Flower Color, Hummingbird Pollination, and Habitat Irradiance in Four Neotropical Forests

Biotropica

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 344-355

  Altshuler, Douglas L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b California Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Ambient light habitats; Bees; Floral color; Four neotropical forests; Hummingbirds; Pollinator color sensitivity; Tropical plant pollinator systems; Ultraviolet color

Indexed keywords

COLOR; FLORAL TRAIT; IRRADIANCE; POLLINATION; TROPICAL FOREST; ZOOPHILY;

ANIMALIA; APOIDEA; AVES; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; TROCHILIDAE;

EID: 0344961404     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00588.x     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. ALTSHULER, D. L. 2001. Ultraviolet reflectance in fruits, ambient light composition, and fruit removal in a tropical forest. Evol. Ecol. Res. 3: 767-778.
2. ANDERSSON, L., AND M. W. CHASE. 2001. Phylogeny and classification of Marantaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 135: 275-287.
3. _, AND J. H. E. ROVA. 1999. The rps16 intron and the phylogeny of the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 214: 161-186.
4. BANDAI, K., K. ARIKAWA, AND E. EGUCHI. 1992. Localization of spectral receptors in the ommatidium of butterfly compound eye determined by polarization sensitivity. J. Comp. Physiol. A 171: 289-297.
5. BENNETT, A. T. D., I. C. CUTHILL, AND K. J. NORRIS. 1994. Sexual selection and the mismeasurement of color. Am. Nat. 144: 848-860.
6. BLEIWEISS, R. 1998a. Origin of hummingbird faunas. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 77-97.
7. _. 1998b. Tempo and mode of hummingbird evolution. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 63-76.
8. BONGERS, F., P. J. VAN DER MEER, AND M. THÉRY. 2001. Scales of ambient light variation. In F. Bongers, P. Charles-Dominique, P.-M. Forget, and M. Théry (Eds.). Nouragues: Dynamics and plant-animal interactions in a Neotropical rainforest. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
9. BREMBER, B., AND R. K. JANSEN. 1991. Comparative restriction site mapping of chloroplast DNA implies new phylogenetic relationships within Rubiaceae. Am. J. Bot. 78: 198-213.
10. BRISCOE, A. D. 2000. Six opsins from the butterfly Papilio glaucus: Molecular phylogenetic evidence for paralogous origins of red-sensitive visual pigments in insects. J. Mol. Evol. 51: 110-121.
11. _, AND L. CHITTKA. 2001. The evolution of color vision in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 46: 471-510.
12. BURKHARDT, D. 1982. Birds, berries, and UV: a note on some consequences of UV vision in birds. Naturwissenschaften 69: 153-157.
13. CHEN, D.-M., AND T. H. GOLDSMITH. 1986. Four spectral classes of cone in the retinas of birds. J. Comp. Physiol. A 159: 473-479.
14. CHITTKA, L. 1997. Bee color vision is optimal for coding flower color, but flower colors are not optimal for being coded - Why? Isr. J. Plant Sci. 45: 115-127.
15. _, AND A. D. BRISCOE. 2001. Why sensory ecology needs to become more evolutionary - insect color vision as a case in point. In F. G. Barth and A. Schmid (Eds.). Ecology of sensing, pp. 19-37. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
16. _, A. SHMIDA, N. TROJE, AND R. MENZEL. 1994. Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of Hymenoptera. Vision Res. 34: 1489-1508.
17. _, J. SPAETHE, A. SCHMIDT, AND A. HICKELSBERGER. 2001. Adaptation, constraint, and chance in the evolution of flower color and pollinator color vision. In L. Chittka and J. D. Thomson (Eds.). Cognitive ecology of pollination, pp. 106-126. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
18. _, AND N. M. WASER. 1997. Why red flowers are not invisible to bees. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 45: 169-183.
19. COLLIAS, N. E., AND E. C. COLLIAS. 1968. Anna's Hummingbirds trained to select different colors in feeding. Condor 70: 273-274.
20. EISNER, T., R. E. SIBLERGLIED, D. ANESHANSLEY, J. E. CARREL, AND H. C. HOWLAND. 1969. Ultraviolet video-viewing: the television camera as an insect eye. Science 166: 1172-1174.
21. ENDLER, J. A. 1993. The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecol. Monogr. 63: 1-27.
22. _, AND M. THÉRY. 1996. Interacting effects of lek placement, display behavior, ambient light, and color patterns in three Neotropical forest-dwelling birds. Am. Nat. 148: 421-452.
23. FAEGRI, K., AND L. VAN DER PIJL. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. Pergamon, New York, New York.
24. FEINSINGER, P. 1987. Approaches to nectarivore-plant interactions in the New World. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 60: 285-319.
25. GENTRY, A. H. 1990. Four Neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
26. GOLDSMITH, T. H., AND K. M. GOLDSMITH. 1979. Discrimination of colors by the Black-chinned Hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri. J. Comp. Physiol. 130: 209-220.
27. GUMBERT, A., J. KUNZE, AND L. CHITTKA. 1999. Floral colour diversity in plant communities, bee colour space and a null model. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266: 1711-1716.
28. HART, N. S., J. C. PARTRIDGE, I. C. CUTHILL, AND A. T. D. BENNETT. 2000. Visual pigments, oil droplets, ocular media and cone photoreceptor distribution in two species of passerine bird: the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus L.) and the Blackbird (Turdus merula L.). J. Comp. Physiol. A 186: 375-387.
29. HURLY, T. A., AND S. D. HEALY. 1996. Memory for flowers in Rufous Hummingbirds: location or local visual cues. Anim. Behav. 51: 1149-1157.
30. HUTH, H. H., AND D. BURKHARDT. 1972. Der spektrale Sehbereich eines Violettohr-Kolibris. Naturwissenschaften 59: 650.
31. JACOBS, G. H. 1993. The distribution and nature of colour vision among the mammals. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 68: 413-471.
32. JONES, C. E., AND S. L. BUCHMANN. 1974. Ultraviolet floral patterns as functional orientation cues in hymenopterous pollination systems. Anim. Behav. 22: 481-485.
33. KAJITA, T., H. OHASHI, Y. TATEISHI, C. D. BAILEY, AND J. J. DOYLE. 2001. rbcL and legume phylogeny, with particular reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and allies. Syst. Bot. 26: 515-536.
34. MADDISON, W. P. 1990. A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters: Are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree? Evolution 44: 539-557.
35. _, AND D. R. MADDISON. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, version 3.03. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
36. McDADE, L. A. 1983. Long-tailed Hermit Hummingbird visits to inflorescence color morphs of Heliconia irrasa. Condor 85: 360-364.
37. _, AND M. L. MOODY. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among Acanthaceae: Evidence from noncoding trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA sequences. Am. J. Bot. 86: 70-80.
38. MILLER, R. S., AND R. E. MILLER. 1971. Feeding activity and color preference of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds. Condor 73: 309-313.
39. MORTON, C. M., G. T. PRANCE, S. A. MORI, AND L. G. THORBURN. 1998. Recircumscription of the Lecythidaceae. Taxon 47: 817-827.
40. PEITSCH, D., A. FIETZ, H. HERTEL, J. DESOUZA, D. F. VENTURA, AND R. MENZEL. 1992. The spectral input systems of hymenopteran insects and their receptor-based color-vision. J. Comp. Physiol. A 170: 23-40.
41. RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43: 223-225.
42. SCOTLAND, R. W., J. A. SWEERE, P. A. REEVES, AND R. G. OLMSTEAD. 1995. Higher-level systematics of Acanthaceae determined by chloroplast DNA sequences. Am. J. Bot. 82: 266-275.
43. SIITARI, H., J. HONKAVAARA, AND J. VIITALA. 1999. Ultraviolet reflection of berries attracts foraging birds. A laboratory study with redwings (Turdus iliacus) and bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266: 2125-2129.
44. SMITH, J. F., J. C. WOLFRAM, K. D. BROWN, C. L. CARROLL, AND D. S. DENTON. 1997. Tribal relationships in the Gesneriaceae: Evidence from DNA sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 84: 50-66.
45. SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, AND M. W. CHASE. 1999. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a tool for comparative biology. Nature 402: 402-404.
46. SPANGLER, R. E., AND R. G. OLMSTEAD. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Bignoniaceae based on the cpDNA gene sequences rbcL and ndhF. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 86: 33-46.
47. STEBBINS, G. L. 1989. Adaptive shifts towards hummingbird pollination of plants. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
48. STILES, F. G. 1976. Taste preferences, color preferences, and flower choice in hummingbirds. Condor 78: 10-26.
49. SWOFFORD, D. L., AND W. P. MADDISON. 1987. Reconstructing ancestral character states under Wagner parsimony. Math. Biosci. 87: 199-229.
50. THÉRY, M., AND J. CASAS. 2002. Predator and prey views of spider camouflage: Both hunter and hunted fail to notice crab-spiders blending with coloured petals. Nature 415: 133.
51. THOMSON, J. D., P. WILSON, M. VALENZUELA, AND M. MALZONE. 2000. Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special reference to Penstemon. Plant Spec. Biol. 15: 11-29.
52. VARELA, F. J., A. G. PALACIOS, AND T. H. GOLDSMITH. 1993. Color vision of birds. In H. P. Zeigler and H.-J. Bischof (Eds.). Vision, brain, and behavior in birds, pp. 77-98. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
53. VOROBYEV, M., D. OSORIO, A. T. D. BENNETT, N. J. MARSHALL, AND I. C. CUTHILL. 1998. Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours. J. Comp. Physiol. A 183: 621-633.
54. WASER, N. M., L. CHITTKA, M. V. PRICE, N. M. WILLIAMS, AND J. OLLERTON. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology 477: 1043-1060.
55. _, AND M. V. PRICE. 1981. Pollinator choice and stabilizing selection for flower color in Delphinium nelsonii. Evolution 35: 376-390.
56. WHEELWRIGHT, N. T., AND C. H. JANSON. 1985. Colors of fruit displays of bird-dispersed plants in two Neotropical forests. Am. Nat. 126: 777-799.
57. WHELAN, C. J., AND M. F. WILLSON. 1994. Fruit choice in migrating North American birds: field and aviary experiments. Oikos 71: 137-151.
58. WILLSON, M. F., AND M. N. MELAMPY. 1983. The effect of bicolored fruit displays on fruit removal by avian frugivores. Oikos 41: 27-31.
59. _, AND J. N. THOMPSON. 1982. Phenology and ecology of color in bird-dispersed fruits, or why some fruits are red when they are "green." Can. J. Bot. 60: 701-713.
60. _, AND C. J. WHELAN. 1989. Ultraviolet reflectance of vertebrate-dispersed plants. Oikos 55: 341-348.
61. _, AND _. 1990. The evolution of fruit color in fleshy-fruited plants. Am. Nat. 136: 790-809.