Correlated evolution of fig size and color supports the dispersal syndromes hypothesis

Oecologia

Volumn 156, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 783-796

  Lomáscolo, Silvia B ^a   Speranza, Pablo ^b   Kimball, Rebecca T ^a  

^a University of Florida   (United States)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPÚBLICA   (Uruguay)

Author keywords

Concentrated changes test; Ficus; Fruit evolution; Likelihood ratio test; Seed dispersal

Indexed keywords

PLANT DNA; SPACER DNA;

ALGORITHM; ANGIOSPERM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EVOLUTION; FRUIT; PHYLOGENY; SEED DISPERSAL;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIRD; COLOR; DNA SEQUENCE; FICUS; FRUIT; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; MAMMAL; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BIRDS; COLOR; DNA, INTERGENIC; DNA, PLANT; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FICUS; FRUIT; MAMMALS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

AVES; FICUS (ANGIOSPERM); MAMMALIA; MORACEAE;

EID: 46949094630     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1023-0     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Agosta SJ (2006) On ecological fitting, plant-insect associations, herbivore host shifts, and host plant selection. Oikos 114:556-565
2. Alcantara JM, Rey PJ (2003) Conflicting selection pressures on seed size: evolutionary ecology of fruit size in a bird-dispersed tree, Olea europaea. J Evol Biol 16:1168-1176
3. Alfaro ME, Zoller S, Lutzoni F (2003) Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence. Molec Biol Evol 20:255-266
4. Altshuler DL (2001) Ultraviolet reflectance in fruits, ambient light composition and fruit removal in a tropical forest. Evol Ecol Res 3:767-778
5. Altshuler DL (2003) Flower color, hummingbird pollination, and habitat irradiance in four neotropical forests. Biotropica 35:344-355
6. Bennett ATD, Cuthill IC, Norris KJ (1994) Sexual selection and the mismeasure of color. Am Nat 144:848-860
7. Bennett ATD, Thery M (2007) Avian color vision and coloration: multidisciplinary evolutionary biology. Am Nat 169:S1-S6
8. Bolmgren K, Eriksson O (2005) Fleshy fruits-origins, niche shifts, and diversification. Oikos 109:255-272
9. Bowmaker JK, Hunt DM (2006) Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments. Curr Biol 16:R484-R489
10. Bowmaker JK, Heath LA, Wilkie SE, Hunt DM (1997) Visual pigments and oil droplets from six classes of photoreceptor in the retinas of birds. Vis Res 37:2183-2194
11. Burnham KP, Anderson D (2003) Model selection and multi-model inference, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
12. Burns KC, Dalen JL (2002) Foliage color contrasts and adaptive fruit color variation in a bird-dispersed plant community. Oikos 96:463-469
13. Cipollini ML, Levey DJ (1991) Why some fruits are green when they are ripe-carbon balance in fleshy fruits. Oecologia 88:371-377
14. Croat TB (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
15. Das D, Wilkie SE, Hunt DM, Bowmaker JK (1999) Visual pigments and oil droplets in the retina of a passerine bird, the canary Serinus canaria: microspectrophotometry and opsin sequences. Vis Res 39:2801-2815
16. Dominy NJ (2004) Fruits, fingers, and fermentation: the sensory cues available to foraging primates. Integr Comp Biol 44:295-303
17. Dominy NJ, Lucas PW, Osorio D, Yamashita N (2001) The sensory ecology of primate food perception. Evol Anthropol 10:171-186
18. Dominy NJ, Svenning JC, Li WH (2003) Historical contingency in the evolution of primate color vision. J Hum Evol 44:25-45
19. Fischer KE, Chapman CA (1993) Frugivores and fruit syndromes-differences in patterns at the genus and species level. Oikos 66:472-482
20. Fleming TH, Breitwisch R, Whitesides GH (1987) Patterns of tropical vertebrate frugivore diversity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18:91-109
21. Gautier-Hion A, Duplantier JM, Quris R, Feer F, Sourd C, Decoux JP, Dubost G, Emmons L, Erard C, Hecketsweiler P, Moungazi A, Roussilhon C, Thiollay JM (1985) Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropical forest vertebrate community. Oecologia 65:324-337
22. Hall E (1997) Biological sequence alignment editor for Windows 95/98/NT. http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html. Last accessed 10 March 2008
23. Hampe A, Bairlein F (2000) Modified dispersal-related traits in disjunct populations of bird-dispersed Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae): a result of its Quaternary distribution shifts? Ecography 23:603-613
24. Harms KE, Wright SJ, Calderon O, Hernandez A, Herre EA (2000) Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404:493-495
25. Hart NS (2001) The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors. Prog Retin Eye Res 20:675-703
26. Harvey PH, Pagel MD (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
27. Herrera CM (1987) Vertebrate-dispersed plants of the Iberian Peninsula-a study of fruit characteristics. Ecol Monogr 57:305-331
28. Herrera CM (1989) Seed dispersal by animals: a role in angiosperm diversification? Am Nat 133:309-322
29. Herrera CM (1992) Interspecific variation in fruit shape: allometry, phylogeny, and adaptation to dispersal agents. Ecology 73:1832-1841
30. Herrera CM (2002) Correlated evolution of fruit and leaf size in bird-dispersed plants: species-level variance in fruit traits explained a bit further? Oikos 97:426-432
31. Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst Biol 42:182-192
32. Howe HF, Miriti MN (2000) No question: seed dispersal matters. Trends Ecol Evol 15:434-436
33. Hsiao C, Jacobs SWL, Chatterton NJ, Asay KH (1999) A molecular phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae) based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). Aust Syst Bot 11:667-688
34. Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754-755
35. Janson CH (1983) Adaptation of fruit morphology to dispersal agents in a Neotropical forest. Science 219:187-189
36. Janzen DH (1980) When is it coevolution? Evolution 34:611-612
37. Janzen DH (1985) On ecological fitting. Oikos 45:308-310
38. Janzen DH, Martin PS (1982) Neotropical anachronisms-the fruits the Gomphotheres ate. Science 215:19-27
39. Jordano P (1995) Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers-a comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions. Am Nat 145:163-191
40. Jordano P (2000) Fruits and frugivory. In: Fenner M (ed) Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CABI Publishing, New York, pp 125-165
41. Jousselin E, Rasplus JY, Kjellberg F (2003) Convergence and coevolution in a mutualism: evidence from a molecular phylogeny of Ficus. Evolution 57:1255-1269
42. Jurik TW (1983) Reproductive effort and Co2 dynamics of wild strawberry populations. Ecology 64:1329-1342
43. Kalko EKV, Herre EA, Handley CO (1996) Relation of fig fruit characteristics to fruit-eating bats in the New and Old World tropics. J Biogeogr 23:565-576
44. Korine C, Kalko EKV, Herre EA (2000) Fruit characteristics and factors affecting fruit removal in a Panamanian community of strangler figs. Oecologia 123:560-568
45. Laman TG, Weiblen GD (1998) Figs of Gunung Palung National Park (West Kalimantan, Indonesia). Trop Biodiver 5:245-297
46. Levey DJ (1987) Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of avian frugivores. Am Nat 129:471-485
47. Lord JM (2004) Frugivore gape size and the evolution of fruit size and shape in southern hemisphere floras. Austral Ecol 29:430-436
48. Lord JM, Markey AS, Marshall J (2002) Have frugivores influenced the evolution of fruit traits in New Zealand? In: Levey DJ, Silva WR, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 55-68
49. Mack AL (1993) The sizes of vertebrate-dispersed fruits: a Neotropical-Paleotropical comparison. Am Nat 142:840-856
50. Maddison WP (1990) A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters-are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree? Evolution 44:539-557
51. Maddison D, Maddison WP (2000) MacClade 4: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA
52. Márquez AL, Real R, Vargas JM (2004) Dependence of broad-scale geographical variation in fleshy-fruited plant species richness on disperser bird species richness. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 13:295-304
53. McKey DS (1975) The ecology of coevolved seed dispersal systems. In: Gilbert LE, Raven PH (eds) Co-evolution of animals and plants. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, pp 159-191
54. Pagel M (1994) Detecting correlated evolution on phylogenies: a general method for the comparative analysis of discrete characters. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 255:37-45
55. Pagel M (1997) Inferring evolutionary processes from phylogenies. Zool Scr 26:331-348
56. Pagel M (1999) The maximum likelihood approach to reconstructing ancestral character states of discrete characters on phylogenies. Syst Biol 48:612-622
57. Peichl L (2005) Diversity of mammalian photoreceptor properties: adaptations to habitat and lifestyle? Anat Rec A Discov Molec Cell Evol Biol 287A:1001-1012
58. Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817-818
59. Reekie EG, Bazzaz FA (1987) Reproductive effort in plants.1. Carbon allocation to reproduction. Am Nat 129:876-896
60. Rey PJ, Gutierrez JE, Alcantara J, Valera F (1997) Fruit size in wild olives: implications for avian seed dispersal. Funct Ecol 11:611-618
61. Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572-1574
62. Rønsted N, Weiblen GD, Cook JM, Salamin N, Machado CA, Savolainen V (2005) 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig-wasp symbiosis. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 272:2593-2599
63. Schaefer HM, Levey DJ, Schaefer V, Avery ML (2006) The role of chromatic and achromatic signals for fruit detection by birds. Behav Ecol 17:784-789
64. Schmidt V, Schaefer HM, Winkler H (2004) Conspicuousness, not colour as foraging cue in plant-animal signalling. Oikos 106:551-557
65. Schupp EW (1993) Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals. Vegetatio 108:15-29
66. Shanahan M, Compton SG (2001) Vertical stratification of figs and fig-eaters in a Bornean lowland rain forest: how is the canopy different? Plant Ecol 153:121-132
67. Shanahan M, So S, Compton SG, Corlett R (2001) Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review. Biol Rev 76:529-572
68. Strauss SY, Lau JA, Carroll SP (2006) Evolutionary responses of natives to introduced species: what do introductions tell us about natural communities? Ecol Lett 9:354-371
69. Swofford DL (2003) PAUP*: phylogenetics analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), version 4.0. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
70. Terborgh J, Pitman N, Silman M, Schichter H, Núñez P (2002) Maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests. In: Levey DJ, Silva WR, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 1-17
71. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties, and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673-4680
72. van der Pijl L (1969) Principles of dispersal of higher plants. Academic, Orlando, FL
73. Weiblen GD (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of functionally dioecious Ficus (Moraceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Am J Bot 87:1342-1357
74. Westoby M, Leishman MR, Lord JM (1995) On misinterpreting the "phylogenetic correction". J Ecol 83:531-534
75. Wheelwright NT (1985) Fruit size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds. Ecology 66:808-818
76. Wheelwright NT, Janson CH (1985) Colors of fruit displays of bird-dispersed plants in two tropical forests. Am Nat 126:777-799
77. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Gelfand D, Sminsky J, White T (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 315-322
78. Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 4th edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
79. Zwickl DJ (2006) Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion. http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/antisense/garli/Garli.html, last accessed 10 March 2008