the motion processing and the direction change. The latency of this activity was similar in both areas and the authors discuss the sensory and attentional processes to which these areas contribute.
17. Kanai R., Paffen C.L., Hogendoorn H., and Verstraten F.A. Time dilation in dynamic visual display. J Vis 6 (2006) 1421-1430
18. Saalmann Y.B., Pigarev I.N., and Vidyasagar T.R. Neural mechanisms of visual attention: how top-down feedback highlights relevant locations. Science 316 (2007) 1612-1615
19. Motoyoshi I. Temporal freezing of visual features. Curr Biol 17 (2007) R404-R406
20. ••].
21. Leon M.I., and Shadlen M.N. Representation of time by neurons in the posterior parietal cortex of the macaque. Neuron 38 (2003) 317-327. This paper illustrates the coexistence of space and time in the parietal lobe. Monkeys were trained to make longer/shorter temporal judgements. Single unit responses, from LIP neurons defined according to their spatial response, fields showed activity that correlated with elapsed time (or time left) and the variability in the single unit responses correlated with the uncertainty in the monkeys' judgements.
22. Terao M., Watanabe J., Yagi A., and Nishida S. Reduction of stimulus visibility compresses apparent time intervals. Nat Neurosci 11 (2008) 541-542. This paper demonstrates the importance of transient components of the visual system in making temporal judgements. Subjects were presented with two flashes and required to make interval judgements. Reducing the visibility of the flashes caused subjects to underestimate the interval. Estimations were also less veridical when the flashes were paired with luminance flicker and when one of the flashes was of a higher spatial frequency (i.e. less salient to the transient system).
23. Pinto Y., Olviers C.N., and Theeuwes J. Selecting from dynamic environments: attention distinguishes between blinking and moving. Percept Psychophys 70 (2008) 166-178
24. Holcombe A.O., and Cavanagh P. Independent, synchronous access to color and motion features. Cognition 107 (2008) 552-580
25. Hommel B., Kessler K., Schmitz F., Gross J., Akyurek E., Shapiro K., and Schnitzler A. How the brain blinks: towards a neurocognitive model of the attentional blink. Psychol Res 70 (2006) 425-435
26. Sheppard D.M., Duncan J., Shapiro K.L., and Hillstrom A.P. Objects and events in the attentional blink. Psychol Sci 13 (2002) 410-415
27. Nieuwenhuis S., Jepma M., Fors S.L., and Olivers C.N. The role of the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in the attentional blink. Brain Cogn (2008)
28. Gross J., Schmitz F., Schnitzler I., Kessler K., Shapiro K., Hommel B., and Schnitzler A. Anticipatory control of long-range phase synchronization. Eur J Neurosci 24 (2006) 2057-2060
29. Marois R., Chun M.M., and Gore J.C. Neural correlates of the attentional blink. Neuron 28 (2000) 299-308
30. VanRullen R. The continuous Wagon Wheel Illusion is object-based. Vision Res 46 (2006) 4091-4095
31. •]).
32. VanRullen R, Reddy L, Koch C: A motion illusion revealing the temporally discrete nature of awareness. In Space and Time in Perception and Action. Edited by Nijhawan R. Cambridge University Press; in press.
33. VanRullen R., Pascual-Leone A., and Battelli L. The continuous wagon wheel illusion and the when pathway of the right parietal lobe: a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. PLoS ONE 3 8 (2008) e2911
34. Battelli L., Cavanagh P., Martini P., and Barton J.J. Bilateral deficits of transient visual attention in right parietal patients. Brain 126 (2003) 2164-2174. Patients with a right IPL lesion showed a bilateral deficit in a purely visual timing task requiring the subjects to compare visual transients. Lower level visual functions tested with the same stimuli were normal. This study is a demonstration of a selective deficit of the 'when' pathway.
35. Critchley M. The Parietal Lobes (1953), Edward Arnold, London
36. Karmarkar U.R., and Buonomano D.V. Timing in the absence of clocks: encoding time in neural network states. Neuron 53 (2007) 427-438
37. Shapiro K., Hillstrom A.P., and Husain M. Control of visuotemporal attention by inferior parietal and superior temporal cortex. Curr Biol 12 (2002) 1320-1325. This study shows that patients with IPL and STG damage are impaired on an attentional blink task. The study is an example of a non spatial attention deficit in such patients. Although the study is cited as an example of "temporal attention" it is more parsimoniously interpreted as evidence that these patients are slower on an object attention task since time is not variable the patients judge.
38. Van Vleet T.M., and Robertson L.C. Cross-modal interactions in time and space: auditory influence on visual attention in hemispatial neglect. J Cogn Neurosci 18 (2006) 1368-1379
39. Olivers C.N., and Humphreys G.W. Spatiotemporal segregation in visual search: evidence from parietal lesions. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 30 (2004) 667-688
40. Vallesi A., Shallice T., and Walsh V. Role of the prefrontal cortex in the foreperiod effect: TMS evidence for dual mechanisms in temporal preparation. Cereb Cortex 17 (2007) 466-474
41. Bonneh Y.S., Pavlovskaya M., Ring H., and Soroker N. Abnormal binocular rivalry in unilateral neglect: evidence for a non-spatial mechanism of extinction. Neuroreport 15 (2004) 473-477
42. Ivry R.B. The representation of temporal information in perception and motor control. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6 (1996) 851-857
43. Ivry R.B., and Spencer R.M. The neural representation of time. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14 (2004) 225-232
44. Ghose G.M., and Maunsell J.H. Attentional modulation in visual cortex depends on task timing. Nature 419 (2002) 616-620
45. Alexander I., Cowey A., and Walsh V. The right parietal cortex and time perception: back to Critchley and the Zeitraffer phenomenon. Cognitive Neuropsychol 22 (2005) 306-315
46. Bueti D, Van Dongen EV, Walsh V: The role of superior temporal cortex in auditory timing. PLoS ONE in press.
47. Bueti D., Bahrami B., and Walsh V. Sensory and association cortex in time perception. J Cogn Neurosci 20 (2008) 1054-1062
48. Koch G., Oliveri M., Torriero S., and Caltagirone C. Underestimation of time perception after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 60 (2003) 1844-1846
49. Oliveri M., Vicario C.M., Salerno S., Koch G., Turriziani P., Mangano R., Chillemi G., and Caltagirone C. Perceiving numbers alters time perception. Neurosci Lett 438 3 (2008) 308-311
50. Mevorach C., Humphreys G.W., and Shalev L. Opposite biases in salience-based selection for the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci 9 (2006) 740-742
51. Becchio C., and Bertone C. Time and neglect: abnormal temporal dynamics in unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia 44 (2006) 2775-2782
52. Danckert J., Ferber S., Pun C., Broderick C., Striemer C., Rock S., and Stewart D. Neglected time: impaired temporal perception of multisecond intervals in unilateral neglect. J Cogn Neurosci 19 (2007) 1706-1720
53. Basso G., Nichelli P., Frassinetti F., and di Pellegrino G. Time perception in a neglected space. Neuroreport 7 (1996) 2111-2114
54. Schiller P.H., and Chou I. The effects of anterior arcuate and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions on visually guided eye movements. 2. Paired and multiple targets. Vision Res 40 (2000) 1627-1638
55. Fendrich R, Corballis PM: The temporal cross-capture of audition and vision. Percept Psychophys 2001, 63:719-725(7).
56. Vroomen J., Keetels M., de Gelder B., and Bertelson P. Recalibration of temporal order perception by exposure to audio-visual asynchrony. Cogn Brain Res 22 (2004) 32-35
57. Aschersleben G., and Bertelson P. Temporal ventriloquism: crossmodal interaction on the time dimension. 2. Evidence from sensorimotor synchronization. Int J Psychophysiol 50 (2003) 157-163
58. Frassinetti F., Bolognini N., Bottari D., Bonora A., and Làdavas E. Audiovisual integration in patients with visual deficit. J Cogn Neurosci 17 9 (2005) 1442-1452. This paper is important for its demonstration that patients with hemianopia or neglect but not both can benefit from spatially congruent auditory cues presented with visual stimuli. This kind of enhancement of perception remains to be introduced to temporal aspects for perception.
59. Frassinetti F., Pavani F., and Làdavas E. Acoustical vision of neglected stimuli: interaction among spatially converging audiovisual inputs in neglect patients. J Cogn Neurosci 14 (2002) 62-69
60. Wearden J.H., Edwards H., Fakhri M., and Percival A. Why "sounds are judged longer than lights": application of a model of the internal clock in humans. Q J Exp Psychol B 51 (1998) 97-120
61. Maimon G., and Assad J.A. A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in macaque LIP. Nat Neurosci 9 (2006) 948-955