Effects of fragment size and habitat heterogeneity on cryptogam diversity in the low-boreal forest of western Canada

Bryologist

Volumn 108, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 50-66

  Gignac, L Dennis ^a   Dale, Mark R T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Agro environments; Edge effects; Forest fragmentation; Habitat heterogeneity; Indicator species; Microclimate; Microhabitat

Indexed keywords

EID: 14844344275     PISSN: 00072745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[50:EOFSAH]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. BOUDREAULT, C., S. GAUTHIER & Y. BERGERON. 2000. Epiphytic lichens and bryophytes on Populus tremuloides along a chronosequence in the southwestern Boreal Forest of Québec, Canada. THE BRYOLOGIST 103: 725-738.
2. BOUTIN, C. & B. JOBIN. 1998. Intensity of agricultural practices and effects on adjacent habitats. Ecological Applications 8: 544-557.
3. BRODO, I. M., S. D. SHARNOFF & S. SHARNOFF. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
4. BURKE, D. M. & E. NOL. 1998. Edge and fragment size effects on the vegetation of deciduous forests in Ontario, Canada. Natural Areas Journal 18: 45-53.
5. CAMARGO, J. L. C. & V. KAPOS. 1995. Complex edge effects on soil moisture and microclimate in central Amazonian forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11: 205-221.
6. CHEN, J., J. F. FRANKLIN & T. A. SPIES. 1995. Growing-season microclimatic gradients from clearcut edges into old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Ecological Applications 5: 74-86.
7. COXSON, D. S. & J. MARSH. 2001. Lichen chronosequence (postfire and postharvest) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest of northern interior British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 1449-1464.
8. CRITES, S. & M. R. T. DALE. 1998. Diversity and abundance of bryophytes, lichens, and fungi in relation to woody substrate and successional stage in aspen mixedwood boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 641-651.
9. CROSBY, M. R., R. E. MAGILL, B. ALLEN & S. HE. 1999. Checklist of the Mosses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO.
10. CUNNINGHAM, S. A. 2000. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the reproductive ecology of four plant species in mallee woodland. Conservation Biology 14: 758-768.
11. DE CASENAVE, J. L., J. P. PELOTTE & J. PROTOMASTRO. 1995. Edge interior differences in vegetation structure and composition in Chaco semi-arid forest, Argentina. Forest Ecology and Management 73: 61-69.
12. DETTKI, H. & P. A. ESSEEN. 1998. Epiphytic macrolichens in managed and natural forest landscapes: A comparison of two spatial scales. Ecography 21: 613-624.
13. DUFRÊNE, M. & P. LEGENDRE. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 67: 345-366.
14. ECOREGIONS WORKING GROUP. 1989. Ecoclimatic regions of Canada: First approximation. Sustainable Development Branch, Canadian Wildlife Service. Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series No. 23.
15. ENVIRONMENT CANADA. 1980. Canadian Climate Normals 1951-1980: Temperature and Precipitation. Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, ON.
16. FENTON, N. J., K. A. FREGO & M. R. SIMS. 2003. Changes in forest floor bryophyte (moss and liverwort) communities 4 years after forest harvest. Canadian Journal of Botany 81: 714-731.
17. FORMAN, R. T. T. & M. GODRON. 1986. Landscape Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, NY.
18. FITZSIMMONS, M. 2002. Estimated rates of deforestation in two boreal landscapes in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 843-851.
19. FRISVOLL, A. A. & T. PRESTØ. 1997. Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry. Ecography 20: 3-18.
20. GIGNAC, L. D., D. H. VITT, S. C. ZOLTAI & S. E. BAYLEY. 1991. Bryophyte response surfaces along climatic, chemical and physical gradients in peatlands of western Canada. Nova Hedwigia 53: 27-71.
21. GRASHOF-BOKDAM, C. 1997. Forest species in an agricultural landscape in the Netherlands: effects of habitat fragmentation. Journal of Vegetation Science 8: 21-28.
22. GUSTAFSSON, L. & T. HALLINGBÄCK. 1998. Bryophyte flora and vegetation of managed and virgin coniferous forests in South-West Sweden. Biological Conservation 44: 283-300.
23. HAZELL, P., O. KELLNER, H. RYDIN & L. GUSTAFSSON. 1998. Presence and abundance of four epiphytic bryophytes in relation to density of aspen (Populus tremula) and other stand characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management 107: 147-158.
24. HOBSON, K. A., E. M. BAYNE & S. L. VAN WILGENBURG. 2002. Large-scale conversion of forest to agriculture in the Boreal Plains of Saskatchewan. Conservation Biology 16: 1530-1541.
25. HOLZ, I., S. R. GRADSTEIN & J. HEINRICHS. 2002. Bryophyte diversity, microhabitat differentiation, and distribution of life forms in Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest. THE BRYOLOGIST 105: 334-348.
26. HONNAY, O., M. HERMY & P. COPPIN. 1999. Effects of area, age, and diversity of forest patches in Belgium on plant species richness, and implications for conservation and reforestation. Biological Conservation 87: 73-84.
27. JOBIN, B., C. BOUTIN & J.-L. DESGRANGES. 1997. Effects of agricultural practices on the flora of hedgerows and woodland edges in southern Québec. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77: 293-299.
28. KUUSINEN, M. 1994. Epiphytic lichen flora and diversity on Populus tremula in old growth and managed forests of southern and middle boreal Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici 31: 245-260.
29. _. 1996. Cyanobacterial macrolichens on Populus tremula as indicators of forest continuity in Finland. Biological Consevation 75: 43-49.
30. KRUYS, N., C. FRIES, B. G. JONSSON, T. LÄMÅS & G. STAHL. 1999. Wood-inhabiting cryptogams on dead Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in managed Swedish boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 178-186.
31. LESSICA, P., B. MCCUNE & W. S. HONG. 1991. Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth and managed second-growth forests in the Swan Valley, Montana. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1745-1755.
32. LOVEJOY, T. E., R. O. BIERREGARD, JR., H. B. RYLANDS, J. R. MALCOLM, C. E. QUINTELA, L. H. HARPER, K. S. BROWN, JR., A. H. POWELL, G. V. N. POWELL, H. O. R. SCHUBERT & M. B. HAYS. 1986. Edge and other effects of isolation on Amazonian forest fragments, pp. 257-285. In M. Soule (ed.), Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
33. LUMLEY, T. C., L. D. GIGNAC & R. S. CURRAH. 2001. Microfungus communities of white spruce and trembling aspen logs at different decay stages in disturbed and undisturbed sites in the boreal mixedwood region of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 76-92.
34. MALCOLM, J. R. 1998. A model of conductive heat flow in forest edges and fragmented landscapes. Climate Change 39: 487-502.
35. MAGURRAN, A. E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
36. MATLACK, G. R. 1993. Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States. Biological Conservation 66: 185-194.
37. _. 1994. Plant species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America. Ecology 75: 1491-1502.
38. MCALISTER, S. 1995. Species interactions and substrate specificity among log-inhabiting bryophyte species. Ecology 76: 2184-2195.
39. MCCUNE, B. & M. J. MEFFORD. 1997. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 3.2. MJM Software Design, Glenedon Beach, OR.
40. _, R. ROSENTRETER, J. M. PONZETTI & D. C. SHAW. 2000. Epiphytic habitats in an old conifer forest in western Washington, U.S.A. THE BRYOLOGIST 103: 417-427.
41. MCGEE, G. G. & R. W. KIMMERER. 2002. Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1562-1576.
42. MERRIFIELD, K. 2000. Bryophytes on isolated Quercus garryana trunks in urban and agricultural settings in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. THE BRYOLOGIST 103: 720-724.
43. NEITLICH, P. N. & B. MCCUNE. 1997. Hotspots of epiphytic lichen diversity in two young managed forests. Conservation Biology 11: 172-182.
44. PATON, J. A. 1999. The liverwort flora of the British Isles. Harley Books, Colchester.
45. PECK, J. E., J. GRABNER, D. LADD & D. R. LARSEN. 2004. Microhabitat affinities of Missouri Ozark lichens. THE BRYOLOGIST 107: 47-61.
46. PHARO, E. J. & D. H. VITT. 2000. Local variation in bryophyte and macro-lichen cover and diversity in montane forests of western Canada. THE BRYOLOGIST 103: 455-466.
47. RAMANKUTTY, N. & J. A. FOLEY. 1999. Estimating historical changes in land cover: North American croplands from 1850 to 1992. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8: 381-396.
48. ROSS-DAVIS, A. L. & K. A. FREGO. 2002. Comparison of plantations and naturally regenerated clearcuts in the Acadian Forest: forest floor bryophyte community and habitat features. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 21-33.
49. ROSSO, A. & R. ROSENTRETER. 1999. Lichen diversity and biomass in relation to management practices in forests of northern Idaho. EVANSIA 16: 97-104.
50. ROWE, J. S. 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Canadian Forestry Service, Bulletin No. 1300.
51. RUCHTY, A., A. L. ROSSO & B. MCCUNE. 2001. Changes in epiphyte communities as the shrub, Acer circinatum, develops and ages. THE BRYOLOGIST 104: 274-281.
52. SHEARD, J. W. & M. E. JONESCU. 1974. A multivariate analysis of the distribution of lichens on Populus tremuloides in west-central Canada. THE BRYOLOGIST 77: 514-530.
53. SILLET, S. C., S. R. GRADSTEIN & D. GRIFFIN. 1995. Bryophyte diversity of Ficus tree crowns from cloud forest and pasture in Costa Rica. THE BRYOLOGIST 98: 218-227.
54. SÖDERSTRÖM, L. 1988. Sequence of bryophytes and lichens in relation to substrate variables of decaying coniferous woods in northern Sweden. Nordic Journal of Botany 8: 89-97.
55. _. 1989. Regional distribution patterns of bryophyte species on spruce logs in northern Sweden. THE BRYOLOGIST 92: 349-355.
56. VITT, D. H. & R. J. BELLAND. 1997. Attributes of rarity among Alberta mosses: Patterns and prediction of species diversity. THE BRYOLOGIST 100: 1-12.
57. _, Y. LI & R. J. BELLAND. 1995. Patterns of bryophyte diversity in peatlands of continental western Canada. THE BRYOLOGIST 98: 218-227.
58. _, J. E. MARSH & R. B. BOVEY. 1988. Mosses, Lichens and Ferns of Northwest North America. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, AB.
59. VUJNOVIC, K. & J. GOULD. 2002. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Center Tracking and Watch Lists-Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts. Natural Heritage Information Centre, Edmonton, AB.
60. WEAVER, M. & M. KELLMAN. 1981. The effects of forest fragmentation on woodlot tree biotas in southern Ontario. Journal of Biogeography 8: 199-210.
61. WILCOX, B. A. & D. D. MURPHY. 1985. Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction. American Naturalist 125: 897-887.
62. WITH, K. A. & T. O. CRIST. 1995. Critical thresholds in species responses to landscape structure. Ecology 76: 2446-2459.
63. ZECHMEISTER, H. G., A. TRIBSCH, D. MOSER, J. PETERSEIL & T. WRBK. 2003. Biodiversity 'hot spots' for bryophytes in landscapes dominated by agriculture in Austria. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 94: 159-167.