Slow understory redevelopment after clearcutting in high mountain forests

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 2339-2355

  Kreyling, Juergen ^a   Schmiedinger, Andreas ^a   Macdonald, Ellen ^b   Beierkuhnlein, Carl ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Clearcutting; Conifer forests; Disturbance interval; Diversity loss; Logging; Recovery

Indexed keywords

CLEARCUTTING; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; MONTANE FOREST; REGENERATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; UNDERSTORY;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; PACIFIC NORTHWEST;

ABIES LASIOCARPA; BRYOPHYTA; CONIFEROPHYTA; PICEA; PICEA ENGELMANNII;

EID: 48549107522     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: 15729710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-008-9385-5     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Alexander RR (1987) Ecology, silviculture and management of the Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir type in the central and southern rocky mountains. USDA, Washington DC
2. JA Antos R Parish 2002 Structure and dynamics of a nearly steady-state subalpine forest in south-central British Columbia, Canada Oecologia 130 126 135
3. GH Aplet RD Laven FW Smith 1988 Patterns of community dynamics in Colorado Engelmann spruce subalpine fir forests Ecology 69 312 319 10.2307/1940429
4. Arno SF (2000) Fire in western forest ecosystems. In: Brown JK, Smith JK (eds) Chapter 5: Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden
5. B.C. Ministry of Forests (2001a) Forest cover map series: serial 082 E.098, 1:20000. BC Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC
6. B.C. Ministry of Forests (2001b) Forest cover map series: serial 082 L.008, 1:20000. BC Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC
7. B.C. Ministry of Forests and B.C. Environment (1995) Biodiversity guidebook - forest practices code of British Columbia. Province of British Columbia, Victoria, BC
8. WL Baker TT Veblen 1990 Spruce beetles and fires in the 19th-century sub-alpine forests of western Colorado, USA Arct Alp Res 22 65 80 10.2307/1551721
9. Barbour MG, Billings WD (eds) (2000) North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
10. Beierkuhnlein C, Jentsch A (2005) Ecological importance of species diversity. A review on the ecological implications of species diversity in plant communities. In: Henry R (ed) Plant diversity and evolution: genotypic and phenotypic variation in higher plants. CAB International, Wallingford
11. FW Bell SG Newmaster 2002 The effects of silvicultural disturbances on the diversity of seed-producing plants in the boreal mixedwood forest Can J For Res 32 1180 1191 10.1139/x02-024
12. S Brakenhielm Q Liu 1998 Long-term effects of clear-felling on vegetation dynamics and species diversity in a boreal pine forest Biodivers Conserv 7 207 220 10.1023/A:1008836502640
13. KD Brosofske J Chen TR Crow 2001 Understory vegetation and site factors: implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape For Ecol Manage 146 75 87 10.1016/S0378-1127(00) 00447-3
14. J Brunet G von Oheimb 1998 Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden J Ecol 86 429 438 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00269.x
15. FL Bunnell 1995 Forest-dwelling vertebrate faunas and natural fire regimes in British-Columbia-patterns and implications for conservation Conserv Biol 9 636 644 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030636.x
16. PJ Burton AC Balisky LP Coward 1992 The value of managing for biodiversity Forest Chron 68 225 237
17. Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (2003) National Forestry Database Program. http://nfdp.ccfm.org/framescontents_e.htm
18. TJ Carleton P MacLellan 1994 Woody vegetation responses to fire versus clear-cutting logging: a comparative survey in the central Canadian boreal forest Ecoscience 1 141 152
19. KR Clarke 1993 Nonparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure Aust J Ecol 18 117 143 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x
20. KD Coates WH Emmingham SR Radosevich 1991 Conifer-seedling success and microclimate at different levels of herb and shrub cover in a Rhododendron-Vaccinium-Menziesia community of south central British-Columbia Can J For Res 21 858 866 10.1139/x91-120
21. Coupé R, Stewart AC, Wikeem BM (1991) Chapter 15: Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir zone. In: Meidinger D, Pojar J (eds) Biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. Special report series 6. BC Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC
22. SC DeLong JM Arocena HB Massicotte 2003 Structural characteristics of wet montane forests in east-central British Columbia Forest Chron 79 342 351
23. M Dufrêne P Legendre 1997 Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach Ecol Monogr 67 345 366
24. DP Faith PR Minchin L Belbin 1987 Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance Vegetatio 69 57 68 10.1007/BF00038687
25. NJ Fenton KA Frego 2005 Bryophyte (moss and liverworth) conservation under remnant canopy in managed forests Biol Conserv 122 417 430 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.09.003
26. JF Franklin TA Spies R Van Pelt 2002 Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example For Ecol Manage 155 399 423 10.1016/S0378-1127(01) 00575-8
27. Frisvol A, Prestø T (1997) Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry. Ecography 20
28. LD Gignac MRT Dale 2005 Effects of fragment size and habitat heterogeneity on cryptogam diversity in the low-boreal forest of western Canada Bryologist 108 50 66 10.1639/0007-2745(2005) 108[50:EOFSAH]2.0.CO;2
29. DF Greene EA Johnson 1996 Wind dispersal of seeds from a forest into a clearing Ecology 77 595 609 10.2307/2265633
30. DF Greene JC Zasada L Sirois 1999 A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species Can J For Res 29 824 839 10.1139/cjfr-29-6-824
31. RE Grumbine 1994 What is ecosystem management? Conserv Biol 8 27 38 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010027.x
32. S Haeussler L Bedford A Leduc 2002 Silvicultural disturbance severity and plant communities of the southern Canadian boreal forest Silva Fenn 36 307 327
33. CB Halpern 1988 Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest communities Ecology 69 1703 1715 10.2307/1941148
34. CB Halpern 1989 Early successional patterns of forest species - interactions of life-history traits and disturbance Ecology 70 704 720 10.2307/1940221
35. CB Halpern TA Spies 1995 Plant-species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific-Northwest Ecol Appl 5 913 934 10.2307/2269343
36. Hamilton EH, Peterson LD (2003) Response of vegetation to burning in a subalpine forest cutblock in central British Columbia: Otter Creek site. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Res. Rep. 23. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/ pubs/Docs/Rr/Rr23.htm >
37. AJ Hansen TA Spies FJ Swanson 1991 Conserving biodiversity in managed forests - lessons from natural forests Bioscience 41 382 392 10.2307/1311745
38. ML Hunter 1993 Natural fire regimes as spatial models for managing boreal forests Biol Conserv 65 115 120 10.1016/0006-3207(93) 90440-C
39. J Jalonen I Vanha-Majamaa 2001 Immediate effects of four different felling methods on mature boreal spruce forest understory vegetation in southern Finland For Ecol Manage 146 25 34 10.1016/S0378-1127(00) 00446-1
40. Jarvis PG, Saugier B, Schulze ED (2001) Productivity of boreal forests. In: Roy J, Saugier B, Mooney HA (eds) Terrestrial global productivity. Academic Press, New York
41. A Jentsch C Beierkuhnlein 2003 Global climate change and local disturbance regimes as interacting drivers for shifting altitudinal vegetation patterns in high mountains Erdkunde 57 218 233 10.3112/erdkunde.2003.03.04
42. EA Johnson GI Fryer 1987 Historical vegetation change in the Kananaskis Valley, Canadian Rockies Can J Bot 65 853 858
43. EA Johnson GI Fryer 1989 Population dynamics in lodgepole pine-Engelmann spruce forests Ecology 70 1335 1345 10.2307/1938193
44. EA Johnson GI Fryer MJ Heathcott 1990 The influence of man and climate on frequency of fire in the interior wet belt forest, British-Columbia J Ecol 78 403 412 10.2307/2261120
45. RJ Keenan JP Kimmins 1993 The ecological effects of clear-cutting Environ Rev 1 121 144
46. Kelliher FM, Lloyd J, Rebmann C et al (2001) Evaporation in the boreal zone during summer. In: Schulze ED, Heimann M, Harrison S, Holland E, Lloyd J, Prentice IC, Schimel D (eds) Global biogeochemical cycles in the climate system. Academic press, San Diego
47. A Kolb M Diekmann 2005 Effects of life-history traits on responses of plant species to forest fragmentation Conserv Biol 19 929 938 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00065.x
48. J Kreyling A Schmiedinger E Macdonald 2008 Potentials of natural tree regeneration after clearcutting in subalpine forests West J Appl For 23 46 52
49. DJ Kriticos RW Sutherst JR Brown 2003 Climate change and the potential distribution of an invasive alien plant: Acacia nilotica ssp indica in Australia J Appl Ecol 40 111 124 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00777.x
50. JB Kruskal 1964 Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method Psychometrika 29 115 129 10.1007/BF02289694
51. Lloyd D, Angove K, Thompson C (1990) A guide to site identification and interpretation for the Kamloops forest region. Land management handbook 23, Ministry of Forests, Kamloops
52. MacKinnon A, Harper WL, Chatwin S et al (1991) Chapter 4: Resource values. In: Meidinger D, Pojar J (eds) Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special report series 6. Research Branch, BC Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC
53. Mather PM (1976) Computational methods of multivariate analysis in physical geography. John Wiley and Sons, London
54. GR Matlack 1994 Plant-species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North-America Ecology 75 1491 1502 10.2307/1937472
55. McCune B, Grace JB (2002) Analysis of ecological communities. MjM software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA
56. Meidinger D, Lee T, Douglas GW et al (2004) British Columbia plant species codes and selected attributes. Version 5 Database. Research Branch. B.C. Ministry of Forests. < http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/becweb/resources/codes- standards/standards-species.html >
57. PR Minchin 1987 An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination Vegetatio 69 89 107 10.1007/BF00038690
58. FM Moola L Vasseur 2004 Recovery of late-seral vascular plants in a chronosequence of post-clearcut forest stands in coastal Nova Scotia, Canada Plant Ecol 172 183 197 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026326.09137.06
59. SG Newmaster FW Bell 2002 The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest Can J For Res 32 38 51 10.1139/x01-163
60. T Nguyen-Xuan Y Bergeron D Simard 2000 The importance of forest floor disturbance in the early regeneration patterns of the boreal forest of western and central Quebec: a wildfire versus logging comparison Can J For Res 30 1353 1364 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1353
61. J Niemela 1999 Management in relation to disturbance in the boreal forest For Ecol Manage 115 127 134 10.1016/S0378-1127(98) 00393-4
62. Oksanen J, Kindt R, Legendre P et al (2006) vegan: Community ecology package version 1.8-2. URL http://cran.r-project.org/
63. Parish R, Coupé R, Lloyd D (1996) Plants of southern interior British Columbia and the Inland Northwest. BC Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, Edmonton
64. J Pino X Font J Carbo 2005 Large-scale correlates of alien plant invasion in Catalonia (NE of Spain) Biol Conserv 122 339 350 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.08. 006
65. KJ Puettmann CA Berger 2006 Development of tree and understory vegetation in young Douglas-fir plantations in western Oregon West J Appl For 21 94 101
66. R Development Core Team (2006) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org, Vienna, Austria
67. Roberts DW (2006) labdsv: Laboratory for dynamic synthetic vegephenomenology version 1.2-2. URL http://ecology.msu.montana.edu/labdsv/R.
68. Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schulze ED, Körner C (eds) (2005) Forest diversity and function: temperate and boreal systems, Ecological Studies 176. Springer, Berlin
69. P Schoonmaker A Mckee 1988 Species composition and diversity during secondary succession of coniferous forests in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon Forest Sci 34 960 979
70. ED Schulze C Wirth M Heimann 2002 Carbon fluxes of the Eurosiberian region Environ Control Biol 40 249 258
71. PC Selmants DH Knight 2003 Understory plant species composition 30-50 years after clearcutting in southeastern Wyoming coniferous forests For Ecol Manage 185 275 289 10.1016/S0378-1127(03) 00224-X
72. Soil Classification Working Group (1998) The canadian system of soil classification. Third Edition. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/references/1998sc_a. html.
73. U Treter 1992 Entwicklung der Vegetation und Bestandesstruktur auf Waldbrandflächen des Flechten-Fichten-Waldlandes in Zentral-Labrador/Kanada Erde 123 235 250
74. U Treter 1995 Kahlschlag und Feuer - Auswirkungen auf die Holzressourcen der Wälder Kanadas Heidelberger Geographische Gesellschaft J 9 61 75
75. TT Veblen KS Hadley EM Nel 1994 Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky-Mountain sub-alpine forest J Ecol 82 125 135 10.2307/2261392
76. Wong C, Dorner B, Sandmann H (2003) Estimating historical variability of natural disturbances in British Columbia. B.C. Min. For., Res. Br., B.C. Min. Sustain. Resource. Manage., Resource Plan. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Handb. No. 53. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Lmh/Lmh53.htm
77. J Yarie 1980 The role of understory vegetation in the nutrient cycle of forested ecosystems in the mountain hemlock biogeoclimatic zone Ecology 61 1498 1514 10.2307/1939057