Recovery of late-seral vascular plants in a chronosequence of post-clearcut forest stands in coastal Nova Scotia, Canada

Plant Ecology

Volumn 172, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 183-197

  Moola, F M ^a,b   Vasseur, L ^b,c  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE MONCTON   (Canada)

Author keywords

Clearcut logging; Coastal temperate forest; Community resilience; Old growth forest; Residual plants

Indexed keywords

CLEARCUTTING; FIELD LAYER; REGENERATION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; TEMPERATE FOREST;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; NOVA SCOTIA;

COPTIS; COPTIS TRIFOLIA; IMPLETA; MONOTROPA; MONOTROPA UNIFLORA; OXALIS; OXALIS MONTANA; TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 3442881986     PISSN: 13850237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026326.09137.06     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Anonymous 1993. Canadian Climate Normals: Atlantic Provinces (1961-1990). Vol. 6. Environment Canada, Ottawa.
2. Anonymous 1997. Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada. Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, Ottawa.
3. Battles J.J., Shlisky A.J., Barret R.H., Heald R.C. and Allen-Diaz B.H. 2001. The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 146: 211-222.
4. Bratton S.P. 1994. Logging and fragmentation of broadleaved deciduous forests: are we asking the right ecological questions? Conserv. Biol. 8: 295-297.
5. Brumelis G. and Carleton T.J. 1989. The vegetation of post-logged black spruce lowlands in central Canada. II understory vegetation. J. Appl. Ecol. 26: 321-339.
6. Cann D.B. and Hilchey J.D. 1959. Soil survey of Queens Country, Nova Scotia. Rep. 5. Nova Scotia Soil Survey, Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing, Truro.
7. Clebsch E.E.C. and Busing R.T. 1989. Secondary succession, gap dynamics and community structure in a southern Appalachian cove forest. Ecology 70: 728-735.
8. Cogbill C. 2000. Vegetation of the presettlement forests of northern New England and northern Maine. Rhodora. 102: 250-276.
9. Crowell M. and Freedman B. 1994. Vegetation development in a hardwood-forest chronosequence in Nova Scotia. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 260-271.
10. Davis M.B. 2001. Preserving our old-growth forest heritage. Wild Earth 11: 76-80.
11. Davis R.B. 1966. Spruce-fir forests of the coast of Maine. Ecol. Monogr. 36: 79-94.
12. De Grandpré L., Archambault L. and Morissette J. 2000. Early understory successional changes following clearcutting in the balsalm fir-yellow birch forest. Ecoscience 7: 92-100.
13. Dibble A.C., Brissette J.C. and Hunter M.L. Jr 1999. Putting community data to work: some understory plants indicate red spruce regeneration habitat. For. Ecol. Manage. 114: 275-291.
14. Duffy D.C. and Meier A.J. 1992. Do Appalachian herbaceous understories ever recover from clearcutting? Conserv. Biol. 6: 196-201.
15. Dufrêne M. and Legendre 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species. The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monog. 67: 345-366.
16. Ferris R., Peace A.J., Humphrey J.W. and Broome A.C. 2000. Relationships between vegetation, site type and stand structure in coniferous plantations in Britain. For. Ecol. Manage. 136: 35-51.
17. Ford M.W., Odom R.H., Hale P.E. and Chapman B.R. 2000. Stand-age, stand characteristics, and landform effects on understory herbaceous communities in southern Appalachian cove-hardwoods. Bio. Conserv. 93: 237-246.
18. Freedman B., Woodley S. and Loo J. 1994. Forestry practices and biodiversity, with particular reference to the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada. Environ. Rev. 2: 33-77.
19. Goebel C.P., Hix D.M. and Olivero A.M. 1999. Seasonal ground-flora patterns and site factor relationships of second-growth and old-growth south-facing ecosystems, southeastern Ohio, USA. Nat. Area J. 19: 12-29.
20. Graae B.J. and Heskjaer V.S. 1997. A comparison of understory vegetation between untouched and managed deciduous forests in Denmark. For. Ecol. Manage. 96: 111-123.
21. Halpern C.B. and Spies T.A. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Appl. 5: 913-934.
22. Hill M.O. and Gauch H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio. 42: 47-58.
23. Hix D.M. and Barnes B.V. 1984. Effects of clearcutting on vegetation and soil of an eastern hemlock dominated ecosystem, western Upper Michigan. Can. J. For. Res. 14: 914-923.
24. Honnay O., Degoote B. and Hermy M. 1999. Ancient-forest plant species in western Belgium: a species list and possible ecological mechanisms. Bel. J. Bot. 130: 139-154.
25. Jongman R.H.G., ter Braak C.J.F. and van Tongeren O.F.R. 1995. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
26. Klinka K., Scagel A.M. and Courtin P.J. 1985. Vegetation relationships among some seral ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 561-569.
27. Loucks O.L. 1962. A forest classification for the Maritime Provinces. Proc. N.S. Inst. Sci. 25: 86-167.
28. Lynds A. and LeDuc J. 1995. Old forests of Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Occasional Papers. Parks and Recreation Division, Department of Natural Resources.
29. Martin C.W. and Bailey A.S. 1999. Twenty years of change in a northern hardwood forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 123: 253-260.
30. Matlack G.R. 1994. Plant species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America. Ecology 75: 1491-1502.
31. McCune B. and Medford M.J. 1997. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, version 3.20. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR, USA.
32. McLachlan S.M. and Bazely D.R. 2001. Recovery patterns of understory herbs and their use as indicators of deciduous forest regeneration. Conserv. Biol. 15: 98-110.
33. Meier A.J., Bratton S.P. and Duffy D.C. 1995. Possible ecological mechanisms for loss of vernal-herb diversity in logged eastern deciduous forests. Ecol. Appl. 5: 935-946.
34. Metzger F. and Schultz J. 1984. Understory response to 50 years of management in a northern hardwood forest in Upper Michigan.
35. Økland R.H. 2000. Understory vegetation development in north Finnish Picea forests after disturbance: re-analysis of Sirén's data. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 533-546.
36. Peterken G.F. 1996. Natural woodland: ecology and conservation in northern temperate regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Qian H., Klinka K. and Sivak B. 1997. Diversity of the understory vascular vegetation in 40 year-old and old-growth forest stands on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. J. Veg. Sci. 8: 773-780.
38. Roberts M.R. and Zhu L. 2002. Early response of the herbaceous layer to harvesting in a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest in New Brunswick, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 17-31.
39. Rowe J.S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Canadian Forest Service Publication No. 1300. Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa.
40. Ruben J.A., Bolger D.T., Peart D.R. and Ayres M.P. 1999. Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, USA. Bio. Conserv. 90: 203-215.
41. Runkle J.R. 1991. Gap dynamics of old-growth eastern forests: management implications. Nat. Areas J. 11: 19-25.
42. Schoonmaker P. and McKee A. 1988. Species composition and diversity during secondary succession of coniferous forests in the western cascade mountains of Oregon. For. Sci. 34: 960-979.
43. Schuler T.M. and Gillespie A.R. 2000. Temporal patterns of woody species diversity in a central Appalachian forest from 1856 to 1997. Bull. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127: 149-161.
44. Seymour R.S. 1992. The red spruce-balsam fir forest of Maine: evolution of silvicultural practice in response to stand development and disturbances. In: Kelly M.J. (ed.), The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-Species Forests. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 217-244.
45. Smith T. Jr 1801. A natural resources survey of Nova Scotia in 1801-1802. Notes transcribed from Public Archives of Nova Scotia.
46. Sobey D.G. and Barkhouse P. 1977. The structure and rate of growth of the rhizomes of some forest herbs and dwarf shrubs of the New Brunswick - Nova Scotia border region. Canadian Field Naturalist 91: 377-383.
47. ter Braak C.J.F. 1991. CANOCO - a FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination by (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 3.12). Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen.
48. Wein R.W. and Moore J.M. 1979. Fire history and recent fire rotation periods in the Nova Scotian Acadian Forest. Can. J. For. Res. 9: 166-178.
49. White P.S. and Cogbill C.V. 1992. Spruce-fir forests of eastern North America. In: Eager C. and Adams M.B. (eds), Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 3-39.
50. Whitney G.G. and Foster D.R. 1988. Overstory composition and age as determinants of the understory flora of woods of central New England. J. of Ecol. 76: 867-876.
51. Zar J.H. 1996. Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
52. Zink M. 1998. Roland's flora of Nova Scotia. Nimbus Publishing and Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax.