Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: A global review

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 529-572

  Shanahan, Mike ^a,c,e   Samson, S O ^b,d   Compton, Stephen G ^a   Corlett, Richard ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b Peter Scott Field Studies Centre   (Hong Kong)

^c UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK   (Malaysia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^e Castle View   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ficus; Frugivory; Fruit syndromes; Keystone resources; Seed dispersal guilds

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FICUS; FOREST; FOWL; FRUGIVORE; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PLANT SEED; REVIEW; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALIA; AVES; BUCEROTIDAE; CEBIDAE; CERCOPITHECIDAE; COLUMBIDAE; FICUS; FICUS (ANGIOSPERM); FICUS FICUS; GALLIFORMES; LYBIIDAE; MAMMALIA; MORACEAE; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; PISCES; PSITTACIDAE; PTEROPODIDAE; PYCNONOTIDAE; REPTILIA; SCIURIDAE; SPERMATOPHYTA; STURNIDAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0035178476     PISSN: 14647931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1464793101005760     Document Type: Review

References (568)

1. Tropical tree diversity, forest structure and the demography of a frugivorous rodent, the spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus)
2. The role of fish in the distribution and germination of seeds of the submerged macrophytes Najas marina L. and Ruppia maritima L
3. Analisis polinico del contenido gastrico de murcielagos Glossophaginae de Mexico
4. Figs and fig pollinators: Evolutionary conflicts in a coevolved mutualism
5. Modelling the persistence of small populations of strongly interdependent species: The case of figs and fig wasps
6. Are ants secondary dispersers of fig seeds in Indian forests?
7. Trees with a difference: The strangler figs
8. Diet of the brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
9. A monitor lizard in the Philippines
10. Fig fruit consumption and seed dispersal by Artibeus jamaicensis in the Ilanos of Venezuela
11. Plant and bat interactions in West Africa
12. The pollination of Parkia by bats and its attendant evolutionary problems
13. The seasons in a tropical rain forests. Part 3. The fruit bats
14. Interactions between fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropical dry evergreen forest of Point Calimere, South India
15. Seed dispersal by mammals at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
16. Temporal patterns in diet of nestling white-crowned pigeons: Implications for conservation of frugivorous columbids
17. Does ingestion by birds affect seed germination?
18. Kiara-gasten
19. Why tropical squirrels carry seeds out of source crowns
20. Home range, population density, and food resources of Agouli paca (Rodentia: Agoutidae) in Costa Rica: A study using alternative methods
21. Bird notes from East Gippsland
22. Frugivory and polygamy in birds of paradise
23. Ecology and behavior of the Buff-tailed Sicklebill (Paradisaedae, Epimachus albertisi)
24. The birds of paradise
25. More examples of fruiting trees visited predominantly by birds of paradise
26. Classification and distribution of Ficus
27. Field notes on the birds of the Richmond District, North Queensland
28. Observations on the food and feeding behaviour of Cynopterus sphinx Vahl (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) at Pune, India
29. The Great Indian Hornbill in the wild state
30. Food of the Western Bowerbird in the Chichester Range, W. A.
31. The importance of the black lemur (Eulemur macaco) for seed dispersal in Lokobe Forest, Nosy Be
32. Fruit availability and keystone plant resources for frugivores in a dry forest in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
33. Figs, Malabar giant squirrels and fruit shortages within two tropical Indian forests
34. The evolution of leks
35. Dispersión y germinación de semillas de Ficus monkii por Alcutta carya
36. Effects of black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) seed ingestion on insect larvae
37. Frugivores at a fruiting Ficus vine in a southern Cameroon tropical wet forest
38. Observations of animals feeding in a strangler fig, Ficus drupacea, in southeast Thailand
39. Spatial and temporal variation in frugivory at a neotropical fig, Ficus pertusa
40. Les oiseaux des regions forestieres du Nord-Est Gabon. Vol. I. Ecologie et comportement des especes
41. Pied currawongs (Strepera graculina): Their diet and role in weed dispersal in suburban Sydney, New South Wales
42. Yellow Figbird in Western Australia
43. Comparative gut passage times in captive lemurs
44. Field notes on the birds of the eastern Solomon Islands
45. The diet of Lorikeets Trichoglossus spp. in the Queensland-New South Wales border region
46. Exotic flora of Victoria and its impact on indigenous biota
47. Sobre os hàbitos alimemtares de phillostomeideos (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
48. Winter energy deficits and the importance of fruit versus insects in a tropical island bird population
49. Figs eaten by Butcherbird
50. Feeding on plants by the Red-bellied Tree Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus in Taipei Botanical Garden
51. The birds of the Belgian Congo. Part IV
52. Primate seed dispersal: The fate of dispersed seeds
53. Les mammiferes frugivores arboricoles nocturnes d'une foret guyanaise: Inter-relations plantesanimaux
54. Dietary of the cattle egret Bubulcus coromandus (Boddaert)
55. Comparative study of the breeding biology and ecology of two endangered hornbills species in Huai Kha Khaeng wildlife sanctuary, Thailand
56. The feeding behaviour of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus)
57. Food habits of three carnivore species (Viverricula indica, Herpestes urva and Melogale moschata) in Fushan Forest, northern Taiwan
58. Avian frugivory in a subtropical rainforest: Eleven years of observations in Lamington National Park
59. Fruiting and frugivores at a strangler fig in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico
60. Notes on mammals from Sonora, Mexico
61. Seed dispersal in an African fig tree: Birds as high quantity, low quality dispersers?
62. The pacific banyan in the Cook islands: Have its pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms been disrupted, and does it matter?
63. Seed dipsersal by the fish Pterodoras granulosus in the Parama river basin, Brazil
64. The value of figs to a hind-gut fermenting frugivore: A nutritional analysis
65. Currawongs on Kangaroo Island
66. The phenology of Ficus benjamina and Ficus microcarpa in Singapore
67. The phenology of Ficus fistulosa in Singapore
68. Sexual dimorphism in the reproductive phenology of Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. in Singapore
69. Characteristics of vertebrate dispersed fruits in Hong Kong
70. Frugivory and seed dispersal by birds in Hong Kong scrubland
71. Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in the Oriental (Indomalayan) Region
72. Birds eating figs in Brazil
73. Alternative seedhandling strategies in primates - Seed-spitting by long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
74. Check list of Ficus in Asia and Australasia, with keys to identification
75. Seed digestions by the fruit eating pigeon Treron
76. Seasonal population surveys and natural history of a Micronesian bird community
77. A Tropical Rainforest. The Nature of Biodiversity at Belalong, Brunei
78. The ecology of fruit pigeons in tropical north Queensland
79. Foraging ecology of an assemblage of birds in lowland rainforest in north Queensland
80. Some breeding records of the common koel Eudynamis scolopacea
81. Avian feeding assemblages in Puerto Rico
82. Rainfall, food abundance and timing of parturition in African bats
83. Frugivorous pigeons, stepping stones and weeds in northern New South Wales
84. A dung beetle that feeds on figs: Implications for the measurement of species rarity
85. Ingestion of Ficus enormis seeds by howler monkeys Alonatta fusca in Brazil: Effects on seed germination
86. Complex interactions in nature: Parrotlet feeding on fig fruits lessens seed dispersal and gene flow
87. Vertebrates at neotropical fig species in a forest fragment
88. Pollination, seed dispersal, seed germination and establishment of seedlings of Ficus microcarpa, Moraceae, in southeastern Brazil
89. Diet of a group of Lagothrix lagothricha lagothricha in southeastern Colombia
90. Frugivory and seed dispersal by four species of primates in Madagascar's eastern rain forest
91. An ecological survey of the Royal Karnali-Bardia Wildlife Reserve, Nepal. Part II. Habitat animal interactions
92. Reproductive ecology of fruit bats and the seasonality of fruit production in a Costa Rican cloud forest
93. Deer, plant phenology, and succession in the lowland forests of Nepal
94. The dispersal of plants by fruit-eating bats
95. Fruit choice and seed dissemination by birds and mammals in the evergreen forests of upland Malawi
96. Eco-ethology, distribution and status of Nyungwe Forest birds (Rwanda)
97. Avian frugivore assemblages at three small-fruited tree species in the forests of northern Congo
98. Seed dispersal by elephants in semiarid woodland habitats of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
99. Birds of Dinagat and Siargao, Philippines
100. An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in an Australian subtropical rainforest
101. Temporal patterns of individual and group foraging behaviour in the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx, in South India
102. Ecology and resource partitioning among nine species of African rain forest squirrels
103. Frugivory in treeshrews (Tupaia)
104. The diet of Pteropus voeltzkowi, an endangered fruit bat endemic to Pemba Island, Tanzania
105. Frugivory by howling monkeys (Alouatta palliala) at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: Dispersal and fate of seeds
106. Status and conservation of the Seychelles black parrot
107. Tyrannus melancholicus (Tirano Tropical, Pecho Amarillo, Tropical Kingbird)
108. Fecundity, fruiting pattern, and seed dispersal in Piper amalago (Piperaceae), a bat-dispersed tropical shrub
109. Carollia perspicillata (Murciclago Candelaro, Lesser Short-tailed Fruit Bat)
110. Frugivorous bats, seed shadows and the structure of tropical forests
111. An experimental analysis of the food location behaviour of frugivorous bats
112. Three Central American bat communities: Structure, reproductive cycles, and movement patterns
113. Annotated list of birds observed at Iron Range, Cape York peninsula, Queensland, during October 1974
114. Famine on Barro Colorado Island
115. The seasonal rhythm of fruitfall on Barro Colorado Island
116. Tapir-generated seed shadows: Scale-dependent patchiness in the Amazon rain forest
117. Seed-dispersal and seedling recruitment patterns by the last Neotropical megafaunal element in Amazonia, the tapir
118. Comparitive phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica
119. Notes on the pigeons of the Richmond River, N.S.W.
120. Food habits of the topknot pigeon
121. Sexual cycles and food of the doves Streptopelia chinensis and Streptopelia senegalensis in Australia
122. Food of eight species of Columbidae, in the genera Geopelia, Phaps, Geophaps and Petrophassa
123. Fruit-frugivore interactions in a South African coastal dune forest
124. Feeding and ranging in the Mentawai Island langur (Presbytis potenziani)
125. Flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Threatened animals of key ecological and economical importance
126. English starling eating olives
127. Feeding ecology of the northern Ryukyu fruit bat, Pteropus dasymallus, in a warm-temperate region
128. Orangutan diet, range, and activity at Tanjung Puting, Central Borneo
129. Ecology and conservation of the jacutinga Pipile jacutinga in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
130. Diet of the large fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus in a forest fragment in Brazil
131. Seasonal diet of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a semideciduous forest in south-east Brazil
132. Diet of the brown howler monkey Alouallafusca in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil
133. Food partitioning among Malagasy primates
134. Feeding Habits
135. Polyspecific associations and niche separation of rain-forest anthropoids in Cameroon, West Africa
136. Seasonal variation of diet related to species and sex in a community of Cercopithecus monkeys
137. A comparison of the diets of three major groups of primary consumers of Gabon (primates, squirrels and ruminants)
138. Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropical forest vertebrate community
139. Are figs always keystone resources for tropical frugivorous vertebrates? A test in Gabon
140. Notes on some observations of the habitats and biology of hornbills in Sri Lanka
141. Siamang, lar and agile gibbons
142. Seasonal food use and demographic trends in Sciurus granatensis
143. Observations at a Ficus tree in Malagasy Humid Forest
144. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago. Description, rabies infection and ecology
145. Dietary overlap between frugivorous birds and bats in the Peruvian Amazon
146. Seed dispersal effectiveness by two bulbuls in Masea lanceolata, an African montane forest tree
147. Dispersal of Namaqua Fig (Ficus cordala) seeds by the Augrabies Flat Lizard (Platysaurus broadleyi)
148. Avian seed dispersal in and near subtropical rainforests
149. The food of some Trinidad fruit bats (Artibeus and Carollia)
150. Identity and germination of seeds from feces of the Philippine Palm Civet (Paradoxurus philippensis Jourdan)
151. Digestive efficiency and gut morphology of omnivorous and herbivorous African tortoises
152. Seed dispersal by birds of prey
153. Behaviour and ecology of the wild Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas, in Uganda
154. Interactions among frugivores and fleshy fruit trees in a Philippine submontane rainforest
155. Namib Desert baboon (Papio ursinus) use of food and water resources during a food shortage
156. Demography and natural history of the Common Fruit Bat, Arlibeus jantaicensis, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
157. The central nervous system of birds: A study of functional morphology
158. Abundance, diet and roosting defecations of the Torresian Imperial-Pigeon Ducula spilorrhoa in Darwin
159. Patterns of foraging and resource utilisation in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest
160. The role of nitrogen fruit pulp in the nutrition of the frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata
161. Mousedeer densities in a tropical rainforest: The impact of selective logging
162. Exploitation of wild animals
163. Role of food sharing between mother and infant in the ontogeny of feeding behaviour
164. A comparative study of the feeding strategies of two sympatric species of leaf monkeys: Presbytis senex and Presbytis entellus
165. Diet and the evolution of feeding strategies among forest primates
166. Plant dispersal by the Aldabran giant tortoise Geochelone gigantea (Schweigger)
167. The biology and ecology of Coxen's fig parrot
168. Evidence for dispersal of fig seeds by the fruit-eating characid fish Brycon guatemalensis Regan in a Costa Rican tropical rain forest
169. Rhamphastos swainsonii (Dios Tede, Toucan de Swainson, Chestnut-mandibled Toucan)
170. Seed dispersal by birds and mammals: Implications for seedling demography
171. Specialised and generalised dispersal systems: Where does 'the paradigm' stand?
172. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis)
173. Fecundity and seed-dispersal of a tropical tree
174. Morphology and function of the digestive tract in New Guinea possums
175. Seed dispersal by Pygmy Chimpanzees (Pan paniscus): A preliminary report
176. Flora and vegetation of Wamba Forest, Central Zaire with reference to bonobo (Pan paniscus) foods
177. Feeding ecology of fruit pigeons in subtropical rainforests of South-east Queensland
178. Feeding ecology of Green Catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris) in subtropical rainforests of south-eastern Queensland
179. Ecology of the Hoolock Gibbon
180. Additional notes on the Tooth-billed Bower-Bird (Scenopactes dentirostria) of North Queensland
181. Primate photopigments and primate color vision
182. Observations on the ecology and the biology of the Cape fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi in the Eastern Transvaal
183. How to be a fig
184. Ficus ovalis seed predation by an orange-chinned parakeet (Brotogeris jugularis) in Costa Rica
185. Canis latrans (Coyote)
186. Eira barbara (Tolumuco, Tayra)
187. Odocoileus virginianus (Venado, Venado Cola Blanca, White-tailed Deer)
188. The R.A.O.U. campout in central Australia
189. Observations on nesting behaviour in the rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros) rhinoceros
190. The use of primary and selectively logged forest by Malaysian hornbills (Bucerotidae) and implications for their conservation
191. Mammals from the Mexican state of Sinaloa. II. Chiroptera
192. Fig-seed predation and dispersal by birds
193. Seasonal and habitat-related diets of sloth bears in Nepal
194. Influence of food distribution and predation pressure on spacing behaviour in palm civets
195. Radiotracking observations on ranging and foraging patterns by kinkajous (Potos flavus) in French Guiana
196. Diversity in tropical bats
197. Relation of fig fruit characteristics to fruit-eating bats in the New and Old World tropics
198. Radiotelemetry in an urban environment: A study of mynas (Acridotheres spp.) in Singapore
199. Observation on some fruit-eating birds in Mexico
200. The influence of temporal changes in fruit availability on diet composition and seed handling in blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis doggetti)
201. Diet and feeding behaviour of the Moloch Gibbon
202. Nasua narica (Pizote, Coati)
203. Adaptations for a two-phase seed dispersal system involving vertebrates and ants in a hemiepiphytic fig (Ficus microcarpa, Moraccae)
204. Observations on the breeding biology of the Writhed-billed Hornbill (Aceros waldemi) in the Philippines
205. Spatial organisation and territoriality of tree shrews (Tupaia glis)
206. Food preferences of kinkajous (Potos flavus): A frugivorous carnivore
207. Preliminary observation on the breeding ecology of the endemic Sulawesi Red-knobbed Hornbill
208. Breeding ecology of the Sulawesi Red Knobbed Hornbill Aceros cassidix
209. Population fluctuation in Sulawesi Red-knobbed Hornbill Aceros cassidix: Tracking figs in space and time
210. The importance of figs to Sulawesi's imperiled wildlife
211. Feeding behaviour of the Columbian Spider Monkey Ateles belzebuth
212. Sugar composition of wild fruits in Hong Kong, China
213. Felis wiedii (Tigrillo, Caucel, Margay)
214. Is the Egyptian fruit-bat Rousetius aegyphacus a pest in Israel? An analysis of the bats' diet and implications for its conservation
215. Fruit characteristics and factors affecting fruit removal in a Panamanian community of strangler figs
216. The role of some birds and mammals in seed germination
217. Ficus stupenda germination and seedling establishment in a Bornean rain forest canopy
218. The impact of seed harvesting ants (Pheidole sp. nov) on Ficus establishment in the canopy
219. Borneo's strangler fig trees
220. Daily ranging behaviour of three tropical forest frugivores
221. Fig-eating by birds in a Malaysian lowland forest
222. Pigeons as seed predators and dispersers of figs in a Malaysian lowland forest
223. Some notes on fig-eating by arboreal mammals in Malaysia
224. The conservation of fig-eating birds in Malaysia
225. Keystone characteristics of bird-dispersed Ficus in a Malaysian lowland rain forest
226. Gibbons: Territoriality and monogamy
227. Hornbill social dispersion: Variations on a monogamous theme
228. Modeling dietary selectivity by Bornean orangutans: Evidence for integration of multiple criteria in fruit selection
229. Vertebrate responses to fruiting seasonality within a Bornean rain forest
230. Food of some birds in southern Australia: Additions to Barker and Vestjens. 2
231. Seed dispersal by baboons in the Shai Hills, Ghana
232. The shrinking world of hornbills
233. Birds of the Murphy's Creek district, Queensland
234. Notes on the occurence and feeding of birds at Crater Mountain Biological Research Station, Papua New Guinea
235. The vulturine parrot, Psittrichas fulgidus, a threatened New Guinea endemic: Notes on its biology and conservation
236. Estrategias almentares de aves na utilizacao de frutos fe Ficus microcarpa (Moraceas) em uma area Antropica
237. The coexistence of two frugivorous bat species and the phenology of their food plants in Brazil
238. Old World phytophagous bats (Megachiroptera) and their food plants: A survey
239. Diet of buffy tuftedeared marmosets (Callithrix aurita) in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil
240. The food of birds in India
241. Population persistence, pollination mutualisms, and figs in fragmented tropical landscapes
242. Notes on the flying fox (Pleropus giganteus Brunn)
243. Flowering, fruiting and animals in the canopy of a tropical rain forest
244. Seed dispersal by the sun bear Helarctos malayanus in Central Borneo
245. Food competition and foraging party size in the Black Spider Monkey (Aleles paniscus Chamek)
246. Bird life west of Oodnadatta, South Australia
247. The ecology of coevolved seed dispersal systems
248. Northern Australian birds
249. Seed dispersal of Cecropia oblusifolia by two species of opossums in the Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico
250. Phenology of a tropical forest in Malaysia
251. Fruit trees in Sabah
252. A taxonomic revision of cuscuses allied to Phalanger orientalis (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae)
253. Agile Wallaby
254. Group foraging by Mockingbirds in a Florida strangler fig
255. Exceptions to the one: One relationship between African fig trees and their fig wasp pollinators: Possible evolutionary scenarios
256. The effect of birds upon the germination of banyan (Ficus bengalensis) seeds
257. Food choice and digestive strategies of two symatric primate species
258. Body weight, diet and home range area in primates
259. Fruiting phenologies of two neotropical Ficus species
260. Evidence for a role in seed dispersal by two tropical herbivorous turtles
261. Notes on the distribution, habitat, food habits, status and conservation of spectacled bears (Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier) in Venezuela
262. Plants of the Tongue East Forest Reserve (Ugalla) Tanzania
263. Foraging ecology and energetics of the frugivorous bat Artibeus jarmaicensis
264. Vegetation and list of plant species identified in the Nouabale-Ndoki Forest, Congo
265. Population ecology of the tortoises Geochelone carbonaria and G. denticulata on the Ilha de Maracà
266. Ecology, of the Zanzibar red colobus monkey, Colubus badius kirkii, in comparison with other red colobines
267. Habitos de alimentacion del tapir (Tapirus bairdii) en un bosque tropical humedo de Costa Rica
268. Paternity analysis of the breeding structure of strangler fig populations: Evidence for substanstial long-distance wasp dispersal
269. The breeding structure of a tropical keystone resource
270. Hornbills devouring young paroquets
271. The diet of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest Reserve
272. Preliminary results on the diet of the red-shanked douc langur (Pygathrix nemaeus)
273. Seed dispersal by common ravens Corvus corax among island habitats (Canarian Archipelago)
274. Magpies (Black and Grey)
275. The Guereza and its food
276. What's so special about figs?
277. Effect of forest size and structure on the distribution of Sumba Wreathed Hornbills Aceros everetti
278. Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal in the fruit bat Eidolon helvum and the insect bat Tadarida nigeriae
279. Avian dispersal of plants in Panama
280. Fruit finding by mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena): Are monitoring of fig trees and use of sympatric frugivore calls possible strategies?
281. Cebus capucinus: Home range, population dynamics, and interspecific relationships
282. Frugivoria por aves en un paisaje fragmentado: Consecuencias en la dispersion de semillas
283. Pollen and seed dispersal in Chlorophora excelsa and other Moraceae, and in Parkia filicoidea (Mimosaccae), with special reference to the role of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum
284. Seed dispersal and predation by Yakushima macaques, Macaca fuscata yakui, in a warm temperate forest of Yakushima Island, southern Japan
285. Foraging ecology of the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) in the seasonal tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia
286. Trophic structure of a Neotropical frugivore community: Is there competition between birds and bats?
287. Inter- and intraspecific variation in the diets of syimpatric siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) and lar gibbons (Hylobates lar)
288. Seasonal food use by the neotropical ground squirrel Sciurus ingrami in southeastern Brazil
289. Variation in a mutualism: Phenology and the maintenance gynodioecy in two Indian fig species
290. Phenological patterns of Ficus in relation to other forest trees in southern India
291. Diet and feeding ecology of saddle-back (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached (Saguinus mystax) tamarins in an Amazonian terra firme forest
292. Turacos Corythaix corythaix ("Lourie") in the Knysna forests
293. A comparative ecological study of four sympatric hornbills (Family Bucerotidae) in Thailand
294. Phenology of some Ficus species and utilisation of Ficus sources in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
295. Ranges of males of the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Brown Hornbill Ptilolaemus tickelli and Wreathed Hornbill Rhyticeros undulatus in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
296. Some aspects of food and feeding ecology of sympatric hornbill species in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
297. Challenges in the quest for keystones
298. The influence of fruit size and structure on the compostion of frugivore assemblages in New Guinea
299. Rodents as seed consumers and dispersers
300. Long-distance dispersal of seeds by retention in the digestive tract of birds
301. Buried seeds, dispersed seeds, and the dynamics of a lowland forest in Malaysia
302. Behaviour and movements of sympatric civet species in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
303. Mammals
304. Large versus small gibbons: Relative roles of bioenergetics and competition in their ecological segregation in sympatry
305. Life of the crowned hornbill
306. Notes on the fruit bats (Pteropus spp,) of Australia
307. The diets of neotropical trogons, motmots, barbets and toucans
308. Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest
309. Ants rearrange the vertebrate-generated seed shadow of a neotropical fig tree
310. Population estimate for the Ouvea parakeet Eunymphicus cornutus waeensis: Its present range and implications for conservation
311. Gorilla diet in the Lope Reserve, Gabon: A nutritional analysis
312. Seasonal variation in fruit consumption and seed dispersal by canopy bats (Artibeus spp.) in a lowland forest in Peru
313. Food of some Australian birds
314. Timing of reproduction by coatis (Nasua narica) in relation to fluctuations in food resources
315. Diet of the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris L.) in the Tabaro Valley, southern Venezuela
316. Postdispersal fruit and seed removal by forest-dwelling rodents in a lowland rainforest in Mexico
317. Frugivory of Salvin's Currasow in a rainforest fragment of the Colombian Amazon
318. Interactions between Grey and Purplecrested Louries
319. Colonisation of an exploded island, Long I, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake. III. Birds
320. Over drie buideldieren uit de familie der Kengeroe's
321. Grey hornbill (R424) feeding on peanuts
322. Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in dem Fahren 1840-1844. Part 3
323. Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals
324. Avian consumers of Bursera, Ficus and Ehretia fruits in Yucatan
325. Fig-eating by Bornean treeshrews (Tupaia spp.): Evidence for a role as seed dispersers
326. Vertical stratification of figs and fig-eaters in a Bornean lowland rainforest: How is the canopy different?
327. Vertebrates of Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak
328. Colonisation of an exploded island, Long I, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake. V. Colonisation by figs (Ficus species), their dispersers and pollinators
329. Old World fruit bats can be long-distance seed dispersers through extended retention of viable seeds in the gut
330. Feeding behaviour and social organisation in howling monkeys
331. Preliminary notes on bats from the Bismarck Archipelago (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
332. Regional differences between tropical floras and the evolution of frugivory
333. The feeding ecology of tanagers and honeycreepers in Trinidad
334. Quetzal abundance in relation to fruit availability in a cloud forest in Southeastern Mexico
335. Rhesus monkeys in North India
336. Tayassu tajacu (Saino, Collared Peccary)
337. Roosting and foraging behaviour of the Queensland Tube-nosed bat, Nyctimene robinsoni (Pteropodidae): Preliminary radio-tracking observations
338. Phenology of Ficus variegata in a seasonal wet tropical forest at Cape Tribulation, Australia
339. Ecology of Pileated Gibbons in South-East Thailand
340. Birds
341. Annual variation in fruiting pattern using two different methods in a lowland tropical forest, Tinigua National Park, Colombia
342. Influence of fruit availability on ecological overlap among four Neotropical primates at Tinigua National Park, Colombia
343. Seed dispersal by cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius) in north Queensland's rainforest
344. Zoological results of the Mato Grosso expedition to Brazil in 1931. II Birds
345. Notes on the Philippine Brown Hornbill
346. Yellow-throated bulbul at Horsley Hills
347. Foraging ecology of three sympatric turacos in a montane forest in Rwanda
348. A preliminary study of the behaviour and ecology of Lemur fulvus rufus Audebret 1860
349. Feeding behaviour of Lemur calla and Lemur fulvus
350. Food habits of Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
351. Comparative analyses on food habits of Japanese marten, Siberian weasel and leopard cat in the Tsushima islands, Japan
352. Capensis
353. The morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and food transit time in the fruit bats Pteropus alecto and P. poliocephalus (Megachiroptera)
354. Notes on the Violet-backed Starling (Sturnus philippensis) in Manila/Philippines
355. Keystone plant resources in the tropical forest
356. Niche overlap in feeding assemblages of New Guinea birds
357. The starling in the Sunraysia district, Victoria
358. The role of animals in the colonisation of the Krakatau islands by fig trees (Ficus species)
359. Dikdik, Madoqua kirkii, in south-west Africa: Notes on distribution, ecology and behaviour
360. Effects of birds and bears in seed germination of fleshy fruited plants in temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska
361. List of plant species identified in the northern part of the Lope Reserve, Gabon
362. Distribution and zoogeography of Peruvian bats, with comments on natural history
363. Fruit preferences of four sympatric primate species at Ketambe, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
364. Food competition between wild orangutans in large fig trees
365. Differential ingestion of viable vs. non-viable Ficus seeds by fruit bats
366. Feeding ecology of Philippine fruit bats: Patterns of resource use and seed dispersal
367. The dispersal of plants by bats (Chiropterophily)
368. Preliminary observations on samango and vervet monkeys near Lake Sibayi
369. Basilicus basilicus (Chisbala, Garrobo, Basilisk, Jesus Christ Lizard)
370. Strangling figs: Their role in the forest
371. Scramble and contest in feeding competition among female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
372. Observations of seed dispersal by bats in a tropical humid region in Veracruz, Mexico
373. The nutritive value of Ficus in the diet of the lar gibbon (Hylobates lar)
374. Syconial anatomy of Ficus asperfolia (Moraceae), a gynodioecious tropical fig
375. Gluttonous starlings raid Natal mahogany
376. Birds
377. Feeding, ranging and group size in the Mangabey Cercocebus albigena
378. Some obsevations on the ecology of the rainbow lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus in Oarley, South Sydney
379. Action for Buffon's Macaw in Ecuador: A report from the field
380. Bird Report: 1972 and 1973
381. Bird Report: 1974 and 1975
382. Nutritional values of 14 fig species and bat feeding preferences in Panama
383. Tropical fruit eating birds and their food plants: A survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest
384. Seasonality and socioecology: The importance of variation in fruit abundance to Bonobo sociality
385. Group composition and diet of forest elephants. Loxodonta africana cyclotis Matschie 1900, in the Lope Reserve, Gabon
386. Facultative frugivory in the cape flat lizard Platysaurus capensis (Sauria: Cordylidae)
387. Use of heterospecific cues by the lizard Platysaurus broadleyi for food location
388. Seed dispersal by Ceralogymna hornbills in the Dja reserve, Cameroon
389. The role of frugivorous bats and birds in the rebuilding of a tropical forest ecosystem, Krakatau, Indonesia
390. Ecology comparisons between Kloss Gibbons and other small gibbons
391. Ecological separation of three diurnal squirrels in tropical rainforest on Siberut Island, Indonesia
392. Effects of patch quality and feeding subgroup size on feeding success in Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)
393. Field studies of the African fruit bat Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundevall) with special reference to male calling
394. Co-evolution of figs and their insect pollinators
395. Abundance, biology and human exploitation of bats in the Palau Islands
396. The Central American tapir (Tapirus bairdii Gill) in northwestern Costa Rica
397. Gut retention times of experimental pseudoseeds by emus
398. Ecology and conservation of the Crowned Lemur, Lemur coronatus, at Ankarana, N Madagascar - With notes on Sanford's Lemur, other sympatrics and subfossil lemurs
399. Phenology of fruit and leaf production by 'strangler' figs on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
400. The peka, or fruit bat (Pleropus tonganus tonganus) (mammalia, Chiroptera), of Nuie Island, Pacific Ocean
401. Ecological and behavioural studies of the Megachiroptera at Mount Nimba, Liberia, with notes on Microchiroptera
402. Crested and feral pigeons feeding on figseeds - Commensalism, feeding rates and vigilance
403. Population sizes and breeding rhythms of two species of manakins in relation to food supply
404. Adaptations for avian frugivory assimilation efficiency and gut transit-time of Manacus vitellinus and Pipra mentalis
405. Feeding behaviour of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
406. The value of figs to chimpanzees
407. Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda
408. Seasonal change in the composition of the diet of eastern lowland gorillas
409. Studies on animal structure and biodiversity on Ficus in the tropical rain of Xishuang banna, China
410. Seed dispersal by Salvin's Currasow. Mitu salvini (Cracidae), in a tropical forest of Colombia: Direct measurement of dispersal distance
411. Cheek-pouch dispersal of seeds by Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan
412. List of plant species identified in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Zaire
413. Bird colonisation of Anak Krakatau, an emergent volcanic, island
414. Fruit consumption and seed dispersal of Ziziphus cinnamomum (Rhamnaceae) by two sympatric primates (Cebus apella) and Aleles paniscus in French Guiana
415. Natural foods and their ecological implications for Macaca thibetana at Mount Emei, China
416. Fauna Sinica, Aves Vol. 6, Columbiformes, Psillaciformes, Cuculiformes and Strigiformes
417. A review of animal-mediated seed dispersal of palms