메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 863-874

Genetic diversity and structure in Canadian northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) populations: Implications for reintroduction programs

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTION; FROG; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC STRUCTURE; GENETIC VARIATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION DECLINE; POPULATION GENETICS; REINTRODUCTION; TRANSLOCATION;

EID: 49249095010     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Z08-062     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 49249132051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2003. Status of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Alberta: update 2003. Wildlife Status Report No. 9 (update 2003). Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton.
    • Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2003. Status of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Alberta: update 2003. Wildlife Status Report No. 9 (update 2003). Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton.
  • 3
    • 0033119415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of gene flow and population genetic structure in the canyon treefrog, Hyla arenicolor (Cope)
    • PMID: 10327657, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00594.x
    • Barber, P.H. 1999. Patterns of gene flow and population genetic structure in the canyon treefrog, Hyla arenicolor (Cope). Mol. Ecol. 8: 563-576. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00594.x. PMID: 10327657.
    • (1999) Mol. Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 563-576
    • Barber, P.H.1
  • 4
    • 0033836941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of natterjack toad Bufo calamita Laurenti populations: Consequences of dispersal from a Pleistocene refugium
    • doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0368
    • Beebee, T.J.C., and Rowe, G. 2000. Microsatellite analysis of natterjack toad Bufo calamita Laurenti populations: consequences of dispersal from a Pleistocene refugium. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 69: 367-381. doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0368.
    • (2000) Biol. J. Linn. Soc , vol.69 , pp. 367-381
    • Beebee, T.J.C.1    Rowe, G.2
  • 5
    • 0025683675 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting population fluctuations in larval and adult stages of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
    • doi:10.2307/1938295
    • Berven, K.A. 1990. Factors affecting population fluctuations in larval and adult stages of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Ecology, 71: 1599-1608. doi:10.2307/1938295.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1599-1608
    • Berven, K.A.1
  • 6
    • 0028179762 scopus 로고
    • Amphibian declines: Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1994.08010060.x
    • Blaustein, A.R., Wake, D.B., and Sousa, W.P. 1994. Amphibian declines: judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conserv. Biol. 8: 60-71. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1994.08010060.x.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 60-71
    • Blaustein, A.R.1    Wake, D.B.2    Sousa, W.P.3
  • 7
    • 0000539189 scopus 로고
    • Allotropic distribution of native frogs and introduced fishes in high Sierra Nevada lakes of California: Implication of the negative effect of fish introductions
    • doi:10.2307/1445515
    • Bradford, D.F. 1989. Allotropic distribution of native frogs and introduced fishes in high Sierra Nevada lakes of California: implication of the negative effect of fish introductions. Copeia, 1989: 775-778. doi:10.2307/1445515.
    • (1989) Copeia, 1989 , pp. 775-778
    • Bradford, D.F.1
  • 8
    • 33749852794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, with implications for conservation
    • PMID:17032271, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03055.x
    • Canestrelli, D., Cimmaruta, R., Costantini, V., and Nascetti, G. 2006. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, with implications for conservation. Mol. Ecol. 15: 3741-3754. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03055.x. PMID:17032271.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 3741-3754
    • Canestrelli, D.1    Cimmaruta, R.2    Costantini, V.3    Nascetti, G.4
  • 9
    • 0001583385 scopus 로고
    • Saving endangered species by translocation: Are we tinkering with evolution?
    • doi:10.2307/1310848
    • Conant, S. 1988. Saving endangered species by translocation: are we tinkering with evolution? BioScience, 38: 254-257. doi:10.2307/1310848.
    • (1988) BioScience , vol.38 , pp. 254-257
    • Conant, S.1
  • 10
    • 33747078134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian identification of admixture events using multilocus molecular markers
    • PMID:16911204, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02994.x
    • Corander, J., and Marttinen, P. 2006. Bayesian identification of admixture events using multilocus molecular markers. Mol. Ecol. 15: 2833-2843. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02994.x. PMID:16911204.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 2833-2843
    • Corander, J.1    Marttinen, P.2
  • 11
    • 0000487952 scopus 로고
    • Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado
    • doi:10.2307/1563742
    • Corn, P.S., and Fogleman, J.C. 1984. Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado. J. Herpetol. 18: 147-152. doi:10.2307/1563742.
    • (1984) J. Herpetol , vol.18 , pp. 147-152
    • Corn, P.S.1    Fogleman, J.C.2
  • 12
    • 0030478757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data
    • PMID:8978083
    • Cornuet, J.M., and Luikart, G. 1996. Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data. Genetics, 144: 2001-2014. PMID:8978083.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 2001-2014
    • Cornuet, J.M.1    Luikart, G.2
  • 14
    • 0031434578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recovery program for the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in Britain
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1997.96318.x
    • Denton, J.S., Hitchings, S.P., Beebee, T.J.C., and Gent, A. 1997. A recovery program for the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in Britain. Conserv. Biol. 11: 1329-1338. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1997.96318.x.
    • (1997) Conserv. Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1329-1338
    • Denton, J.S.1    Hitchings, S.P.2    Beebee, T.J.C.3    Gent, A.4
  • 16
    • 0000026987 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of recently metamorphosed leopard frogs, Rana pipiens
    • doi:10.2307/1442821
    • Dole, J.W. 1971. Dispersal of recently metamorphosed leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Copeia, 1971: 221-228. doi:10.2307/1442821.
    • (1971) Copeia, 1971 , pp. 221-228
    • Dole, J.W.1
  • 17
    • 0031698227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of the frogs Geocrinia lutea and Geocrinia rosea reflects extreme population divergence and range changes, not dispersal barriers
    • doi:10.2307/2411244
    • Driscoll, D.A. 1998. Genetic structure of the frogs Geocrinia lutea and Geocrinia rosea reflects extreme population divergence and range changes, not dispersal barriers. Evolution, 52: 1147-1157. doi:10.2307/2411244.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Driscoll, D.A.1
  • 18
    • 21244479740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: A simulation study
    • PMID:15969739, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x
    • Evanno, G., Regnaut, S., and Goudet, J. 2005. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol. Ecol. 14: 2611-2620. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x. PMID:15969739.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 2611-2620
    • Evanno, G.1    Regnaut, S.2    Goudet, J.3
  • 19
    • 0033915720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the published results of animal relocations
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00048-3
    • Fischer, J., and Lindenmayer, D.B. 2000. An assessment of the published results of animal relocations. Biol. Conserv. 96: 1-11. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00048-3.
    • (2000) Biol. Conserv , vol.96 , pp. 1-11
    • Fischer, J.1    Lindenmayer, D.B.2
  • 21
    • 0028974717 scopus 로고
    • Population history, genetic variability, and horn growth in bighorn sheep
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1995.9020314.x
    • Fitzsimmons, N.N., Buskirk, S.W., and Smith, M.H. 1995. Population history, genetic variability, and horn growth in bighorn sheep. Conserv. Biol. 9: 314-323. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 1995.9020314.x.
    • (1995) Conserv. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 314-323
    • Fitzsimmons, N.N.1    Buskirk, S.W.2    Smith, M.H.3
  • 22
    • 13444291748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape
    • PMID:15660939, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02426.x
    • Funk, W.C., Blouin, M.S., Corn, P.S., Maxell, B.A., Pilliod, D.S., Amish, S., and Allendorf, F.W. 2005. Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape. Mol. Ecol. 14: 483-496. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02426.x. PMID:15660939.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 483-496
    • Funk, W.C.1    Blouin, M.S.2    Corn, P.S.3    Maxell, B.A.4    Pilliod, D.S.5    Amish, S.6    Allendorf, F.W.7
  • 23
    • 0035076168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci
    • PMID:11298947, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01190.x
    • Garza, J.C., and Williamson, E.G. 2001. Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci. Mol. Ecol. 10: 305-318. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01190.x. PMID:11298947.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 305-318
    • Garza, J.C.1    Williamson, E.G.2
  • 24
    • 0032566576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and distribution in a microecosystem
    • PMID:9748167, doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2045
    • Gonzalez, A., Lawton, J.H., Gilbert, F.S., Blackburn, T.M., and Evans-Freke, I. 1998. Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and distribution in a microecosystem. Science (Washington, D.C.), 281: 2045-2047. doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2045. PMID:9748167.
    • (1998) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.281 , pp. 2045-2047
    • Gonzalez, A.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Gilbert, F.S.3    Blackburn, T.M.4    Evans-Freke, I.5
  • 25
    • 85007320774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT version 1.2, a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86: 485-486
    • Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT (version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86: 485-486.
  • 26
    • 0024928186 scopus 로고
    • Translocation as a species conservation tool - status and strategy
    • PMID:17750257, doi:10.1126/science. 245.4917.477
    • Griffith, B., Scott, J.M., Carpenter, J.W., and Reed, C. 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool - status and strategy. Science (Washington, D.C.), 245: 477-480. doi:10.1126/science. 245.4917.477. PMID:17750257.
    • (1989) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.245 , pp. 477-480
    • Griffith, B.1    Scott, J.M.2    Carpenter, J.W.3    Reed, C.4
  • 27
    • 28344432025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENELAND: A computer package for landscape genetics
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01031.x
    • Guillot, G., Mortier, F., and Estoup, A. 2005. GENELAND: a computer package for landscape genetics. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 5: 712-715. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01031.x.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. Notes , vol.5 , pp. 712-715
    • Guillot, G.1    Mortier, F.2    Estoup, A.3
  • 28
    • 35548933043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding linked to amphibian survival in the wild but not in the laboratory
    • PMID:16957048, doi:10.1093/jhered/esl019
    • Halverson, M.A., Skelly, D.K., and Caccone, A. 2006. Inbreeding linked to amphibian survival in the wild but not in the laboratory. J. Hered. 97: 499-507. doi:10.1093/jhered/esl019. PMID:16957048.
    • (2006) J. Hered , vol.97 , pp. 499-507
    • Halverson, M.A.1    Skelly, D.K.2    Caccone, A.3
  • 29
    • 0034090730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of supplementation in winter-run chinook salmon on effective population size
    • PMID:10768123, doi:10. 1093/jhered/91.2.112
    • Hedrick, P.W., Hedgecock, D., Hamelberg, S., and Croci, S.J. 2000. The impact of supplementation in winter-run chinook salmon on effective population size. J. Hered. 91: 112-116. doi:10. 1093/jhered/91.2.112. PMID:10768123.
    • (2000) J. Hered , vol.91 , pp. 112-116
    • Hedrick, P.W.1    Hedgecock, D.2    Hamelberg, S.3    Croci, S.J.4
  • 30
    • 0029860602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation
    • doi:10.1006/bijl.1996.0035
    • Hewitt, G.M. 1996. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 58: 247-276. doi:10.1006/bijl.1996.0035.
    • (1996) Biol. J. Linn. Soc , vol.58 , pp. 247-276
    • Hewitt, G.M.1
  • 31
    • 0032822582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota
    • doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0332
    • Hewitt, G.M. 1999. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 87-112. doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0332.
    • (1999) Biol. J. Linn. Soc , vol.68 , pp. 87-112
    • Hewitt, G.M.1
  • 33
    • 0942278757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical data refute recent range contraction as cause of low genetic diversity in isolated frog populations
    • PMID:14717886, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02057. x
    • Hoffman, E.A., and Blouin, M.S. 2004a. Historical data refute recent range contraction as cause of low genetic diversity in isolated frog populations. Mol. Ecol. 13: 271-276. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02057. x. PMID:14717886.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 271-276
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    Blouin, M.S.2
  • 34
    • 0942273212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary history of the northern leopard frog: Reconstruction of phylogeny, phylogeography, and historical changes in population demography from mitochondrial DNA
    • PMID:15058727, doi:10.1554/02-584
    • Hoffman, E.A., and Blouin, M.S. 2004b. Evolutionary history of the northern leopard frog: reconstruction of phylogeny, phylogeography, and historical changes in population demography from mitochondrial DNA. Evolution, 58: 145-159. doi:10.1554/02-584. PMID:15058727.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 145-159
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    Blouin, M.S.2
  • 35
    • 0037344550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)
    • doi:10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00371.x
    • Hoffman, E.A., Ardren, W.R., and Blouin, M.S. 2003. Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Mol. Ecol. Notes, 3: 115-116. doi:10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00371.x.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol. Notes , vol.3 , pp. 115-116
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    Ardren, W.R.2    Blouin, M.S.3
  • 36
    • 9244242610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective population sizes and temporal stability of genetic structure in Rana pipiens, the northern leopard frog
    • PMID:15612296, doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00882.x
    • Hoffman, E.A., Schueler, F.W., and Blouin, M.S. 2004. Effective population sizes and temporal stability of genetic structure in Rana pipiens, the northern leopard frog. Evolution, 58: 2536-2545. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00882.x. PMID:15612296.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2536-2545
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    Schueler, F.W.2    Blouin, M.S.3
  • 37
    • 0033427602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of pairwise genetic and geographic distance measures: Inferring the relative influences of gene flow and drift on the distribution of genetic variability
    • Hutchinson, D.W., and Templeton, A.R. 1999. Correlation of pairwise genetic and geographic distance measures: inferring the relative influences of gene flow and drift on the distribution of genetic variability. Evolution, 53: 1898-1914.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1898-1914
    • Hutchinson, D.W.1    Templeton, A.R.2
  • 38
    • 85047679528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion
    • doi:10.1038/hdy.1996.142
    • Ibrahim, K.M., Nichols, R.A., and Hewitt, G.M. 1996. Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion. Heredity, 77: 282-291. doi:10.1038/hdy.1996.142.
    • (1996) Heredity , vol.77 , pp. 282-291
    • Ibrahim, K.M.1    Nichols, R.A.2    Hewitt, G.M.3
  • 39
    • 4344587730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of soil composition and hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus)
    • PMID:15325468, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.005
    • James, S.M., Little, E.E., and Semlitsch, R.D. 2004. The effect of soil composition and hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus). Environ. Pollut. 132: 523-532. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.005. PMID:15325468.
    • (2004) Environ. Pollut , vol.132 , pp. 523-532
    • James, S.M.1    Little, E.E.2    Semlitsch, R.D.3
  • 40
    • 18544383472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary gene flow and the spatio-temporal genetic structure of subdivided newt populations (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus)
    • PMID:15842491, doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00864.x
    • Jehle, R., Wilson, G.A., Arntzen, J.W., and Burke, T. 2005a. Contemporary gene flow and the spatio-temporal genetic structure of subdivided newt populations (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus). J. Evol. Biol. 18: 619-628. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00864.x. PMID:15842491.
    • (2005) J. Evol. Biol , vol.18 , pp. 619-628
    • Jehle, R.1    Wilson, G.A.2    Arntzen, J.W.3    Burke, T.4
  • 41
    • 19944368432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineating finescale genetic units in amphibians: Probing the primacy of ponds
    • doi:10.1007/s10592-004-7832-8
    • Jehle, R., Burke, T., and Arntzen, J.W. 2005b. Delineating finescale genetic units in amphibians: probing the primacy of ponds. Conserv. Genet. 6: 227-234. doi:10.1007/s10592-004-7832-8.
    • (2005) Conserv. Genet , vol.6 , pp. 227-234
    • Jehle, R.1    Burke, T.2    Arntzen, J.W.3
  • 42
    • 25444495255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation by distance, web service
    • PMID:15760479, doi:10.1186/1471-2156-6-13
    • Jensen, J.L., Bohonak, A.J., and Kelley, S.T. 2005. Isolation by distance, web service. BMC Genet. 6: 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-6-13. PMID:15760479.
    • (2005) BMC Genet , vol.6 , pp. 13
    • Jensen, J.L.1    Bohonak, A.J.2    Kelley, S.T.3
  • 43
    • 49249091506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kendell, K. 2002. Alberta inventory for the northern leopard frog (2000/2001). Alberta species at risk report No. 44. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Edmonton.
    • Kendell, K. 2002. Alberta inventory for the northern leopard frog (2000/2001). Alberta species at risk report No. 44. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Edmonton.
  • 45
    • 84908012860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Northern Leopard Survey, 2005
    • Tech. Rep. D-2006-000. Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton
    • Kendell, K., Stevens, S., and Prescott, D. 2007. Alberta Northern Leopard Survey, 2005. Tech. Rep. D-2006-000. Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton.
    • (2007)
    • Kendell, K.1    Stevens, S.2    Prescott, D.3
  • 46
    • 0030209412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAPD marker estimation of genetic structure among isolated northern leopard frog populations in the south-western USA
    • PMID:8794561, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00344.x
    • Kimberling, D.N., Ferreira, A.R., Shuster, S.M., and Keim, P. 1996. RAPD marker estimation of genetic structure among isolated northern leopard frog populations in the south-western USA. Mol. Ecol. 5: 521-529. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00344.x. PMID:8794561.
    • (1996) Mol. Ecol , vol.5 , pp. 521-529
    • Kimberling, D.N.1    Ferreira, A.R.2    Shuster, S.M.3    Keim, P.4
  • 47
    • 0031543851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations
    • doi:10.2307/1382885
    • Lacy, R.C. 1997. Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations. J. Mammal. 78: 320-335. doi:10.2307/1382885.
    • (1997) J. Mammal , vol.78 , pp. 320-335
    • Lacy, R.C.1
  • 49
    • 0345099446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale genetic pattern and evidence for sex-biased dispersal in the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus
    • PMID:14629349, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02016.x
    • Lampert, K.P., Rand, A.S., Mueller, U.G., and Ryan, M.J. 2003. Fine-scale genetic pattern and evidence for sex-biased dispersal in the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Mol. Ecol. 12: 3325-3334. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02016.x. PMID:14629349.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 3325-3334
    • Lampert, K.P.1    Rand, A.S.2    Mueller, U.G.3    Ryan, M.J.4
  • 50
    • 0028150486 scopus 로고
    • An altered amphibian assemblage: Dickson County, Iowa, 70 years after Frank Blanchard's survey
    • doi:10.2307/2426257
    • Lannoo, M.K., Lang, K., Waltz, T., and Philips, G.S. 1994. An altered amphibian assemblage: Dickson County, Iowa, 70 years after Frank Blanchard's survey. Am. Midl. Nat. 131: 311-319. doi:10.2307/2426257.
    • (1994) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.131 , pp. 311-319
    • Lannoo, M.K.1    Lang, K.2    Waltz, T.3    Philips, G.S.4
  • 51
    • 33646676090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing hybridization in wildlife populations using molecular markers: A case study in wild turkeys
    • doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006) 70[485:AHIWPU]2.0.CO;2
    • Latch, E.K., Harveson, L.A., King, J.S., Hobson, M.D., and Rhodes, O.E. 2006. Assessing hybridization in wildlife populations using molecular markers: a case study in wild turkeys. J. Wildl. Manag. 70: 485-492. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006) 70[485:AHIWPU]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2006) J. Wildl. Manag , vol.70 , pp. 485-492
    • Latch, E.K.1    Harveson, L.A.2    King, J.S.3    Hobson, M.D.4    Rhodes, O.E.5
  • 52
    • 0036532087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the limits to natural selection
    • doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02497-7
    • Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 183-189. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02497-7.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.17 , pp. 183-189
    • Lenormand, T.1
  • 53
    • 0012515097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey and assessment of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) populations in Washington State
    • doi:10.2307/3536929
    • Leonard, W.P., McAllister, K.R., and Friesz, R.C. 1999. Survey and assessment of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) populations in Washington State. Northwest. Nat. 80: 51-60. doi:10.2307/3536929.
    • (1999) Northwest. Nat , vol.80 , pp. 51-60
    • Leonard, W.P.1    McAllister, K.R.2    Friesz, R.C.3
  • 54
    • 26844523533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asynchronous arrival pattern, operational sex ratio and occurrence of multiple paternities in a territorial breeding anuran, Rana dalmatina
    • doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00521.x
    • Lode, T., Holveck, M.J., and Lesbarreres, D. 2005. Asynchronous arrival pattern, operational sex ratio and occurrence of multiple paternities in a territorial breeding anuran, Rana dalmatina. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86: 191-200. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00521.x.
    • (2005) Biol. J. Linn. Soc , vol.86 , pp. 191-200
    • Lode, T.1    Holveck, M.J.2    Lesbarreres, D.3
  • 55
    • 0000354417 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the estimated and the effective size of breeding populations of the leopard frog
    • doi:10.2307/2406526
    • Merrell, D.J. 1968. A comparison of the estimated and the effective size of breeding populations of the leopard frog. Evolution, 22: 274-283. doi:10.2307/2406526.
    • (1968) Evolution , vol.22 , pp. 274-283
    • Merrell, D.J.1
  • 56
    • 49249088665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merrell, D.J. 1977. Life history of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in Minnesota. Occas. Pap. 15. Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
    • Merrell, D.J. 1977. Life history of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in Minnesota. Occas. Pap. 15. Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
  • 57
    • 15944421257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of an insecticide with larval density in pond-breeding salamanders (Ambystoma)
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01342.x
    • Metts, B.S., Hopkins, W.A., and Nestor, J.P. 2005. Interaction of an insecticide with larval density in pond-breeding salamanders (Ambystoma). Freshw. Biol. 50: 685-696. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01342.x.
    • (2005) Freshw. Biol , vol.50 , pp. 685-696
    • Metts, B.S.1    Hopkins, W.A.2    Nestor, J.P.3
  • 58
    • 0345530943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure in a montane ranid frog: Restricted gene flow and nuclear-mitochondrial discordance
    • PMID:14629345, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02001.x
    • Monsen, K.J., and Blouin, M.S. 2003. Genetic structure in a montane ranid frog: restricted gene flow and nuclear-mitochondrial discordance. Mol. Ecol. 12: 3275-3286. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02001.x. PMID:14629345.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 3275-3286
    • Monsen, K.J.1    Blouin, M.S.2
  • 59
    • 23944517719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme isolation by distance in a montane frog Rana cascadae
    • doi:10.1007/s10592-004-1981-z
    • Monsen, K.J., and Blouin, M.S. 2004. Extreme isolation by distance in a montane frog Rana cascadae. Conserv. Genet. 5: 827-835. doi:10.1007/s10592-004-1981-z.
    • (2004) Conserv. Genet , vol.5 , pp. 827-835
    • Monsen, K.J.1    Blouin, M.S.2
  • 60
    • 0034999782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite variation and fine-scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
    • PMID:11380868, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01255.x
    • Newman, R.A., and Squire, T. 2001. Microsatellite variation and fine-scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Mol. Ecol. 10: 1087-1100. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01255.x. PMID:11380868.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 1087-1100
    • Newman, R.A.1    Squire, T.2
  • 61
    • 0026310128 scopus 로고
    • Case study of a population bottleneck - lions of the Ngorongoro Crater
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739. 1991.tb00127.x
    • Packer, C., Pusey, A.E., Rowley, H., Gilbert, D.A., Martenson, J., and O'Brien, S.J. 1991. Case study of a population bottleneck - lions of the Ngorongoro Crater. Conserv. Biol. 5: 219-230. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739. 1991.tb00127.x.
    • (1991) Conserv. Biol , vol.5 , pp. 219-230
    • Packer, C.1    Pusey, A.E.2    Rowley, H.3    Gilbert, D.A.4    Martenson, J.5    O'Brien, S.J.6
  • 62
    • 3042701945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evaluation of a proposed introduction: The case of the greater prairie chicken and the extinct heath hen
    • PMID:15189201, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02181.x
    • Palkovacs, E.P., Oppenheimer, A.J., Gladyshev, E., Toepfer, J.E., Amato, G., Chase, T., and Caccone, A. 2004. Genetic evaluation of a proposed introduction: the case of the greater prairie chicken and the extinct heath hen. Mol. Ecol. 13: 1759-1769. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02181.x. PMID:15189201.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 1759-1769
    • Palkovacs, E.P.1    Oppenheimer, A.J.2    Gladyshev, E.3    Toepfer, J.E.4    Amato, G.5    Chase, T.6    Caccone, A.7
  • 63
    • 33644871292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENALEX 6: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
    • Peakall, R., and Smouse, P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 6: 288-295. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. Notes , vol.6 , pp. 288-295
    • Peakall, R.1    Smouse, P.E.2
  • 64
    • 0031856979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96489.x
    • Petit, R.J., El Mousadik, A., and Pons, O. 1998. Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conserv. Biol. 12: 844-855. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96489.x.
    • (1998) Conserv. Biol , vol.12 , pp. 844-855
    • Petit, R.J.1    El Mousadik, A.2    Pons, O.3
  • 65
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • PMID:10835412
    • Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., and Donnelly, P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155: 945-959 PMID:10835412.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 66
    • 49249125051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raymond, M, and Rousset, F. 1995. GENEPOP version 1.2, population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86: 248-249
    • Raymond, M., and Rousset, F. 1995. GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86: 248-249.
  • 67
    • 0037329527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 2003.01236.x
    • Reed, D.H., and Frankham, R. 2003. Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity. Conserv. Biol. 17: 230-237. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739. 2003.01236.x.
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 230-237
    • Reed, D.H.1    Frankham, R.2
  • 68
    • 0030304977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction by hybridization and introgression
    • doi:10.1146/annurev. ecolsys.27.1.83
    • Rhymer, J.M., and Simberloff, D. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27: 83-109. doi:10.1146/annurev. ecolsys.27.1.83.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.27 , pp. 83-109
    • Rhymer, J.M.1    Simberloff, D.2
  • 69
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing tables of statistical tests
    • doi:10.2307/2409177
    • Rice, W.R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution, 43: 223-225. doi:10.2307/2409177.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 70
    • 0003239995 scopus 로고
    • What happened to the leopard frog? Alta
    • Roberts, W.E. 1981. What happened to the leopard frog? Alta. Nat. 11: 1-4.
    • (1981) Nat , vol.11 , pp. 1-4
    • Roberts, W.E.1
  • 71
    • 49249133463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roberts, W.E. 1987. The northern leopard frog - endangered in Alberta. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Endangered Species in the Prairie Provinces. Edited by G.L. Holroyd, W.B. McGillivray, P.H.R. Stepney, D.M. Ealey, G.C. Trottier, and K.E. Ederhart. Occas. Pap. 9. Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History, Edmonton. pp. 137-138.
    • Roberts, W.E. 1987. The northern leopard frog - endangered in Alberta. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Endangered Species in the Prairie Provinces. Edited by G.L. Holroyd, W.B. McGillivray, P.H.R. Stepney, D.M. Ealey, G.C. Trottier, and K.E. Ederhart. Occas. Pap. 9. Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History, Edmonton. pp. 137-138.
  • 72
    • 0002073135 scopus 로고
    • The consequences of demographic reduction and genetic depletion in the endangered Florida Panther
    • PMID:15335727, doi:10. 1016/0960-9822(93)90197-V
    • Roelke, M.E., Martenson, J.S., and O'Brien, S.J. 1993. The consequences of demographic reduction and genetic depletion in the endangered Florida Panther. Curr. Biol. 3: 340-350. doi:10. 1016/0960-9822(93)90197-V. PMID:15335727.
    • (1993) Curr. Biol , vol.3 , pp. 340-350
    • Roelke, M.E.1    Martenson, J.S.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 73
    • 49249109554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Romanchuk, K.A., and Quinlan, R.W. 2006. Magrath northern leopard frog reintroduction project: final report. Alberta species at risk report No. 104. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Edmonton.
    • Romanchuk, K.A., and Quinlan, R.W. 2006. Magrath northern leopard frog reintroduction project: final report. Alberta species at risk report No. 104. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Edmonton.
  • 74
    • 33846909822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining population boundaries: Use of three Bayesian approaches with microsatellite data from British natterjack toads (Bufo calamita)
    • PMID:17284211, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03188.x
    • Rowe, G., and Beebee, T.J.C. 2007. Defining population boundaries: use of three Bayesian approaches with microsatellite data from British natterjack toads (Bufo calamita). Mol. Ecol. 16: 785-796. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03188.x. PMID:17284211.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 785-796
    • Rowe, G.1    Beebee, T.J.C.2
  • 75
    • 0028052512 scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis of black-footed ferret reintroduction
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010263.x
    • Russell, W.C., Thorne, E.T., Oakleaf, R., and Ballou, J.D. 1994. The genetic basis of black-footed ferret reintroduction. Conserv. Biol. 8: 263-266. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010263.x.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 263-266
    • Russell, W.C.1    Thorne, E.T.2    Oakleaf, R.3    Ballou, J.D.4
  • 77
    • 0034004061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic approach to releasing adults versus young in reintroductions
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.97305.x
    • Sarrazin, F., and Legendre, S. 2000. Demographic approach to releasing adults versus young in reintroductions. Conserv. Biol. 14: 488-500. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.97305.x.
    • (2000) Conserv. Biol , vol.14 , pp. 488-500
    • Sarrazin, F.1    Legendre, S.2
  • 78
    • 0031214923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci
    • PMID:9262012, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997. 00238.x
    • Scribner, K.T., Arntzen, J.W., and Burke, T. 1997. Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci. Mol. Ecol. 6: 701-712. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997. 00238.x. PMID:9262012.
    • (1997) Mol. Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 701-712
    • Scribner, K.T.1    Arntzen, J.W.2    Burke, T.3
  • 79
    • 49249084298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COSEWIC status report on the northern leopard frog
    • Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, Ont
    • Seburn, C.N.L., and Seburn, D.C. 1998. COSEWIC status report on the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in Canada (western population). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, Ont.
    • (1998) Rana pipiens, in Canada (western population)
    • Seburn, C.N.L.1    Seburn, D.C.2
  • 80
    • 0004376791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) dispersal in relation to habitat
    • Amphibians in decline: Canadian studies of a global problem. Edited by D.M. Green, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Mo. pp
    • Seburn, C.N.L., Seburn, D.C., and Paszkowski, C.A. 1997. Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) dispersal in relation to habitat. In Amphibians in decline: Canadian studies of a global problem. Edited by D.M. Green. Herpetological conservation. Vol. 1. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Mo. pp. 64-72.
    • (1997) Herpetological conservation , vol.1 , pp. 64-72
    • Seburn, C.N.L.1    Seburn, D.C.2    Paszkowski, C.A.3
  • 81
    • 33947510974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing the science of reintroduction biology
    • PMID:17391180, doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00627.x
    • Seddon, P.J., Armstrong, D.P., and Maloney, R.F. 2007. Developing the science of reintroduction biology. Conserv. Biol. 21: 303-312. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00627.x. PMID:17391180.
    • (2007) Conserv. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 303-312
    • Seddon, P.J.1    Armstrong, D.P.2    Maloney, R.F.3
  • 82
    • 0032930187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of island populations of the anurans Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo
    • PMID:10336706, doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6884900
    • Seppa, P., and Laurila, A. 1999. Genetic structure of island populations of the anurans Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo. Heredity, 82: 309-317. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6884900. PMID:10336706.
    • (1999) Heredity , vol.82 , pp. 309-317
    • Seppa, P.1    Laurila, A.2
  • 83
    • 6744248897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of amphibian declines: Population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data
    • PMID:10736023, doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x
    • Shaffer, G., Fellers, G.M., Magee, A., and Voss, R. 2000. The genetics of amphibian declines: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol. Ecol. 9: 245-257. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x. PMID:10736023.
    • (2000) Mol. Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 245-257
    • Shaffer, G.1    Fellers, G.M.2    Magee, A.3    Voss, R.4
  • 85
    • 0036194416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) in a northern woodland
    • doi:10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0119:FPSITW]2.0.CO;2
    • Squire, T., and Newman, R.A. 2002. Fine-scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) in a northern woodland. Herpetologica, 58: 119-130. doi:10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0119:FPSITW]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Herpetologica , vol.58 , pp. 119-130
    • Squire, T.1    Newman, R.A.2
  • 87
    • 49249121208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swofford, D.L. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony *and other methods, Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, Mass
    • Swofford, D.L. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass.
  • 89
    • 2442649073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversing introduced species effects: Experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog
    • PMID:15136741, doi:10.1073/pnas.0402321101
    • Vredenburg, V.T. 2004. Reversing introduced species effects: experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 7646-7650. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402321101. PMID:15136741.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.101 , pp. 7646-7650
    • Vredenburg, V.T.1
  • 90
    • 0037618473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, Edmonton
    • Wagner, G. 1997. Status of the northern leopard frog in Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, Edmonton.
    • (1997) Status of the northern leopard frog in Alberta
    • Wagner, G.1
  • 91
    • 0026270617 scopus 로고
    • Genetic interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids: Lessons from the Pacific Northwest
    • doi:10.1139/f91-311
    • Waples, R.S. 1991. Genetic interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids: lessons from the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48(Suppl. 1): 124-133. doi:10.1139/f91-311.
    • (1991) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 124-133
    • Waples, R.S.1
  • 92
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • doi:10.2307/2408641
    • Weir, B.S., and Cockerham, C.C. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 38: 1358-1370. doi:10.2307/2408641.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 93
    • 34248999713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of the northern leopard frog Rana pipiens in western Montana
    • doi:10.2307/3536719
    • Werner, J.K. 2003. Status of the northern leopard frog Rana pipiens in western Montana. Northwest. Nat. 84: 24-30. doi:10.2307/3536719.
    • (2003) Northwest. Nat , vol.84 , pp. 24-30
    • Werner, J.K.1
  • 95
    • 0030448923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian and mammalian translocations: Update and reanalysis of 1987 survey data
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041142.x
    • Wolf, C.M., Griffith, B., Reed, C., and Temple, S.A. 1996. Avian and mammalian translocations: update and reanalysis of 1987 survey data. Conserv. Biol. 10: 1142-1154. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041142.x.
    • (1996) Conserv. Biol , vol.10 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Wolf, C.M.1    Griffith, B.2    Reed, C.3    Temple, S.A.4
  • 96
    • 0003470431 scopus 로고
    • variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Wright, S. 1978. Evolution and the genetics of populations. Volume 4: variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1978) Evolution and the genetics of populations , vol.4
    • Wright, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.